阿柔比星A聚乳酸毫微粒冻干针剂的研制及体外药物释放规律的研究

研究阿柔比星Ａ聚乳酸毫微粒（ＡＣＲＢ－Ａ－ＰＬＡ－ＮＰ）冻干针剂的制备,并对其体外释药进行考察。根据低共熔点测定结果,以及外观、色泽、再分散性等质量参数为指标,制备出ＡＣＲＢ－Ａ－ＰＬＡ－ＮＰ冻干针剂,采用动脉透析法研究其体个释放规律。结果,制得的ＡＣＲＢ－ＡＰＬＡ－ＮＰ冻干针剂色泽均匀,再分散性良好。其体外释药可用３种方式表达。提示ＡＣＲＢ－Ａ－ＰＬＡ－ＮＰ冻干针剂有明显的缓释特征。     

米托蒽醌聚乳酸缓释毫微粒冻干针剂在动物体内的靶向性研究

目的：比较肝靶向米托蒽醌聚乳酸缓释毫微粒（ＤＨＡＱ－ＰＬＡ－ＮＰ）冻干针剂和ＤＨＡＱ水针剂在小鼠体内的分布规律,验证前者的肝靶向性。方法：采用ＨＰＬＣ法测定静注ＤＨＡＱ－ＰＬＡ－ＮＰ和ＤＨＡＱ水针剂后小鼠血液、心、肝、脾、肺、肾的药物浓度,由此计算各器官的相对百分含量。结果：ＤＨＡＱ－ＰＬＡ－ＮＰ冻干针剂在肝脏的分布明显高于ＤＨＡＱ水针剂,在其它器官中的含量则低于水针剂,给药２４小时后药物在肝中的     

万乃洛韦毫微粒对肝脏和肝细胞胞内靶向性的研究

目的：测定静注万乃洛韦聚氰基丙烯酸正丁酯毫微粒（ＶＡＣＶＰＢＣＡＮＰ）冻干剂和万乃洛韦小鼠体内的分布。方法：用体外肝细胞培养及摄取实验研究ＶＡＣＶＰＢＣＡＮＰ对肝细胞的胞内靶向性。结果：ＶＡＣＶＰＢＣＡＮＰ静注后１５ｍｉｎ即有７４．４９％的ＶＡＣＶ集中在肝脏，比ＶＡＣＶ注射液提高了２．９９倍，肾脏分布量降低了５．４６倍。结论：ＶＡＣＶ制成毫微粒后可明显增加肝细胞的摄取量     

阿柔比星A聚乳酸毫微粒冻干针剂小鼠体内分布研究

对阿柔比星Ａ冻干针剂与阿柔比星Ａ聚乳酸毫微粒冻干针剂给予小鼠尾静脉注射后体内分布比较，采用ＨＯＬＣ法分别测定小鼠给药后血液及主要脏器中ＡＣＲＢ０Ａ浓度。结果阿柔比星Ａ聚乳酸毫微粒在小鼠肝脏中的浓度高于对照品浓度。     

阿克拉霉素A毫微囊制备工艺及抑瘤试验

本文以氰基丙烯酸正丁酯（ＢＣＡ）为囊材制备了阿克拉霉素Ａ毫微囊（ＡＣＭ－Ａ－ＮＣ），利用均匀设计方案选出了较佳处方，加冻干赋型剂制得了阿克拉霉素Ａ毫微囊冻干品，冻干前后的平均粒经分别为（１２０±３４）ｎｍ和（１４６±３３）ｎｍ，应用凝胶过滤色谱法得阿克拉霉素Ａ的包封率为４７．６％，并进行了ＡＣＭ－Ａ－ＮＣ的ＬＤ５０测定以及对Ｓ１８０肉瘤，Ｐ３８８白血病的抑瘤实验，结果表明，ＡＣＮ－Ａ－ＮＣ降低了ＡＣＭ－Ａ的毒性，其抗癌活性也有所改善。     

阿克拉霉素A毫微囊制备工艺及抑瘤试验

本文以氰基丙烯酸正丁酯（ＢＣＡ）为囊材制备了阿克拉霉素Ａ毫微囊（ＡＣＭ－Ａ－ＮＣ），利用均匀设计方案选出了较佳处方，加冻干赋型剂制得了阿克拉霉素Ａ毫微囊冻干品，冻干前后的平均粒经分别为（１２０±３４）ｎｍ和（１４６±３３）ｎｍ，应用凝胶过滤色谱法得阿克拉霉素Ａ的包封率为４７．６％，并进行了ＡＣＭ－Ａ－ＮＣ的ＬＤ５０测定以及对Ｓ１８０肉瘤，Ｐ３８８白血病的抑瘤实验，结果表明，ＡＣＮ－Ａ－ＮＣ降低了Ａ     

米托蒽醌聚乳酸缓释毫微粒冻干针剂的体外释药特性研究

选择含1％维生素C的生理盐水作释药介质，用动态透析系统和分光光度法考察了不同分子量聚乳酸毫微粒冻干针剂的体外释药特性。高分子量聚乳酸毫微粒的释药速度明显慢于低分子量的聚乳酸毫微粒。通过选择适宜分子量的聚乳酸制备毫微粒可控制其释药速度。     

米托蒽醌聚乳酸缓释毫微粒冻干针剂的体外释药物特性研究

选择含１％维生素Ｃ的生理盐水作释药介质，用动态透析系统和分光光度法考察了不同分子量聚乳酸毫微粒冻干针剂的体外释药特性。分离子量聚乳酸毫微粒的释药速度明显慢于低分子量的聚乳酸毫微粒。通过选择适应分子量的聚乳酸制备毫微粒可控制其释药速度。     

吡喹酮在诱导和未诱导大鼠肝微粒体内的羟化代谢概貌及其羟化物的质谱鉴定

用细胞色素Ｐ４５０（Ｐ４５０）特异诱导剂研究参与吡喹酮（ＰＱＴ）代谢的Ｐ４５０同工酶，在未诱导肝微粒体内，ＰＱＴ代谢仅生成其Ｄ环单羟化物．在β－萘黄酮诱导肝微粒体内，ＰＱＴ代谢后也生成其Ｄ环单羟化物．ＰＱＴ在苯巴比妥诱导的肝微粒体内代谢生成Ｄ环，Ｂ环和Ａ环三个单羟化物．在地塞米松和红霉素诱导的肝微粒体内，ＰＱＴ代谢生成七个代谢产物．结果表明参与ＰＱＴ分子羟化的Ｐ４５０同工酶至少包括ＣＹＰ１Ａ，ＣＹＰ２Ｂ和ＣＹＰ３Ａ亚家族，每个亚家族代谢ＰＱＴ的概貌各不相同，ＣＹＰ３Ａ优先羟化Ａ环，ＣＹＰ２Ｂ优先羟化Ｄ环和Ｂ环，ＣＹＰ１Ａ则几乎仅羟化Ｄ环．     

吡喹酮对映异构体在诱导和未诱导大鼠肝微粒体内代谢的立体选择性

吡喹酮（ＰＱＴ）对映异构体在未诱导大鼠肝微粒体内仅（－）ＰＱＴ生成一个主要代谢产物－ＲｉｎｇＤ－ＯＨ，而在β－萘黄酮（β－ＮＦ）诱导的大鼠肝微粒体内两者均生成ＲｉｎｇＤ－ＯＨ．（＋）ＰＱＴ在苯巴比妥（ＰＢ）诱导的肝微粒体内可生成三个主要代谢物，即ＲｉｎｇＤ－ＯＨ，ＲｉｎｇＢ－ＯＨ和ＲｉｎｇＡ－ＯＨ，而（－）ＰＱＴ仅生成ＲｉｎｇＤ－ＯＨ和ＲｉｎｇＡ－ＯＨ．在地塞米松（ＤＥＸ）诱导的大鼠肝微粒体内，ＰＱＴ对映异构体代谢后生成四个主要产物，除ＲｉｎｇＤ－ＯＨ，ＲｉｎｇＢ－ＯＨ和ＲｉｎｇＡ－ＯＨ外，尚有ＲｉｎｇＤ，Ｂ－２ＯＨ．ＰＱＴ对映异构体无论在β－ＮＦ，ＰＢ或ＤＥＸ诱导的肝微粒体内，ＲｉｎｇＤ－ＯＨ的生成速率均为（－）ＰＱＴ大于（＋）ＰＱＴ，ＲｉｎｇＢ－ＯＨ和ＲｉｎｇＡ－ＯＨ的生成均为（＋）ＰＱＴ较（－）ＰＱＴ优先被羟化．本实验结果表明，β－ＮＦ，ＰＢ和ＤＥＸ所诱导的ＣＹＰ１Ａ，ＣＹＰ２Ｂ和ＣＹＰ３Ａ及未诱导Ｐ４５０代谢ＰＱＴ对映异构体表现出完全的或部分的立体选择性．     

注射用多西他赛脂质体的制备及其体内外评价

 目的：制备多西他赛脂质体,对其体内外性质进行评价。方法：采用改良薄膜分散法结合冷冻干燥工艺制备多西他赛脂质体冻干粉;用激光粒度仪考察了脂质体的粒径分布和Zeta电位;超滤法测定了包封率;以市售多西他赛注射液为对照,比较体外释放、大鼠骨髓抑制和裸鼠体内肿瘤抑制情况。结果：多西他赛脂质体平均粒径为92 nm,Zeta电位为-52.3 mV,包封率＞95%,24 h累积释放率为84.1%;相同剂量下,多西他赛脂质体比多西他赛注射液的骨髓抑制作用降低,但二者对HT-29移植瘤的抑制作用相同。结论：本实验所制备的多西他赛脂质体包封率较高、稳定性较好;与多西他赛注射液相比,毒性较低,同时具有相同的抗肿瘤效力。      

注射用胶原蛋白酶免疫结合物的制备

目的：制备注射用胶原蛋白酶免疫结合物。方法：采用水溶性碳二亚胺法制备胶原蛋白酶免疫结合物，将胶原蛋白酶与牛血清白蛋白交联后再连接抗胶原蛋白单克隆抗体．使胶原蛋白酶具有对血栓的主动靶向性。冷冻干燥法制备注射用胶原蛋白酶免疫结合物。结果：所制得的注射用胶原蛋白酶免疫结合物为淡黄色固体．无塌陷的疏松整块．表面细腻，再分散性良好。结论：胶原蛋白酶免疫结合物的制备方法可行。     

去氢骆驼蓬碱脂质体冻干剂粉的制备工艺优选

目的:制备含有不同冻干保护剂的N-三甲基壳聚糖(TMC)包衣去氢骆驼蓬碱脂质体(TMC-HM-LP)的冻干粉,并筛选其最佳制备工艺。方法:用"薄膜分散-pH梯度法"制备去氢骆驼蓬碱脂质体,并采用孵育包衣法、低温高速离心法和结合高效液相色谱(HPLC)定量方法测定其包衣脂质体的包封率;以其冻干粉的外观在冻干前和复溶后脂质体的粒径、包封率作为对比指标,优选出最佳的冻干工艺以及冻干保护剂的种类及比例。结果:以葡萄糖-乳糖-甘露醇(2:1:0.5)作为冻干保护剂,通过"分步预冻"的方法和-80℃冷冻干燥技术得到的TMC-HM-LP外观良好,冻干前后粒径和包封率变化较小。结论:采用冷冻干燥技术并结合冻干保护剂的优选,可显著提高包衣脂质体的稳定性。     

尼莫地平前体脂质体的制备及其质量评价

目的制备尼莫地平前体脂质体,并进行质量评价,以期得到高效、低毒和稳定的尼莫地平新剂型。方法采用叔丁醇-水共溶剂冻干法制备尼莫地平前体脂质体,考察了影响药物包封率的因素,并对重建脂质体的药物含量、包封率、粒径、Zeta电位、溶血性及稳定性进行考察。结果磷脂浓度、表面电荷是影响尼莫地平脂质体包封率的主要因素。尼莫地平脂质体包封率大于98%,平均粒径为57 nm,Zeta电位小于-20 mV,无溶血性,稳定性好。结论采用叔丁醇水共溶剂冻干法获得了高包封率、粒径均一、无溶血性、稳定的尼莫地平前体脂质体制剂,可用于静脉注射给药。     

芹菜素囊泡的制备及理化性质考察

目的筛选合适的非离子表面活性剂,制备芹菜素囊泡,并考察其体外理化性质和冻干工艺。方法采用Tween80和Myrij52为成囊材料,建立了乙醇注入法制备芹菜素囊泡的制备工艺;采用微柱离心法测定芹菜素囊泡的包封率,并考察不同处方因素对包封率的影响;经正交设计得到最优处方;对囊泡的粒径、外观、稳定性等理化性质及体外释放行为进行研究,分别以外观、粒径和渗漏率为指标对冻干工艺进行初步考察。结果乙醇注入法获得囊泡包封率为(69.48±2.5)%,平均粒径为(148±5.03)nm,透射电镜下观察显示呈类球形,4℃下密封保存3个月包封率为(54.25±3.7)%、渗漏率为21.9%,在pH值为7.4的磷酸盐缓冲液中体外释药行为符合一级动力学方程。以葡萄糖和甘露醇(质量比1∶1)为冻干保护剂,预冻时间为3 h,干燥时间为30 h。结论该制剂制备方法简单,制备的囊泡包封率较高,粒径较小,体外具有明显的缓释作用,冻干制剂外观饱满,粒径和包封率变化较小,可以明显提高囊泡的体外稳定性。     

Injectable nimodipine-loaded nanoliposomes: preparation, lyophilization and characteristics

The main purpose of this study was to prepare nimodipine-loaded nanoliposomes for injection and evaluate their characteristics after lyophilization. Nimodipine-loaded nanoliposomes were prepared by the emulsion-ultrasonic method with sodium cholesterol sulfate (SCS) as the regulator and then lyophilized by adding different cryoprotectants. SCS was used as a blender of regulator and surfactant and helped to prepare smaller liposomes due to the steric hindrance of the sulfate group. The results showed that nimodipine-loaded nanoliposomes with a 20:1 of egg yolk lecithin PL-100M vs. SCS ratio had a particle size of 86.8±42.007 nm, a zeta potential of -13.94 mV and an entrapment efficiency (EE) of 94.34% and could be stored for 12 days at 25°C. Because of the good bulking effect of mannitol and the preservative effect of trehalose, they were used to obtain suitable lyophilized nanoliposomes. The lyophiles containing 10% mannitol and 20% trehalose had a good appearance and a slightly altered particle size after rehydration. In addition, the lyophilized products were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, which confirmed the morphous state of trehalose, mannitol and the mixture. Trehalose could inhibit mannitol crystallization to some extent. The drug release from nanoliposomes before and after lyophilization in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer containing 30% ethanol was also examined and both profiles were found to fit the Viswanathan equation. This means that the drug release was controlled by the pore diffusion resistance.     

米托蒽醌聚乳酸缓释毫微粒针剂的制备

在单因素实验的基础上用均匀设计优化了米托蒽醌聚乳酸缓释微粒的制备方法。空白和载药微粒的平均粒径分别为１２９．９６和１３３．１５ｎｍ;包封率为９９．２３％;载药量为１３．５６％;制备收率为９９．３％。以乳和支架剂制得的冻干针剂外型美观、理化性质稳定,再分散后平均粒径为１５２．０２ｎｍ。用动态透析系统考察了不同分子量聚乳酸毫微粒冻干针剂的体外释药特性,结果显示高分子量聚乳酸微粒的释药速度明显慢于低分子     

载基因纳米阳离子脂质体前体制剂的制备及性质研究

目的:制备稳定的载反义寡核苷酸的阳离子脂质体前体制剂。方法:以磷脂-二油酰磷脂酰乙醇胺(dioleoylphophatidylethanolamine,DOPE)-十八胺-胆固醇为类脂成分,采用薄膜超声-挤压制备空白阳离子脂质体,吸附-冷冻干燥法制备载反义寡核苷酸阳离子脂质体前体。激光粒度仪测定冷冻干燥前后脂质体Zeta电位及粒径,透射电镜观察其形态,葡聚糖凝胶柱分离未包封的反义寡核苷酸,紫外法测定冻干前后的载药率。结果:海藻糖与甘露醇及甘氨酸为较好的冻干保护剂,制得的阳离子脂质体前体带正电荷,规则球形,大小较均匀,海藻糖作为保护剂复溶前后平均粒径为175和320 nm左右,复融前后Zeta电位值在+32和+40 mV左右,脂质体的载药率复溶前后分别为87.6%与83.21%。结论:海藻糖作为冻干保护剂,薄膜超声挤压法与冷冻干燥法结合,可成功制备反义寡核苷酸阳离子脂质体前体制剂,稳定性大大改善。     

Characteristics and evaluation of an injectable clarithromycin lipid-based complex in vitro and in vivo

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to prepare a less-irritating and lipid-based clarithromycin complex (LCC) by the route of intravenous administration qualified with high drug-loading and fine particle size. The LCC was prepared by the injection of organic solvent phase (containing clarithromycin, sodium cholesterol sulfate and phospholipid at a molar ratio of 1:1:1.5) into the Tris buffer solution (0.05?M, pH 7.2) at 40?°C, and then was concentrated by ultrafiltration to remove the organic solvent. The technique of lyophilization was applied to obtain the LCC lyophilized products. Evaluation of the injectable LCC was performed by particle sizes analysis, transmission electron microscope, entrapment efficiency, stability and irritation tests. The LCC possessed a log-normal size distribution with an average size of 75.4?nm. The drug entrapment efficiency was above 97.0%, which was influenced by the amount of phospholipid, pH value of the media and ionic strength of aqueous suspension. The results of stability and irritation tests proved that LCC had more stability and less irritation. This unique LCC formulation may be applied to the human by the route of injection with less or no irritation. LCC could be an appropriate candidate for intravenous preparation and has a great potential for clinical and industrial-scale production.     

冷冻干燥法制备丹参酮IIA纳米脂质体

目的:用大豆卵磷脂作为载体制备丹参酮IIA納米脂质体。方法:用超声-匀浆-冷冻干燥法制备丹参酮IIA納米脂质体。采用透射电镜测试丹参酮IIA脂质体的粒径,用激光粒度分布仪测试平均粒径及粒度分布。结果:冷冻干燥法制备丹参酮IIA納米脂质体的粒径25~117nm之间。随着大豆卵磷脂与丹参酮IIA配比的减小,粒径逐渐减小,包封率逐渐减小。体外释药表现为零级动力学释药特征。结论:用超声-匀浆-冷冻干燥法制备丹参酮IIA納米脂质体的方法可行。