InP/Si键合界面热应力分析

从理论上分析了键合热应力产生的原因,在此基础上,采用双层条状金属热应力模型讨论InP/Si键合过程中应力的大小及分布情况.结果表明, 由剪切应力和晶片弯矩决定的界面正应力是晶片中心区域大面积键合失败的主要原因,同时InP/Si键合合适的退火温度应该在250～300 ℃.最后在300 ℃退火条件下很好地实现了InP/Si键合,界面几乎没有气泡,有效键合面积超过90%.     

界面热应力对InP/Si键合质量的影响

通过实验和理论计算,分析了InP/Si键合过程中,界面热应力的分布情况、影响键合结果的关键应力因素及退火温度的允许范围。分析结果表明,由剪切应力和晶片弯矩决定的界面正应力是晶片中心区域大面积键合失败的主要原因,为保证良好的键合质量,InP/Si键合退火温度应该在300～350℃范围内选取。具体实验验证表明,该理论计算值与实验结果相一致。最后,在300℃退火条件下,很好地实现了2inInP/Si晶片键合,红外图像显示,界面几乎没有空洞和裂隙存在,有效键合面积超过90%。     

Si/Si直接键合界面性质的研究

通过三步直接键合方法实现了 Si/ Si键合。采用 XPS、FTIR、I-V、拉伸强度等手段对 Si/ Si键合结构的界面特性作了深入广泛的研究。研究结果表明 ,高温退火后 ,在键合界面没有 Si-H和 Si-OH网络存在 ,键合界面主要由单质 Si和不定形氧化硅 Si Ox 组成。同时 ,研究还表明 ,I-V特性和键合强度强烈地依赖于退火温度。     

利用金属过渡层低温键合硅晶片

在Si/Si之间采用Ti/Au金属过渡层,实现了Si/Si低温键合,键合温度可低至414 ℃.采用拉伸强度测试对Si/Si键合结构的界面特性进行测试,结果表明,键合强度高于1.27MPa;I-V测试表明,Si/Ti/Au/Ti/Si键合界面基本为欧姆接触;X射线光电子能谱(XPS)测试结果进一步表明,界面主要为Si-Au共晶合金.不同温度的变温退火实验表明,键合温度越高,键合强度越大,且渐变退火有利于提高键合强度.     

利用金属过渡层低温键合硅晶片

在Si/Si之间采用Ti/Au金属过渡层,实现了Si/Si低温键合,键合温度可低至414 ℃.采用拉伸强度测试对Si/Si键合结构的界面特性进行测试,结果表明,键合强度高于1.27MPa;I-V测试表明,Si/Ti/Au/Ti/Si键合界面基本为欧姆接触;X射线光电子能谱(XPS)测试结果进一步表明,界面主要为Si-Au共晶合金.不同温度的变温退火实验表明,键合温度越高,键合强度越大,且渐变退火有利于提高键合强度.     

基于硫化物表面处理的InP/GaAs低温晶片键合

提出一种新的基于硫化物表面处理的InP/GaAs低温晶片键合技术.在360℃的退火温度下,获得了1.2MPa的键合强度.基于这种低温键合技术,可将外延生长在InP衬底上的In0.53Ga0.47As/InP多量子阱(MQW)键合并转移到GaAs衬底上.X射线衍射表明量子阱的结构未受键合过程的影响.光致发光谱分析表明键合后量子阱的晶体质量略有改善.电流电压特性的测试表明n-InP/n-InP的键合界面具有良好的导电特性;在n-InP/n-GaAs 的键合界面存在着电荷势垒,这主要是由于键合界面存在GaAs氧化物薄层所致.     

Si/Si直接键合界面的FTIR和XPS研究

通过新颖的键合方法实现了Si/Si直接键合.采用傅里叶红外透射谱(FTIR)对Si/Si键合界面进行了研究,结果表明,高温退火样品的界面组分为Si和O,无OH和H网络存在.X射线光电子谱(XPS)测试结果进一步表明,界面主要为单质Si和SiOx混合网络,且随着退火温度的升高,界面层Si-Si直接成键的密度也越高.     

GaAs/InP低温晶片键合的研究

将硫脲溶液用于GaAs/InP基材料低温晶片键合的表面处理工艺,实现了GaAs/InP基材料间简单、无毒性的低温(380 ℃)晶片键合.并通过界面形貌,解理后断裂面,键合强度及键合界面I-V特性对键合晶片进行了分析.     

基于硫化物表面处理的InP/GaAs低温晶片键合

提出一种新的基于硫化物表面处理的InP/GaAs低温晶片键合技术．在360℃的退火温度下，获得了1.2MPa的键合强度．基于这种低温键合技术，可将外延生长在InP衬底上的In0.53Ga0.47As/InP多量子阱（MQW）键合并转移到GaAs衬底上．X射线衍射表明量子阱的结构未受键合过程的影响．光致发光谱分析表明键合后量子阱的晶体质量略有改善．电流电压特性的测试表明n-InP/n-InP的键合界面具有良好的导电特性；在n-InP/n-GaAs的键合界面存在着电荷势垒，这主要是由于键合界面存在GaAs氧化物薄层所致．     

Si/InP材料的应力转化特性分析

InP材料被广泛的应用于光电子领域,但其材料脆、工艺不成熟、成本高,而Si基外延InP材料能良好的改善该技术瓶颈。论文中对不同介质、不同厚度的介质键合制备Si/InP材料进行了分析。其中以SiO2键合制备的Si/InP材料应力转化率最高,且SiO2制备工艺简单、亲水,材料键合强度大,机械特性好,是键合制备Si/InP材料的首选。而且,SiO2键合介质越薄,其应力转化率越高,材料对力学信号就越敏感,制备的Si/InP材料的机械性能越好。     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.     

Curved crystal spectrometer for the measurement of X-ray lines from laser-produced plasmas

In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the ray emitted from a source located at one focus of an ellipse will converge on the other focus by the reflection of the elliptical surface. The focal length and the eccentricity of the ellipse are 1350 mm and 0.9586, respectively. The spectrometer can be used to measure the X- ray lines in the wavelength range of 0.2-0.37 nm, and a LiF crystal （200） （2d = 0.4027 nm） is used as dispersive element covering Bragg angle from 30° to 67.5°. The spectrometer was tested on Shengnang- Ⅱ which can deliver laser energy of 60-80 J/pulse and the laser wavelength is 0.35 μm. Photographs of spectra including the 1 s2p ^1P1-1s^2 ^1S0 resonance line（w）, the 1s2p ^3P2-1s^2 1S0 magnetic quadrupole line（x）, the 1s2p ^3P1-1 s^2 ^1S0 intercombination lines（y）, the 1 s2p ^3S~1-1 s^2 ^1S0 forbidden line（z） in helium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅺ and the 1 s2s2p ^2P3/2-1 s622s ^2S1/2 line（q） in lithium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅹhave been recorded with a X-ray CCD camera. The experimental result shows that the wavelength resolution（λ/△ 2） is above 1000 and the elliptical crystal spectrometer is suitable for X-ray spectroscopy.     

Electronic Structure of Semiconductor Nanocrystals

This paper reviews our recent development of the use of the large-scale pseudopotential method to calculate the electronic structure of semiconductor nanocrystals, such as quantum dots and wires, which often contain tens of thousands of atoms. The calculated size-dependent exciton energies and absorption spectra of quantum dots and wires are in good agreement with experiments. We show that the electronic structure of a nanocrystal can be tuned not only by its size,but also by its shape. Finally,we show that defect properties in quantum dots can be significantly different from those in bulk semiconductors.     

Critical Stage Rule-Based Real Time Dispatch（RTD）System in Highly-Mixed-Products （HMP） FAB

An improving utilization and efficiency of critical equipments in semiconductor wafer fabrication facilities are concerned. Semiconductor manufacturing FAB is one of the most complicated and cost sensitive environments. A good dispatching tool will make big difference in equipment utilization and FAB output as a whole. The equipment in this paper is In-Line DUV Scanner. There are many factors impacting utilization and output on this equipment group. In HMP environment one of the issues is changing of reticule in this area and idle counts due to load unbalance between equipments. Here we'll introduce a rule-based RTD system which aiming at decreasing the number of recipe change and idle counts among a group of scanner equipment in a high-mixed-products FAB.     

GaAsSb/InAlAs PA DHBTs Grown by Production MBE

The epi material growth of GaAsSb based DHBTs with InAlAs emitters are investigated using a 4 × 100mm multi-wafer production Riber 49 MBE reactor fully equipped with real-time in-situ sensors including an absorption band edge spectroscope and an optical-based flux monitor. The state-of-the-art hole mobilities are obtained from 100nm thick carbon-doped GaAsSb. A Sb composition variation of less than ± 0.1 atomic percent across a 4 × 100mm platen configuration has been achieved. The large area InAlAs/GaAsSb/InP DHBT device demonstrates excellent DC characteristics,such as BVCEO＞6V and a DC current gain of 45 at 1kA/cm2 for an emitter size of 50μm × 50μm. The devices have a 40nm thick GaAsSb base with p-doping of 4. 5 × 1019cm-3 . Devices with an emitter size of 4μm × 30μm have a current gain variation less than 2% across the fully processed 100mm wafer. ft and fmax are over 50GHz,with a power efficiency of 50% ,which are comparable to standard power GaAs HBT results. These results demonstrate the potential application of GaAsSb/InP DHBT for power amplifiers and the feasibility of multi-wafer MBE for mass production of GaAsSb-based HBTs.     

Technology innovation and process integrations for sub-100nm gate patterning

This paper presents a brief overview of the Applied Centura(R)DPS(R)system,configured with silicon etch DPS Ⅱ chamber, with emphasis on discussing tuning capability for CD uniformity control. It also presents the studies of etch process chemistry and film integration impact for an overall successful gate patterning development. Discussions will focus on resolutions to key issues, such as CD uniformity, line-edge roughness, and multilayer film etching integration.     

White organic light-emitting devices based on fac tris（2- phenylpyridine） iridium sensitized 5,6,11,12-tetraphenylnap -hthacene

We have fabricated the white organic light-emitting devices （WOLEDs） based on 4,4＇ -bis（2,2 -diphenyl vinyl）-1,1＇ - biphenyl （DPVBi） and phosphorescence sensitized 5,6,11,12,-tetraphenylnaphthacene （rubrene）. The device structure is ITO/2T-NATA （20 nm）/NPBX （20 nm）/CBP： x%Ir（ppy）3：0.5% rubrene （8 nm）/NPBX （5 nm）/DPVBi （30 nm）/Alq（30 nm）/LiF（0.5 nm）/A1. In the devices, DPVBi acts as a blue light-emitting layer, the rubrene is sensitized by a phosphorescent material, fac tris （2-phenylpyridine） iridium [Ir（ppy）3], acts as a yellow light-emitting layer, and N,N＇ -bis- （1-naphthyl）- N,N＇ -diphenyl -1, 1＇ -biphenyl-4,4＇ -diamine （NPBX） acts as a hole transporting and exciton blocker layer, respectively. When the concentration of Ir （PPY）3 is 6wt%, the maximum luminance is 24960 cd/m^2 at an applied voltage of 15 V, and the maximum luminous efficiency is 5.17 cd/A at an applied voltage of 8 V.     

Complete approach to automatic identification and subpixel center location for ellipse feature

To meet the need of automatic image features extraction with high precision in visual inspection, a complete approach to automatic identification and sub-pixel center location for similar-ellipse feature is proposed. In the method, the feature area is identified automatically based on the edge attribute, and the sub-pixel center location is accomplished with the leastsquare algorithm. It shows that the method is valid, practical, and has high precision by experiment. Meanwhile this method can meet the need of instrumentation of visual inspection because of easy realization and without man-machine interaction.     

小角度扩展相关性近似算法分析

本论文提出一种在多天线MIMO信道相关性建模中小角度扩展近似理论算法,并应用于分析MIMO系统性能。分析中分别对三种不同角能量分布情况下的空间相关性研发快速近似计算法,并同时提出双模(Bi-Modal)角能量分布情况下的近似运算。通过分析这些新方法的近似效率,可以得到计算简单、复杂度低、而且符合实际的MIMO相关信道矩阵,对系统级的快速高效计算法的研究和系统级的评估以及误差分析具有重要的意义。     

Noise character analysis and the restraint of self-pulsation laser diodes

We calculate the Langevin noise sources of self-pulsation laser diodes, analyze the effects of active region noise and saturable-absorption region noise on the power fluctuation as well as period fluctuation, and propose a novel method to restrain the noise effects. A visible SIMULINK model is established to simulate the system, The results indicate that the effects of noise in absorption region can be ignored; that with the increase of DC injecting current, the noise effects enhance power jitter, and nevertheless, the period jitter is decreased; and that with external sinusoidal current modulating the self-pulsation laser diode, the noise-induced power jitter and period jitter can be suppressed greatly. This work is valuable for clock recovery in all-optical network.