界面热应力对InP/Si键合质量的影响

通过实验和理论计算,分析了InP/Si键合过程中,界面热应力的分布情况、影响键合结果的关键应力因素及退火温度的允许范围。分析结果表明,由剪切应力和晶片弯矩决定的界面正应力是晶片中心区域大面积键合失败的主要原因,为保证良好的键合质量,InP/Si键合退火温度应该在300～350℃范围内选取。具体实验验证表明,该理论计算值与实验结果相一致。最后,在300℃退火条件下,很好地实现了2inInP/Si晶片键合,红外图像显示,界面几乎没有空洞和裂隙存在,有效键合面积超过90%。     

GaAs/InP的键合界面热应力分析

采用双层条状金属热应力模型,用MATLAB方法对退火过程中GaAs/InP晶片间的应力和双轴弹性形变能进行模拟和分析。结果表明:将InP剪薄至200μm,GaAs剪薄至175μm,剪应力取得了一个相对的小值,而剥离应力更是被完全消除,这时正应力也相对较小。而按照一定的比例适度剪薄两侧晶片的厚度,可以使得两侧的双轴形变能减小到原来的一半以下。通过减薄键合晶片的厚度可以得到较好的键合质量。另外,不管那一种应力都随退火温度的升高而快速增加,所以实验中一定保持低的退火温度,通常小于300°C为宜。     

Si/InP键合界面的研究

应用疏水处理方法成功实现了Si/InP的键合,然后通过对InP和Si的表面XPS能谱分析得到界面信息,从而了解键合机理.I-V曲线也反应了键合界面的性质,通过450、550℃退火样品的伏安特性可知道,对于InP/Si键合结构而言,退火温度与界面特性应该存在最佳值.     

Ⅲ-Ⅴ族半导体晶片键合热应力分析

利用结构力学模型并且结合有限元方法,分析了InP/GaAs晶片键合时界面热应力的分布情况,理论分析结果和有限元结果一致,实验也证实了分析结果.最后详细讨论了减小晶片键合热应力的有关因素,对在热处理时提高晶片的键合质量提供一定的理论参考.     

利用金属过渡层低温键合硅晶片

在Si/Si之间采用Ti/Au金属过渡层,实现了Si/Si低温键合,键合温度可低至414 ℃.采用拉伸强度测试对Si/Si键合结构的界面特性进行测试,结果表明,键合强度高于1.27MPa;I-V测试表明,Si/Ti/Au/Ti/Si键合界面基本为欧姆接触;X射线光电子能谱(XPS)测试结果进一步表明,界面主要为Si-Au共晶合金.不同温度的变温退火实验表明,键合温度越高,键合强度越大,且渐变退火有利于提高键合强度.     

利用金属过渡层低温键合硅晶片

在Si/Si之间采用Ti/Au金属过渡层,实现了Si/Si低温键合,键合温度可低至414 ℃.采用拉伸强度测试对Si/Si键合结构的界面特性进行测试,结果表明,键合强度高于1.27MPa;I-V测试表明,Si/Ti/Au/Ti/Si键合界面基本为欧姆接触;X射线光电子能谱(XPS)测试结果进一步表明,界面主要为Si-Au共晶合金.不同温度的变温退火实验表明,键合温度越高,键合强度越大,且渐变退火有利于提高键合强度.     

InP/GaAs键合热应力的有限元分析

用有限元方法结合ANSYS工具,研究了InP/GaAs键合在退火后的热应力分布图像.重点计算并详细讨论了对解键合有重要作用的界面上的剥离力和剪切力.最后分析了影响热应力大小的有关因素.数值分析结果与相关文献实验结果一致.     

用有限元方法分析Si/GaAs的键合热应力

在考虑材料热膨胀系数随温度变化后,采用有限元方法结合ANSYS软件对Si/GaAs键合热应力进行了分析,研究了普通应力、轴向应力和剪切力的分布云图和沿界面的分布.同时提出了新的键合结构以减小热应力的影响,计算结果证明了该结构的有效性.     

Analysis of Si/GaAs Bonding Stresses with the FiniteElement Method

在考虑材料热膨胀系数随温度变化后，采用有限元方法结合ANSYS软件对Si/GaAs键合热应力进行了分析，研究了普通应力、轴向应力和剪切力的分布云图和沿界面的分布. 同时提出了新的键合结构以减小热应力的影响，计算结果证明了该结构的有效性.     

GaAs/InP低温晶片键合的研究

将硫脲溶液用于GaAs/InP基材料低温晶片键合的表面处理工艺,实现了GaAs/InP基材料间简单、无毒性的低温(380 ℃)晶片键合.并通过界面形貌,解理后断裂面,键合强度及键合界面I-V特性对键合晶片进行了分析.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.     

Curved crystal spectrometer for the measurement of X-ray lines from laser-produced plasmas

In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the ray emitted from a source located at one focus of an ellipse will converge on the other focus by the reflection of the elliptical surface. The focal length and the eccentricity of the ellipse are 1350 mm and 0.9586, respectively. The spectrometer can be used to measure the X- ray lines in the wavelength range of 0.2-0.37 nm, and a LiF crystal （200） （2d = 0.4027 nm） is used as dispersive element covering Bragg angle from 30° to 67.5°. The spectrometer was tested on Shengnang- Ⅱ which can deliver laser energy of 60-80 J/pulse and the laser wavelength is 0.35 μm. Photographs of spectra including the 1 s2p ^1P1-1s^2 ^1S0 resonance line（w）, the 1s2p ^3P2-1s^2 1S0 magnetic quadrupole line（x）, the 1s2p ^3P1-1 s^2 ^1S0 intercombination lines（y）, the 1 s2p ^3S~1-1 s^2 ^1S0 forbidden line（z） in helium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅺ and the 1 s2s2p ^2P3/2-1 s622s ^2S1/2 line（q） in lithium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅹhave been recorded with a X-ray CCD camera. The experimental result shows that the wavelength resolution（λ/△ 2） is above 1000 and the elliptical crystal spectrometer is suitable for X-ray spectroscopy.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Electronic Structure of Semiconductor Nanocrystals

This paper reviews our recent development of the use of the large-scale pseudopotential method to calculate the electronic structure of semiconductor nanocrystals, such as quantum dots and wires, which often contain tens of thousands of atoms. The calculated size-dependent exciton energies and absorption spectra of quantum dots and wires are in good agreement with experiments. We show that the electronic structure of a nanocrystal can be tuned not only by its size,but also by its shape. Finally,we show that defect properties in quantum dots can be significantly different from those in bulk semiconductors.     

Critical Stage Rule-Based Real Time Dispatch（RTD）System in Highly-Mixed-Products （HMP） FAB

An improving utilization and efficiency of critical equipments in semiconductor wafer fabrication facilities are concerned. Semiconductor manufacturing FAB is one of the most complicated and cost sensitive environments. A good dispatching tool will make big difference in equipment utilization and FAB output as a whole. The equipment in this paper is In-Line DUV Scanner. There are many factors impacting utilization and output on this equipment group. In HMP environment one of the issues is changing of reticule in this area and idle counts due to load unbalance between equipments. Here we'll introduce a rule-based RTD system which aiming at decreasing the number of recipe change and idle counts among a group of scanner equipment in a high-mixed-products FAB.     

GaAsSb/InAlAs PA DHBTs Grown by Production MBE

The epi material growth of GaAsSb based DHBTs with InAlAs emitters are investigated using a 4 × 100mm multi-wafer production Riber 49 MBE reactor fully equipped with real-time in-situ sensors including an absorption band edge spectroscope and an optical-based flux monitor. The state-of-the-art hole mobilities are obtained from 100nm thick carbon-doped GaAsSb. A Sb composition variation of less than ± 0.1 atomic percent across a 4 × 100mm platen configuration has been achieved. The large area InAlAs/GaAsSb/InP DHBT device demonstrates excellent DC characteristics,such as BVCEO＞6V and a DC current gain of 45 at 1kA/cm2 for an emitter size of 50μm × 50μm. The devices have a 40nm thick GaAsSb base with p-doping of 4. 5 × 1019cm-3 . Devices with an emitter size of 4μm × 30μm have a current gain variation less than 2% across the fully processed 100mm wafer. ft and fmax are over 50GHz,with a power efficiency of 50% ,which are comparable to standard power GaAs HBT results. These results demonstrate the potential application of GaAsSb/InP DHBT for power amplifiers and the feasibility of multi-wafer MBE for mass production of GaAsSb-based HBTs.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.