Comprehensive profiling of α-glucosidase inhibitors from the leaves of Rubus suavissimus using an off-line hyphenation of HSCCC,ultrafiltration HPLC-UV-MS and prep-HPLC

The leaves of Rubus suavissimus (also called “Chinese sweet tea”) is used not only as a beverage tea and food additive but also as a folk herbal medicine for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. To systematically investigate its material foundation of efficacy for treating diabetes, herein, a hyphenated strategy by off-line coupling high-speed countercurrent chromatography, ultrafiltration HPLC-UV-MS and prep-HPLC was developed. And thus, α-glucosidase inhibitors from Rubus suavissimus leaves was comprehensively profiled, purified and characterized. As a result, twenty-six compounds were identified as potential α-glucosidase inhibitors and favorably isolated by prep-HPLC. Their structures were identified via UV, MS, and ¹H-NMR. Notably, fourteen compounds, including protocatechuic acid (1), myketin (3), epicatechin (4), vanillic acid (6), apigenin (11), catechin (12), ferulic acid (15), luteolin (16), 3, 3′-di-O-methylellagic acid (17), chlorogenic acid (19), 3, 3′-di-O-methylellagic acid-4′-O-β-D-glucoside (20), cinnamic acid (21), syringate (24) and ethylbrevifolin-carboxylate (25), were reported in leaves of Rubus suavissimus for the first time. In addition, α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of compounds 1–26 were evaluated, and eighteen compounds exhibited stronger α-glucosidase inhibitory activities than acarbose (IC₅₀ value at 214.24 ± 3.48 μg/mL, positive control). The results indicated that the proposed method is a highly efficient strategy for comprehensive profiling and purification of bioactive target compounds, including both major and minor components, from natural products.     

HPLC法同时测定小儿泄泻停颗粒中9种成分

目的建立HPLC法同时测定小儿泄泻停颗粒(羌活、车前子、苍术等)中紫花前胡苷、羌活醇、异欧前胡素、京尼平苷酸、毛蕊花糖苷、异毛蕊花糖苷、苍术素醇、白术内酯Ⅱ、苍术素的含有量。方法该药物甲醇提取液的分析采用Kromasil Eternity C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相乙腈-0.5%冰醋酸,梯度洗脱;体积流量1.0 mL/min;柱温30℃;检测波长254、270、315 nm。结果 9种成分在各自范围内线性关系良好(r≥0.999 1),平均加样回收率96.98%~99.85%,RSD 0.87%~1.57%。结论该方法简便准确,重复性好,可用于小儿泄泻停颗粒的质量控制。     

HPLC法同时测定杜仲平压片中6种成分

目的建立HPLC法同时测定杜仲平压片(杜仲叶)中京尼平苷酸、新绿原酸、绿原酸、隐绿原酸、咖啡酸、芦丁的含有量。方法该药物50%甲醇提取液的分析采用Thermo Hypersil Gold C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相乙腈-0.1%磷酸,梯度洗脱;体积流量1.0 mL/min;柱温35℃;检测波长238、324、354 nm。结果 6种成分在各自范围内线性关系良好(r≥0.999 8),平均加样回收率98.07%~100.34%,RSD 1.03%~1.96%。结论该方法准确可靠,重复性好,可用于杜仲平压片的质量控制。     

不同氢溴酸右美沙芬口服固体制剂的溶出度考察

目的：对6个厂家不同氢溴酸右美沙芬口服固体制剂进行体外溶出度考察，比较体外溶出情况，为临床用药提供参考。方法：采用转篮法，转速100 r·min^-1，用高效液相色谱法测定氢溴酸右美沙芬口服固体制剂在0.1 mol·L^-1盐酸溶液中的溶出曲线；以威布尔方程拟合溶出参数T₅₀、T_d、m，并对参数进行方差分析。结果：氢溴酸右美沙普通片、分散片、胶囊以及软胶囊的平均累积溶出度分别为94.3%、101.3%、105.2%、93.4%。溶出参数T₅₀、T_d差异较大，其中T₅₀最大的是最小的13.4倍。结论：氢溴酸右美沙片、分散片、胶囊以及软胶囊体外溶出行为差别大，产品质量存在较大差异。     

益气养阴合剂中10种有效成分的含量测定

目的：建立同时测定益气养阴合剂中丹参酮ⅡA、丹酚酸A、丹酚酸B、毛蕊异黄酮、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、五味子醇甲、五味子醇乙、五味子甲素、五味子乙素、丹皮酚含量的方法。方法：采用Hedera C₁₈ ODS-2色谱柱（4.6 mm×250 mm，5 μm），以乙腈-0.1%磷酸水溶液梯度为流动相，柱温30℃，流速1.0 mL·min^-1，检测波长215nm。结果：毛蕊异黄酮、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、丹皮酚、五味子醇甲、五味子醇乙、五味子甲素、五味子乙素、丹参酮ⅡA、丹酚酸A、丹酚酸B浓度分别在2.93~62.76（r=0.999 6）、2.53~54.06（r=0.999 9）、2.78~59.64（r=0.999 9）、2.72~58.38（r=0.999 2）、2.79~59.76（r=0.999 6）、2.87~61.44（r=0.999 7）、2.61~63.66（r=0.999 2）、2.28~48.78（r=0.999 6）、2.99~64.08（r=0.999 5）、2.69~57.66（r=0.999 1）范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系，平均回收率在93.23%~100.68%之间。结论：3批样品测定结果表明，建立的方法可以用于同时测定益气养阴合剂中10种成分的含量。     

RP-HPLC法同时测定九味羌活丸、片、颗粒中4种成分

目的建立RP-HPLC法同时测定九味羌活丸、片、颗粒(羌活、防风、苍术等)中羌活醇、阿魏酸、异欧前胡素、紫花前胡苷的含有量。方法 3种药物甲醇提取液的分析采用TechMate C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm);流动相乙腈-0.1%冰醋酸,梯度洗脱;体积流量1.0 mL/min;柱温35℃;检测波长317 nm。结果羌活醇、阿魏酸、异欧前胡素、紫花前胡苷分别在2.944 2~31.768 2μg/mL(r=0.999 8)、1.995 8~19.958 4μg/mL(r=0.999 8)、2.944 2~29.441 8μg/mL(r=0.999 7)、8.215 0~82.150 1μg/mL(r=0.999 7)范围内线性关系良好,平均加样回收率分别为94.9%、93.9%、91.2%、101.1%,RSD分别为0.9%、1.2%、1.4%、1.0%。结论该方法准确可靠,可用于九味羌活丸、片、颗粒的质量控制。     

经典名方泽泻汤的HPLC指纹图谱及多指标含量测定研究

目的建立经典名方泽泻汤的HPLC指纹图谱,结合化学模式识别技术对其进行分析,并测定泽泻汤中3种成分23-乙酰泽泻醇B、23-乙酰泽泻醇C和白术内酯Ⅲ的含量,为泽泻汤质量控制提供科学依据。方法采用Waters WAT054275C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),以乙腈-水为流动相进行梯度洗脱,建立15批泽泻汤的HPLC指纹图谱,并采用"中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统"、SPSS22.0及SIMCA14.1软件对15批泽泻汤的HPLC指纹图谱进行相似度评价及聚类分析(CA)、偏最小二乘判别分析(PLS-DA)等化学模式识别。同时测定23-乙酰泽泻醇B、23-乙酰泽泻醇C和白术内酯Ⅲ的含量。结果建立了15批泽泻汤的HPLC指纹图谱,相似度均0.94,标定了18个共有峰,指认出3个色谱峰,分别为11号峰白术内酯Ⅲ、15号峰23-乙酰泽泻醇C、16号峰23-乙酰泽泻醇B,CA和PLS-DA将15批泽泻汤样品分为2类,同时15批泽泻汤中23-乙酰泽泻醇B、23-乙酰泽泻醇C和白术内酯Ⅲ的质量分数分别为0.321～0.569、0.075～0.139、0.106～0.142 mg/g。结论 HPLC指纹图谱结合多成分同时测定的方法,快速、简便、重复性好,为泽泻汤及其制剂的质量评价提供参考。     

Pyridostigmine bromide and its relation to Gulf War illness

Abstract

Pyridostigmine bromide acts as a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor that is used at relatively high doses in treatment of Myasthenia gravis and in low dose regimens as prophylaxis against nerve agents poisoning during the Gulf War. The manifestation of late nonspecific symptoms commonly called Gulf War illness has led to the discussion about the role of pyridostigmine bromide in the pathogenesis of this illness. In our study, we described plasma absorption profile of pyridostigmine bromide after p.o. administration in rats; subsequently, changes in blood biochemical and oxidative stress markers were measured. Pyridostigmine bromide was applied p.o. at the dose of 5.82?mg/kg b.w. according to the previously published recommendations. The absorption of pyridostigmine was relatively fast; the C_max in plasma was 110.20?±?15.12?ng/ml at T_max of 197.12?±?17.14?min. The bioavailability expressed as AUC_total was 44,348?±?7608?min ng/ml. The prolongation of pyridostigmine in circulation is in agreement with relatively long half-life that was 179.00?±?28.54?min. Several blood biochemical markers were altered, including glucose, creatinine, creatine kinase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, interleukin-6, triglycerides, and cholesterol. However, the changes could be considered as mild. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and ferric reducing ability of plasma indicate suppression of basal metabolism. The results of blood biochemical and oxidative stress markers imply that long-term use might possibly change the basal metabolism and cause cellular damage with inflammatory changes.     

车前子酒炙工艺优选及其不同炮制品对比研究

[目的] 优选酒炙车前子的最佳炮制工艺，并对车前子生品、酒炙品、盐炙品进行对比研究。[方法] 以车前子中京尼平苷酸和毛蕊花糖苷的含量为考察指标，选择加酒量、闷润时间、炒制温度、炒制时间为考察因素，通过单因素实验优选车前子的最佳酒炙工艺。采用高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器（HPLC-DAD）建立车前子水提液指纹图谱测定方法，通过指标成分含量、不同炮制品水提液的出膏率及指纹图谱相似度分析不同炮制品间的差异。[结果] 酒炙车前子的最佳炮制工艺为每100 g车前子加黄酒10 g，闷润60 min，150℃下炒制9 min。经盐炙和酒炙后，车前子中的京尼平苷酸和毛蕊花糖苷的含量均较生品显著增加，而两种炮制品并无统计学差异；在出膏率方面，盐炙和酒炙车前子的出膏率无明显差异，但均高于生车前子。高效液相色谱（HPLC）指纹图谱显示车前子生品、盐炙品和酒炙品具有很好的相似度。[结论] 优选出的车前子酒炙工艺稳定可行，并与盐车前子在成分上具有一致性，鉴于酒车前子已不再流通，在经典名方的开发研究中，可考虑用现行通用的盐车前子取代。