瑞士乳杆菌TUST005发酵乳ACE抑制活性的研究

通过正交试验确定瑞士乳杆菌TUST005制备具有抑制血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)发酵乳的最佳工艺条件.脱脂复原乳浓度为13%,经灭菌后,接种3%(体积百分数)的发酵剂,在不同的温度和时间组合下培养,超滤发酵乳的乳清,测定滤液的ACE抑制活性.42℃,6h发酵乳样品ACE抑制活性最高,为35.71%.4℃下后发酵3d的抑制活性最佳,为45.91%.     

发酵乳中ACE抑制肽的超滤工艺研究

本实验采用超滤法分离发酵乳中的ACE抑制肽,研究了超滤工艺的主要技术参数。结果表明:截留分子量为6000Da的超滤膜,在压力0.10MPa,温度25℃条件下,能得到具有较高ACE抑制活性的超滤液。     

瑞士乳杆菌发酵法制备乳清蛋白源性ACE抑制肽的研究

利用益生菌发酵法制备ACE抑制肽（AngiotensinI-Converting Enzyme（ACE）inhibitory peptides）已成为近年来研究的新热点,对于功能性食品的开发具有十分重要的意义.本文以瑞士乳杆菌（Lactobacillus helveticus）为发酵菌种,研究了其水解乳清蛋白的能力及发酵产物的ACE抑制活性.研究发现发酵产品在瑞士乳杆菌对数生长期收获时为最佳,16h收获时ACE抑制率达到44.17%,活菌数为10^7CFU/ml.发酵产品超滤结果显示,用10000D分子量膜超滤后,其ACE抑制活性比未超滤前提高2.5倍,IC50达到19.63 g/ml.最后对发酵产品进行喷雾干燥和冷冻干燥,发现这两种干燥方法对产品ACE抑制活性没有影响,冷冻干燥的方法产率比较高,可达到106.08g/L,且IC50为50.28μg/ml.     

发酵乳中ACE抑制肽生成的外部因素条件的研究

探讨了促进发酵乳中ACE抑制肽生成的外部因素条件。研究结果表明,菌株发酵凝乳(pH4.7～5.0)后,产生肽量迅速积累,ACE抑制活性大幅度增强,产生的肽量与ACE抑制活性具有正相关性。添加乳清蛋白和酪蛋白可提高发酵乳中的肽含量,添加酪蛋白组更为突出;添加乳清蛋白组肽粉ACE抑制活性减弱,而添加酪蛋白组肽粉ACE抑制活性增强。与发酵温度42℃相比,37℃发酵条件下有利于发酵乳ACE抑制肽生成;与4℃冷藏处理相比,37℃条件下保温培养对提高ACE抑制活性和肽含量更为显著(P<0.01),实验结果为发酵法生产ACE抑制肽提供了可靠的技术依据。     

发酵乳中血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂的分离与鉴定

用瑞士乳杆菌生产具有抑制血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)活性的发酵乳并从其中分离血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI)。脱脂乳经灭菌后,接种4%(V/V)的发酵剂,37℃培养24h,获得抑制ACE活性较高的发酵乳。对此发酵乳的乳清进行超滤、上海732阳离子树脂交换、SephadexG-15凝胶过滤和HPLC分步纯化,最终得到两种起主要作用的ACEI肽。经氨基酸分析和液相-质谱分析,这两种肽的氨基酸序列分别为:Phe-Pro(IC50:12.05μmol/L)和Ala-Glu-Glu(IC50:12.42μmol/L)。     

德氏乳杆菌QS701产ACE抑制肽发酵条件的优化

通过单因素和正交实实验对德氏乳杆菌QS701产ACE抑制肽的发酵条件进行优化,以期提高ACE抑制肽的产量,并对该菌株的生长特征进行探讨。结果显示,影响ACE抑制活性的发酵条件的顺序为:发酵时间>发酵温度>接种量,在此实验中,德氏乳杆菌QS701的最佳发酵条件为:接种量3%、温度43℃、发酵时间72 h,在此条件下ACE抑制率可达到81.58%,所以将此发酵条件应用于ACE抑制肽的制备中。     

传统发酵酸马奶中ACE抑制成分的分离

研究了从传统发酵酸马奶中分离ACE抑制成分,即酸马奶经热处理、分离乳清、截留膜超滤和凝胶柱层析分离后得到ACE抑制成分,并逐步测定ACE抑制活性和肽质量浓度.酸马奶乳清经超滤膜截留分离得到3个组分(Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ),其中分子量小于3 ku组分(Ⅲ)的ACE抑制效率最高((2.257±0.028)L/g),再经凝胶柱层析分离得到6个组分(A-F),其中组分C的ACE抑制效率最高((6.3852±0.0728)L/g).结果表明,传统发酵酸马奶中富舍ACE抑制成分,为酸马奶的降血压功能及其进一步研发提供科学依据和实验基础.     

乳清蛋白酶解ACE抑制肽分离纯化技术的研究

采用6000 u的超滤膜对乳清蛋白水解物中的ACE抑制肽进行了初步分离,确定了超滤的条件,并测定超滤前后水解物的ACE抑制率,结果表明通过超滤可以富积乳清蛋白水解物中的ACE抑制肽.采用阳离子交换树脂对水解物进行脱盐,通过测定水解物的氮回收率、脱盐率以及ACE抑制率,表明采用阳离子交换树脂脱盐率可以达到80%以上,氮的回收率达到90%以上,而水解物经过阳离子交换树脂基本上对其ACE抑制率没有影响.     

益生菌发酵制备金针菇血管紧张素转化酶抑制肽

为了获得高活性的金针菇血管紧张素转化酶（ACE）抑制肽,该研究对益生菌发酵制备金针菇ACE抑制肽的工艺条件进行了优化,并采用超滤法对ACE抑制肽进行了分级分离和活性鉴定。试验以ACE抑制率为评价指标,对枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）、酿酒酵母（Saccharomyces cerevisiae）和黑曲霉（Aspergillus niger）三种益生菌进行了筛选,优选出沉淀分离活性肽的最适pH,然后采用单因素和响应面设计对发酵条件进行了考察。结果表明,确定枯草芽孢杆菌为最适菌种;沉淀ACE抑制肽的最适pH为6;最佳发酵条件为蒸馏水与金针菇粉液料比5∶1（mL∶g）、发酵时间16 h、发酵温度37 ℃、金针菇粉用量35 g/500 mL三角瓶,于此条件下ACE抑制率实测值为（51.25±1.02）%;截留分子质量＜3 kDa的ACE抑制肽活性最强。     

瑞士乳杆菌发酵乳清蛋白制备ACE抑制肽的条件优化

对瑞士乳杆菌发酵乳清蛋白产生血管紧张素转化酶(angiotensin converting enzyme,ACE)抑制肽的发酵条件进行探讨。通过单因素分析和响应面试验设计,确定发酵乳清蛋白制备ACE抑制肽的最佳工艺条件：发酵时间为17.52h,发酵温度为37.07℃,乳清质量浓度为114.1g/L,其ACE抑制率可达89.337%。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

Focus on China's Paper Industry

In the English section of this issue, 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 will introduce ＂National Development and Reform Commission Issued Announcement for Selection of Major Preliminary Research Projects for the ＇13th Five-Year Plan＇＂, ＂2013 Annual Report of China＇s Paper Industry＂, and news of projects and other policies.     

Listen to downstream & search for innovation

正Nowadays,textile enterprises are all taking efforts in transformation and upgrading,like improving producing capacity and optimizing production structure to face market downturn.It claimed a higher request to the standard of textile equipments.In the upcoming of ITMA ASIA+CITME 2014exhibition,this magazine have interviewed several branch associations and a series of relative enterprises,to summarize industrial developing status