WWOX基因真核细胞表达载体的构建与鉴定

目的 构建人WWOX基因真核细胞表达载体.方法 采用RT-PCR方法 ,从人新鲜卵巢组织的总RNA中扩增出1245 bp的人WWOX cDNA片段, 然后用Hind III和Eco RI双酶切后定向克隆到真核细胞表达载体pcDNA 3.1中,用限制性内切酶酶切分析和DNA序列分析鉴定重组质粒.结果 WWOX基因的序列测定结果 与文献报道完全一致,其真核细胞表达载体被成功构建.结论 成功克隆出WWOX基因,并成功构建其真核细胞表达载体.     

脂联素单链抗体基因的克隆及表达

目的 克隆人脂联素单链抗体基因并进行表达。方法提取分泌抗脂联素单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株的总RNA,通过RT-PCR技术,扩增VH和VL,与质粒pUC19载体连接,形成克隆,并对其进行鉴定分析。结果抗体重、轻链可变区扩增拼接后的重、轻链各约为340bp、350bp,基因全长约710bp,将拼接产物插入pUC19质粒中转化大肠杆菌JM109,得到数个克隆,经酶切分析约含710bp片段,与拼接结果基本相同,经测定特异性较好,与其他杂蛋白及载脂蛋白没有交叉反应。结论抗人脂联素单链抗体基因的克隆和表达较为成功。     

大鼠脑源性神经营养因子基因克隆及其真核表达载体的构建

目的 克隆大鼠脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)基因的表达序列,构建大鼠BDNF基因真核表达载体.方法 以RT-PCR从大鼠脑组织总RNA中扩增BDNF cDNA,将其克隆到真核表达载体pcDNA3中构建重组质粒pcDNA3-BN,以限制酶酶切鉴定和DNA序列分析鉴定重组质粒.结果 RT-PCR产物为783bp特异片段,重组质粒酶切后产生783bp和5.2 kb的片段,DNA测序证实783bp片段的碱基序列与大鼠BDNF基因序列完全一致.结论 成功克隆大鼠BDNF基因表达序列并构建了BDNF基因真核表达栽体pcDNA3-BN.     

原癌基因Pokemon的克隆原核表达及纯化

目的克隆小鼠Pokemon(POKeryhroidmyeloidontogenicfactor)基因并进行原核表达及重组蛋白的纯化。方法应用反转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)扩增目的基因片段,克隆人pGEM-T-easy载体,经鉴定后,以限制性核酸内切酶分别消化重组质粒及原核表达载体pET-30a(+),体外定向连接,进行PCR、内切酶酶切及DNA序列分析,阳性重组表达质粒进一步转化到大肠杆菌E.coliBL21(DE3)中诱导表达,经Ni-NTA亲和层析纯化融合蛋白,Westernblotting检测其特异性。结果限制性核酸酶切及序列分析表明重组表达质粒包含Pokemon基因编码区,阅读框架无移位;十二烷基磺酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)显示有预期相对分子质量为36000的重组蛋白表达,经亲和层析纯化后,融合蛋白的纯度达到90%以上;Westernblotting印迹表明纯化的融合蛋白具有特异的免疫反应特性。结论采用基因克隆技术成功构建了Pokemon原核表达载体,并获得了高纯度的重组蛋白,为后期抗体的制备及进一步研究该基因与肿瘤发生的关系奠定了基础。     

人SMYD3基因原核表达载体的构建及在大肠杆菌中的表达

构建人SMYD3基因原核表达载体,并在大肠杆菌中诱导表达。通过PCR方法从重组质粒pcD-NA-SMYD3中扩增得到SMYD3基因,将其克隆入pGEX-6P-1原核表达载体。将重组质粒转化入E.coli Rosetta(DE3)中,以IPTG诱导融合蛋白表达。表达产物用SDS-PAGE及Western blotting分析鉴定。酶切鉴定和测序结果证明成功构建了重组表达载体pGEX-SMYD3。SDS-PAGE及Western blotting鉴定结果表明人SMYD3基因在大肠杆菌中获得了良好的表达。实验成功地构建了SMYD3基因原核表达载体并在大肠杆菌中获得良好表达,为进一步研究SMYD3蛋白功能奠定了基础。     

肿瘤—睾丸基因SSX1的原核表达载体的构建

目的：构建肿瘤-睾丸基因SSX1的原核表达载体,为进一步表达、纯化SSX1蛋白,制备肝癌疫苗奠定基础。方法：行RT-PCR从肝细胞癌组织中扩增CT基因SSX1,将SSX1和pMAL-C2质粒进行BamH Ⅰ和Hind Ⅲ酶切,然后连接并转化大肠杆菌DH5α,最后对重组质粒进行蓝白斑筛选,酶切和测序鉴定。结果：重组表达质粒经鉴定准确无误。结论：成功构建了肿瘤-睾丸基因SSX1的原核表达载体。     

核心蛋白聚糖原核表达体系的构建

目的通过克隆核心蛋白聚糖(decorin,DCN)基因,构建原核表达体系并表达DCN蛋白。方法利用特异引物,通过反转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法扩增编码DCN分子的外显子序列,与表达载体pET-21a(+)重组,构建原核表达体系pET-21a(+)-DCN的重组质粒。经双酶切、测序鉴定基因序列,将重组质粒转入E.coliBL21(DE3)中,用IPTG37℃诱导获得DCN融合蛋白。结果克隆了hDCN基因,成功构建了pET-21a(+)-DCN重组质粒,获得了稳定的pET-21a(+)-DCN原核表达体系,并得到了纯化的融合蛋白。结论建立了pET-21a(+)-DCN稳定的原核表达体系,表达并纯化了DCN。     

hPARP-1基因cDNA翻译起始区域的T载体克隆

目的 克隆及构建含限制性内切酶位点BamHⅠ、SacⅠ的人聚腺苷二磷酸核糖聚合酶-1(hPARP-1)基因cDNA翻译起始区域的pGEM-T-S载体，为以后的亚克隆和毒理学研究提供实验材料。方法 采用RT-PCR方法，用正常人胚肺成纤维细胞(HLF)抽提的总RNA逆转录成cDNA，再以cDNA为模板，扩增hPARP-1基因片段，并直接与T载体连接后转化大肠埃希菌DH5α，用蓝(白)斑试验筛选出阳性克隆，抽提重组质粒并进行PCR及酶切鉴定，再行序列分析。结果 经RT-PCR获得507bp含限制性内切酶位点的阳性产物，T载体克隆、PCR及酶切鉴定和序列分析后证实，克隆片段与Genbank中该基因的序列同源性为99．9％。结论 该实验成功地构建了含hPAR-1基因cDNA翻译起始区域的T载体克隆，为亚克隆及缺陷细胞株的建立提供工具。     

铜绿假单胞菌外排泵MexA蛋白原核表达纯化

目的 构建MexA原核表达载体,并实现MexA原核表达、纯化.方法 从多重耐药的铜绿假单胞菌抽提DNA,经PCR扩增出mexA1基因与PUC18克隆载体连接,PCR、酶切及测序鉴定,再经PCR扩增出mexA基因,酶切纯化后克隆到原核表达载体PQE30,构建重组表达载体PQE30/mexA,PCR及酶切鉴定,IPTG诱导表达,SDS-PAGE、Western blot检测有无蛋白的表达.结果 已获得长约1.5kb PCR产物,酶切结果显示所构建的重组质粒已成功地克隆了mexA基因,序列分析结果与PA01mexA序列相同.SDS-PAGE检测表达产物,在相对分子量40kDa处有表达条带,诱导表达之菌体,超声破碎后,目的蛋白主要以包涵体形式存在.结论 获得mexA基因,并在E.coliM15中成功表达.融合蛋白纯化后作免疫原,为制备多克隆抗体打下基础.     

人TIMP-2基因的克隆及其原核表达

目的 构建人TIMP-2重组表达载体,并在大肠杆菌BL21 (DE3)中表达.方法 提取人肝癌细胞(Hep G2)总RNA后,经RT-PCR扩增获得目的片段,插入克隆载体pMD18-T;酶切鉴定和测序后将TIMP-2导入原核表达载体pGEX-4T-1中,构建重组质粒pGEX-TIMP-2.将重组质粒转化至大肠杆菌菌株BL21 (DE3)中,IPTG诱导融合蛋白表达后用SDS-PAGE电泳检测并用western blot验证(蛋白质印迹法).结果 成功构建原核重组表达载体pGEX-TIMP-2,并在原核宿主BL21中大量表达融合蛋白GST-TIMP-2.结论 克隆人TIMP-2基因并在原核生物中大量表达.     

成骨细胞的功能与损伤和骨质疏松的防治

骨质疏松是一种全身性骨骼疾病,导致骨折风险增加。成人的骨量通过破骨细胞的骨吸收和成骨细胞的骨形成作用来维持动态平衡,治疗骨质疏松症的理想策略是抑制破骨细胞的骨吸收和/或增强成骨细胞的骨形成功能。目前针对保护成骨细胞及增强其功能的骨质疏松疗法相对较少。因此,本文针对成骨细胞相关功能蛋白、各种细胞损伤机制（内质网应激、氧化应激、机械过载、微小RNA和长链非编码RNA的影响等）及骨质疏松的治疗与预防作一综述,以期为针对增强成骨细胞功能的骨质疏松治疗策略提供新思路。     

Comparison of formation of thiolactones and active metabolites of prasugrel and clopidogrel in rats and dogs

1. Prasugrel and clopidogrel are antiplatelet prodrugs that are converted to their respective active metabolites through thiolactone intermediates. Prasugrel is rapidly hydrolysed by esterases to its thiolactone intermediate, while clopidogrel is oxidized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms to its thiolactone. The conversion of both thiolactones to the active metabolites is CYP mediated. This study compared the efficiency, in vivo, of the formation of prasugrel and clopidogrel thiolactones and their active metabolites.

2. The areas under the plasma concentration versus time curve (AUC) of the thiolactone intermediates in the portal vein plasma after an oral dose of prasugrel (1 mg kg^?1) and clopidogrel (0.77 mg kg^?1) were 15.8 ± 15.9 ng h ml^?1 and 0.113 ± 0.226 ng h ml^?1, respectively, in rats, and 454 ± 104 ng h ml^?1 and 23.3 ± 4.3 ng h ml^?1, respectively, in dogs, indicating efficient hydrolysis of prasugrel and little metabolism of clopidogrel to their thiolactones in the intestine.

3. The relative bioavailability of the active metabolites of prasugrel and clopidogrel calculated by the ratio of active metabolite AUC (prodrug oral administration/active metabolite intravenous administration) were 25% and 7%, respectively, in rats, and 25% and 10%, respectively, in dogs.

4. Single intraduodenal administration of prasugrel showed complete conversion of prasugrel, resulting in high concentrations of the thiolactone and active metabolite of prasugrel in rat portal vein plasma, which demonstrates that these products are generated in the intestine during the absorption process.

5. In conclusion, the extent of in vivo formation of the thiolactone and the active metabolite of prasugrel was greater than for clopidogrel’s thiolactone and active metabolite.

     

PTEN和DNA含量与非小细胞肺癌侵袭转移的关系探讨

目的 研究非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)组织中抑癌基因PTEN的表达和DNA含量与NSCLC侵袭、转移的关系.方法 采用免疫组织化学SP方法检测PTEN在78例肺癌标本中的表达,并用流式细胞术检测30例肺癌标本中DNA含量.结果:肺癌标本中PTEN蛋白总缺失率为42.3%,有淋巴结转移组和无淋巴结转移组肺癌表达缺失率分别为52.1%和26.7%(P＜0.05),其表达缺失率随TNM分期增加而上升,分期越晚表达缺失率越高.PTEN缺失率高者生存时间短.DNA指数(DI)的分布范围在1.04～1.93.异倍体肿瘤24例,DI值随TNM分期增加而增加(P＜0.05),与淋巴结转移呈正相关.结论 肺癌组织中PTEN的表达与肺癌淋巴结转移有显著相关性,肺癌细胞DNA含量与肺癌TNM分期及淋巴结转移密切相关.检测PTEN蛋白表达和DNA含量将有助于判断肺癌的转移及预后.     

Whole-body retention of mercury and selenium and histopathological and morphological studies of kidneys and liver of rats exposed repeatedly to mercuric chloride and sodium selenite

Distribution and retention of mercury and selenium was studied in rats exposed repeatedly to HgCl₂ injections (0.5 mg Hg/kg to the tail vein every other day) and intragastrically to Na₂SeO₃ (0.5 mg Se/kg every day), applying combined and separate administration of these metals for 2 weeks. Whole-body retention of mercury in the presence of selenium was augmented by 20% and that of selenium in the presence of mercury by 4% with respect to the administered dose. Combined administration of mercuric chloride and sodium selenite brought about damage to the epithelial cells of renal proximal convolutions and formation of protein casts in their lumen. These changes had the same pattern as those induced by administration of mercuric chloride alone, but the intensity was lower. Submicroscopic studies revealed that repeated combined administration of sodium selenite and mercuric chloride did not completely abolish the mercury-induced mitochondrial swelling and contributed to chromatin destruction in the hepatocyte nuclei.This work was supported by the Section of Medical Sciences of the Polish Academy of Sciences (Agreement 537/VI)     

阿立哌唑与利培酮治疗痴呆精神行为症状的疗效及安全性比较

目的观察阿立哌唑和利培酮治疗老年痴呆精神行为症状的疗效及安全性。方法采用随机对照研究,将具有精神行为症状的痴呆患者68例完全随机分为阿立哌唑组及利培酮组,各34例。阿立哌唑组患者服用阿立哌唑,起始剂量2．5mg／d,最大剂量不超过15mg／d;利培酮组患者口服利培酮,起始剂量0．5mg／d,最大剂量不超过3mg／d。疗程均为8周。治疗前和治疗第2、4、8周末采用痴呆病理分析评定量表（BEHAVE—AD）评定疗效,用副反应量表（TESS）评定不良反应,并于入组时和治疗第8周末分别检测2组患者空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖、TC、TG、LDL—C、HDL—C及体重。结果阿立哌唑组和利培酮组患者治疗2、4、8周后BEHAVE—AD评分均明显低于治疗前[阿立哌唑组：（14．8±4．2）、（10．2±3．6）、（6．8±2．8）分比（16．4±4．6）分;利培酮组：（15．2±3．9）、（11．8±3．8）、（7．2±3．0）分比（17．2±5．O）分,P〈0．05或P〈0．01]。2组患者间治疗前及治疗后BEHAVE—AD评分比较,差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。2组不良反应发生率均为8．8％（3／34）,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。利培酮组治疗8周末体重较治疗前增加明显[（71±6）kg比（66±6）kg,P〈0．05],TG及LDL—C升高[分别为（1．62±0．46）mmol／L比（0．96±0．29）mmol／L．（3．82±0．86）mmol／L比（3．08±0．74）mmol／L,而阿立哌唑组则改变不明显（均P〉0．05）。结论阿立哌唑治疗老年痴呆精神行为症状总体疗效、安全性与利培酮相当,但阿立哌唑对患者血糖、血脂及体重影响小于利培酮。     

阿立哌唑与利培酮治疗自闭症谱系障碍与注意缺陷多动障碍共病患儿的疗效与安全性评价

目的：评价阿立哌唑与利培酮治疗自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）与注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）共病患儿的疗效与安全性。方法：选取在某院精神科治疗的ASD和ADHD共病患儿68例,根据随机数字表法将患儿分为阿立哌唑组（n=34）和利培酮组（n=34）。阿立哌唑组患儿接受起始剂量为5 mg·d^-1的阿立哌唑片口服治疗,最终剂量增加至15 mg·d^-1。利培酮组患儿接受起始剂量为1 mg·d^-1的利培酮片口服治疗,最终剂量增加至2 mg·d^-1;2组患儿均治疗12周。在基线（T₀）、治疗6周（T₁）与12周（T₂）时,采用注意缺陷/多动评定量表（ADHD-RS）评价患儿总体ADHD症状变化情况;采用康纳斯行为评定量表（CRSR）教师用量表多动因子（CRSR-I）评价患儿多动症的改善情况;采用CRSR不注意缺陷-冲动因子（CRSR-H）评价患儿注意力缺陷的改善情况;采用临床整体印象-严重程度量表（CGI-S）及儿童总体评估量表（C-GAS）评分评价患儿整体功能。对患儿的相关临床指标进行常规监测,比较2组患儿药物不良事件与安全性。结果：与T₀时比较,阿立哌唑组患儿T₁与T₂时,ADHD-RS、CRSR-I、CRSR-H与CGI-S评分均显著降低（均P<0.05）,C-GAS评分显著提高（P<0.05）。利培酮组患儿T₂时,ADHD-RS、CRSR-I、CRSR-H与CGI-S评分均显著降低（均P<0.05）,C-GAS评分显著提高（P<0.05）。2组患儿的ADHD症状显著改善,多动症状与不注意缺陷-冲动症状显著改善,患儿的整体功能也显著改善。2组患儿主要的不良事件是食欲增加、体质量增加与嗜睡,但均没有发生严重的不良事件。T₂时,利培酮组患儿催乳素水平显著提高（t=9.619,P<0.001）,其他临床指标没有显著性差异（均P>0.05）。结论：阿立哌唑和利培酮能够通过减少ASD和ADHD共病患儿的注意力涣散和多动症症状来改善患儿整体功能,具有较高的疗效、安全性,值得临床推广应用。     

Correlation of behavioral and neurochemical effects of d- and l-amphetamines

In an attempt to correlate the behavioral and neurochemical effects of d- and l-amphetamines, the time courses of the effects of the two isomers (1 mg/kg; base, i.p.) were studied on spontaneous motor activity (SMA) and stereotyped behavior (ST) as well as on the concentrations of norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), and serotonin (5-HT) in discrete brain areas, such as the caudate nucleus (CN), pons-medulla (PM), and diencephalonmidbrain (DM) in rats. In addition, the dose-response relationship for d-isomer (0.5–2 mg/kg, i.p.) and l-isomer (1–4 mg/kg, i.p.) was also studied on SMA and ST. SMA increased with the dose up to 1.5 mg/kg for d-isomer and up to 3 mg/kg for l-isomer and then decreased, whereas ST increased with the dose for both the isomers. At 1 mg/kg dose, SMA reached its peak during the fourth postdrug 20–minute period for both d- and l-isomers, whereas ST reached its peak during third to fifth 20-minute periods for d-isomer and during the third period for the l-isomer. The d-isomer significantly increased the DA levels in the CN and DM at 30 minutes postdrug, which reached their maximum at 60 minutes, whereas NE levels in the PM had no significant change at 30 minutes, but were significantly reduced in the DM at 30 minutes and in both PM and DM at 60 minutes postdrug; 5-HT levels in the PM and DM showed no significant change. Compared to d-amphetamine, the l-isomer at 30 and 60 minutes postdrug caused more or less similar changes in the NE levels in the DM and PM, whereas it produced less increase in the DA levels in the CN and DM and significant decrease in 5-HT levels in the DM and PM. It appears that the difference in the behavioral effects induced by the two isomers of amphetamine may be due to the difference in their effects on dopaminergic and serotonergic systems.