马齿苋籽粕蛋白功能性质分析及应用

以马齿苋籽粕蛋白为原料,以持水性等蛋白质功能性质和HLB值为指标,对马齿苋籽粕蛋白的功能性质进行了研究,并考察了马齿苋籽粕蛋白对核桃乳浊液稳定性的影响。结果表明:马齿苋籽粕蛋白的持水性和起泡性均低于大豆分离蛋白,但持油性略高,且乳化性和乳化稳定性远高于大豆分离蛋白;经分析测定马齿苋籽粕蛋白的HLB值为11,其在核桃乳浊液中单独使用的最适添加量为5 mg/g,沉淀率为0.034 g/m L;混合乳化剂的最优配方为,马齿苋籽粕蛋白、Tween-80和Tween-20的质量分数分别为55%、26%和19%,此混合乳化剂最适添加量为4 mg/g。说明马齿苋籽粕蛋白具有一定的乳浊液稳定性。     

樟树籽仁蛋白的组成及功能性质研究

采用以石油醚低温脱脂的樟树籽仁为原料,按照Osborne蛋白分级提取方法对樟树籽仁蛋白进行精细的分类,分别得到了樟树籽仁清蛋白、球蛋白、醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白四种组分,分别占总蛋白的25.64%、23.51%、2.32%和30.14%。在此基础上,研究了各蛋白组分的功能性质,包括溶解性、吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性以及起泡性和起泡稳定性。结果表明,樟树籽仁清蛋白的溶解性、吸水性、乳化性及乳化稳定性和起泡性及其稳定性较好,分别为59.15%、2.5 g/g、72.92%、80%和123%。樟树籽仁球蛋白的吸油性最好,为4.19 g/g。     

牡丹籽蛋白功能特性的研究

研究了牡丹籽蛋白的功能特性,为食品以及饲料行业更好的利用牡丹籽蛋白提供参考。研究结果表明温度为30℃时,牡丹籽蛋白的保水性最好,为3.51 g/g;温度为50℃时,牡丹籽蛋白的吸油性最好,为2.82 g/g;蛋白质量浓度为10 mg/mL时,乳化性和乳化稳定性最好,乳化性为20.1 m~2/g,乳化稳定性为294min;pH为8时,牡丹籽蛋白的乳化性最好,为23.11 m~2/g,pH为7时,蛋白的乳化稳定性最好,为289 min。蛋白质量浓度为70 mg/mL时,牡丹籽蛋白起泡性为61%,pH为7时,起泡性为53%。     

南瓜籽分离蛋白功能性研究

以亚临界流体萃取南瓜籽油后的粕为原料,采用碱溶酸沉法制得南瓜籽分离蛋白,研究南瓜籽分离蛋白的溶解性、持水性、乳化性、起泡性、吸油性等功能特性。结果表明:南瓜籽分离蛋白的等电点为p H 5,在等电点时蛋白质功能特性较差,溶解性最小为4.25%,持水性仅为1.85 g/g,乳化性最弱,乳化性和乳化稳定性分别为52%、38%,起泡性和泡沫稳定性分别为5.77%、33.33%;在强酸和强碱环境中,南瓜籽分离蛋白功能特性较好,溶解性大,达到94.5%,最大持水性为6.33 g/g,最大乳化性和乳化稳定性分别为70%、94%,最大起泡性和泡沫稳定性分别为28.3%、93.33%,最大吸油性为2.33 g/g。     

两种油料蛋白制备及其功能性研究

以脱脂紫苏籽粕和南瓜籽粕为原料,采用碱溶酸沉法分别制备紫苏籽分离蛋白和南瓜籽分离蛋白。结果表明,制备的紫苏籽分离蛋白和南瓜籽分离蛋白中蛋白质含量分别为89.64%和90.39%,氨基酸组成平衡,必需氨基酸组成模式符合FAO/WHO标准。SDS-PAGE显示,紫苏籽分离蛋白和南瓜籽分离蛋白分别由4条、8条带组成。两种分离蛋白与大豆分离蛋白功能性质比较表明,紫苏籽分离蛋白和南瓜籽分离蛋白的溶解性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、起泡性和泡沫稳定性均较好,3种分离蛋白的持水性和持油性相差不大。     

番木瓜籽蛋白质的提取工艺及其功能性质

以番木瓜籽为原料,经脱脂以酸沉碱溶法提取其中的蛋白质,并研究其乳化、起泡等功能性质。结果表明,最佳的提取工艺条件:料液比1∶40,p H为9.3,温度50℃,碱提时间120 min时最高提取率达到48.53%。番木瓜籽蛋白质的乳化性及稳定性随着蛋白质的浓度升高而升高,在p H3时最小,其乳化性在Na Cl浓度为0.2%时最大,而稳定性呈下降趋势;起泡性及稳定性随蛋白浓度升高而升高,在p H3.0,其起泡性和泡沫稳定性最小,在离子浓度(Na Cl)为0.2 mol/L时,其起泡性和泡沫稳定性最高。可见,此提取工艺效果较好,能将部分番木瓜籽蛋白质提取出来;番木瓜籽分离蛋白质乳化性和起泡性良好,这为番木瓜籽蛋白质的开发利用提供参考依据。     

大豆分离蛋白起泡性和乳化性影响因素的研究

大豆分离蛋白的乳化性和起泡性与蛋白质、NaCl、卡拉胶、蔗糖和山梨酸钾含量、pH值、加热温度等密切相关。蛋白质质量浓度分别为2.0g/100mL和2.5g/100mL时,大豆分离蛋白乳化性和起泡性分别达到最大值;远离pH4.5,大豆分离蛋白起泡性和乳化性增加;加热温度45℃时起泡性最好,而乳化性最差;氯化钠、卡拉胶、山梨酸钾添加量分别为1.00g/100mL、0.20g/100mL、0.08g/100mL时,起泡性和乳化性好;添加蔗糖会使蛋白质的起泡性下降,而蔗糖添加量6.0g/100mL时乳化性好。     

扁杏仁分离蛋白与水解蛋白功能性质的比较研究

对扁杏仁水解蛋白与分离蛋白功能性质进行了比较研究,水解蛋白的溶解性、吸水性和吸油性均优于分离蛋白。分离蛋白的起泡性优于水解蛋白,但水解蛋白的泡沫稳定性较好。NaCl及蔗糖对水解蛋白和分离蛋白的乳化能力均有影响,在0.2mol/L的NaCl体系,水解蛋白和分离蛋白的乳化能力最强,分别达到37.04、47.44m/g。蔗糖浓度达到0.4g/L时,水解蛋白和分离蛋白的乳化能力最强,分别为16.74、23.02m/g,分离蛋白的乳化稳定性稍高于水解蛋白。     

响应面法优化牡丹籽粕蛋白提取工艺及其功能性质

以脱脂牡丹籽粕主要原料,在碱溶酸沉法的基础上,采用超声波辅助酶解法提取其中蛋白质。研究超声温度、超声时间、料液比、糖化酶剂量对蛋白质得率的影响,利用响应面法优化牡丹籽粕蛋白质提取工艺条件,并将提取的牡丹籽粕蛋白功能性质与大豆分离蛋白进行对比。结果表明:提取牡丹籽粕蛋白的最佳工艺条件为料液比1∶10 (g/mL)、超声温度50℃、超声时间120 min、糖化酶添加量2%;影响因素大小按顺序排列为超声温度>超声时间>糖化酶剂量>料液比;最优工艺条件下的牡丹籽蛋白质得率为26.65%,其蛋白质含量为91.02%;牡丹籽粕蛋白的持水性、泡沫稳定性和乳化稳定性比大豆分离蛋白强,但其吸油性、乳化性和起泡性弱于大豆蛋白。     

萝卜籽蛋白提取及其功能性质研究

以萝卜籽为原料,用正己烷脱脂得萝卜籽粕,采用碱溶酸沉法对萝卜籽粕中的蛋白质进行提取,并测定其等电点。通过考察料液比、碱溶p H、浸提时间和浸提温度对萝卜籽蛋白提取率的影响,确定最佳的萝卜籽蛋白提取条件,并对所提取的萝卜籽蛋白和大豆分离蛋白进行功能性质的对比。结果表明:萝卜籽蛋白溶解度为84.9%,有很高的营养价值;在料液比1∶20、碱溶p H 9.0、浸提时间120 min、浸提温度50℃的条件下,萝卜籽蛋白提取率为52.3%;萝卜籽蛋白等电点有两个,分别为p H 0.5和p H 4.5;萝卜籽蛋白吸油能力为328.67%,乳化性及乳化稳定性与大豆分离蛋白相近,起泡性及泡沫稳定性较大豆分离蛋白好。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Influence des ions sur le pouvoir hydratant de l'ure e: e tude sur peau de porc ex vivo

This study deals with the influence of ions (NaCl and MgSO4) in a W/O emulsion containing 10% urea. Moisturization kinetics are assessed by corneometry on pig skin ex vivo. The formula's influence on urea penetration is measured by infrared spectrometry with an ATR device and the stripping method. Corneometry and spectroscopy were chosen to record simultaneously the hydratation levels and urea localization into superficial cell layers. Urea crystallization after evaporation of emulsions and aqueous solutions is described. Results show that urea does not hydrate nor penetrate when applied to the skin through an aqueous gel. In a W/O emulsion, sodium chloride increases the ability of urea to moisturize without improving penetration. In vitro urea crystallization is disturbed by sodium chloride or magnesium sulphate for solutions and emulsions. This stabilization by ions is correlated with good moisturization values. The stabilization of urea in the solute state provided by ions increases its water epidermal binding capacity without enhancing penetration.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a