小波变换和LBP对数域特征提取的人脸识别算法北大核心CSCD

为了改善复杂光照条件下人脸识别的性能,提出结合小波变换和LBP(Local Binary Pattern,LBP)提取复杂光照下人脸图像的对数域特征来进行人脸识别。本文首先将人脸图像由空域变换到对数域,再做两级离散小波分解,并利用高频分量重构原图,也即对人脸图像进行高通滤波,滤除低频光照成分,以达到复杂光照补偿的目的,最后利用分块LBP提取光照补偿后图像的局部纹理特征,并将这些特征应用于人脸识别。基于Yale-B和CMU-PIE人脸库上的实验结果显示本文算法对复杂光照具有较强鲁棒性,具备提取复杂光照条件下人脸图像有效特征的能力。     

基于BP神经网络的人脸识别系统研究

本文设计了一种基于BP神经网络的人脸识别系统,并对其进行了性能分析.该系统首先利用离散小波变换获取包含人脸图像大部分原始信息的低频分量,对图像数据进行降维;再由PCA算法对人脸图像进行主成分特征提取,进一步降低图像数据的处理量;最后使用经过训练后的BP神经网络对待测人脸进行分类识别.详细介绍了离散小波变换、PCA特征提取以及BP神经网络分类设计.通过系统仿真实验与分析发现:人脸特征的提取是该系统的关键;同时,由于人脸灰度信息的统计特征与有监督训练BP神经网络分类器,使该系统只在固定类别,并且光照均匀的人脸识别应用场景中具有较高的识别准确率.因此,很难在复杂环境中应用.     

一种新的HOG特征人脸图像识别算法研究

针对人脸在非均匀光照下识别率的降低,提出了拉普拉斯滤波和离散余弦变换(DCT)融合梯度方向直方图(HOG)人脸识别算法。首先通过拉普拉斯滤波对人脸图像进行处理,突出其纹理特征,其次进行离散余弦变换(DCT),有效滤除高频分量,然后利用离散余弦逆变换(IDCT)重建人脸图像,降低其维数,最后通过梯度方向直方图(HOG)算子提取人脸图像固有特征,并利用最近邻方法进行分类识别。实验结果表明,该算法在不同特征维数下的Yale B人脸数据库中识别率高达95％以及课题组自建的维吾尔族人脸数据库中其识别率高达98.5％,优于其他传统算法?具有很强的鲁棒性和实时性。     

基于DWT,2DPCA和KPCA的人脸识别

利用离散小波变换对人脸图像进行压缩,提取人脸的低频分量,有效去除人脸图像高频分量的影响;再利用二维主元分析对小波变换后的人脸低频分量实行提取特征;然后使用核主元分析再次提取特征;最后用最小距离分类器完成人脸识别.基于ORL人脸数据库的实验结果表明,该算法能提高人脸识别率,有效减少计算量和降低计算复杂度.     

基于离散小波变换和主成分分析的人脸识别

提出了一种基于离散小波变换、主成分分析和余弦相似度分类器的人脸识别方法。首先对图像进行二维离散小波变换,得到近似分量以及水平、垂直和对角细节分量,然后对每幅图像进行二维主成分特征提取。最后,使用余弦分类器对4种特征进行分类并融合得出最终结果。实验表明,此方法准确率要优于单一的二维主成分分析,且余弦相似度分类器拥有比欧几里得距离更好的分类效果。     

具有学习功能的自动人脸识别

人脸识别是模式识别领域中一个相当困难而又有理论意义和实际价值的研究课题。传统的基于K－L变换的自动人脸识别方法,不用过多地考虑人脸的局部特征,利用特征脸方法进行识别,取得了一定的。但是,人脸作为一个特殊的场景,脸像会受年龄、心情、拍摄角度、光照条件、发饰等因素影响,所成图像存在差异。传统的基于K－L变换的自动人脸识别方法不能很好地克服这些畸变的影响。文中就主成分分析方法引入人脸识别,模拟人脸脸像的各种变化,事先对脸像做相应的变化,产生一系列变形脸。然后对变形脸进行主成分分析,提取它们的主成分。最后应用遗传算法选择最优特征向量构造子空间,提出一种能抗御一定脸像变化的人脸识别方法,并运用该方法进行了实验。实验结果证明了该方法的可行性和良好的抗畸变能力。     

基于离散小波变换和ICA支持向量机的人脸识别

为了实现对具有不同光照、姿势和噪声的人脸进行识别并提高识别精度,设计了一种基于离散小波变换和最小二乘支持向量机的人脸识别方法。首先,采用二维离散小波变换对人脸图像进行压缩和降噪,以提取低频特征信息分量,然后采用快速独立成分分析法ICA对经过离散小波变换后的人脸低频分量进行特征提取,以进一步减少人脸特征向量维数。在获取图像特征向量的基础上,采用径向基函数作为核函数,将训练样本数据输入最小二乘支持向量机进行训练以获得最终的分类模型。在ORL数据库下采用MATLAB仿真工具进行仿真,实验结果表明,该方法能有效地实现对人脸识别,与其他方法相比具有较高的识别精度。     

基于小波变换和余弦变换的Fisher脸识别

结合几种现有的人脸识别特征提取算法,先对人脸图像进行小波分解去噪;然后通过离散余弦变换对低频分量作进一步特征提取和压缩,保留人脸图像中对光照、姿态、表情变化不敏感的识别信息;接着利用PCA和LDA相结合得到最终的识别特征,最后采用欧式距离和最近邻分类器识别人脸。实验采用ORL标准人脸库验证了这种组合的有效性。     

基于小波变换和余弦变换的Fisher脸识别

结合几种现有的人脸识别特征提取算法,先对人脸图像进行小波分解去噪;然后通过离散余弦变换对低频分量作进一步特征提取和压缩,保留人脸图像中对光照、姿态、表情变化不敏感的识别信息;接着利用PCA和LDA相结合得到最终的识别特征,最后采用欧式距离和最近邻分类器识别人脸。实验采用ORL标准人脸库验证了这种组合的有效性。     

复杂光照条件下的多姿状鲁棒性人脸识别方法

为改善复杂光照条件下的多姿状鲁棒性人脸识别的效果,提出了小波变换与LBP的多姿状鲁棒性人脸识别方法。通过二维离散小波变换对人脸图像进行二级小波分解提取到低频特征信息分量,并以重构初始图像的方式实现降噪滤波处理,滤除低频光照分量后完成复杂光照补偿;继续分解复杂光照补偿后的图像,采用LBP算子对子图像的鲁棒性部分纹理特征进行描述后,提取出人脸图像各子图像的直方图特征并连接,得到人脸LBP纹理特征,通过统计法运算该特征距离,并通过K近邻分类器实现人脸特征分类识别。以Yale-B与AR人脸库为测试对象,结果表明,所研究方法对复杂光照鲁棒性较强,识别人脸的准确率与效率较高,整体识别效果较好。     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Nanoimprint Lithography -A Next Generation High Volume Lithography Technique

IntroductionNanoimprint Lithography is a well-acknowl-edged low cost, high resolution, large area pattern-ing process. It includes the most promising methods,high-pressure hot embossing lithography (HEL) [2],UV-cured imprinting (UV-NIL) [3] and micro contactprinting (m-CP, MCP) [4]. Curing of the imprintedstructures is either done by subsequent UV-lightexposure in the case of UV-NIL or by cooling downbelow the glass transition temperature of the ther-moplastic material in case of HEL…     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

Influence of PVK ： NPB hole transporting layer on the characteristics of organic light-emitting devices

A doping system consisting of NPB and PVK is employed as a composite hole transporting layer （CHTL）. By adjusting the component ratio of the doping system, a series of devices with different concentration proportion of PVK ： NPB are constracted. The result shows that doping concentration of NPB enhances the competence of hole transporting ability, and modifies the recombination region of charge as well as affects the surface morphology of doped film. Optimum device with a maximum brightness of 7852 cd/m^2 and a power efficiency of 1.75 lm/W has been obtained by choosing a concentration proportion of PVK ： NPB at 1：3.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.     

Analysis of error performance on Turbo coded FDPIM

Due to variable symbol length of digital pulse interval modulation（DPIM）, it is difficult to analyze the error performances of Turbo coded DPIM. To solve this problem, a fixed-length digital pulse interval modulation（FDPIM） method is provided. The FDPIM modulation structure is introduced. The packet error rates of uncoded FDPIM are analyzed and compared with that of DPIM. Bit error rates of Turbo coded FDPIM are simulated based on three kinds of analytical models under weak turbulence channel. The results show that packet error rate of uncoded FDPIM is inferior to that of uncoded DPIM. However, FDPIM is easy to be implemented and easy to be combined, with Turbo code for soft-decision because of its fixed length. Besides, the introduction of Turbo code in this modulation can decrease the average power about 10 dBm, which means that it can improve the error performance of the system effectively.     

A method for calculating the center position of collimated light

It is a key problem to accurately calculate beam spots＇ center of measuring the warp by using a collimated laser. A new method, named double geometrical center method （DGCM）, is put forward for the first time. In this method, a plane wave perpendicularly irradiates an aperture stop, and a charge couple device （CCD） is employed to receive the diffraction-beam spots, then the geometrical centers of the fast and the second diffraction-beam spots are calculated respectively, and their mean value is regarded as the center of datum beam. In face of such adverse instances as laser intension distributing defectively, part of the image being saturated, this method can still work well. What＇s more, this method can detect whether an unacceptable error exits in the courses of image receiving, processing and calculating. The experimental results indicate the precision of this method is high.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.