米非司酮联合三氧化二砷对K562/ADM的逆转作用及其机制

目的:探讨米非司酮(mifepristone)联合三氧化二砷(As2O3)对K562/ADM的逆转作用及机制研究。方法:不同浓度米非司酮、As2O3处理细胞72h,采用MTT法检测细胞增殖活性;流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡、分光光度法检测细胞谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量。结果:10μmol.L-1的米非司酮对K562/ADM细胞无明显杀伤,可有效逆转K562/ADM细胞耐药性,此浓度米非司酮联合As2O3(2.0μmol.L-1)作用于K562/ADM细胞后,逆转倍数明显增高(P<0.01),GSH含量明显低于同浓度单用药组(P<0.05)。对细胞增殖抑制及其诱导凋亡的效果均明显高于同浓度单用药组(P<0.05)。结论:米非司酮联合As2O3逆转作用增强,机制可能与凋亡加强及GSH含量改变有关。     

As2O3诱导K562细胞凋亡过程中细胞表面电荷变化的研究

目的 :研究三氧化二砷 (As2 O3 )诱导K562 细胞凋亡时细胞表面电荷的变化 ,阐明As2 O3 诱导K562 细胞凋亡的可能机制 ,为As2 O3 在临床上的应用提供理论依据。方法 :应用细胞电泳仪检测As2 O3 诱导K562 细胞凋亡中细胞电泳率的变化。通过细胞增殖、活力检测 ,形态学观察 ,亚G1期细胞含量和DNA凝胶电泳等鉴定细胞凋亡。结果 :1.0～ 2 0 μmol·L-1As2 O3 作用于K562 细胞 ,在细胞形态、DNA凝胶电泳、FCM显示出典型的细胞凋亡特征之前 ,试验组细胞表面电荷已在 1.6h左右开始下降 ,6h内降低最明显 ,6h后虽有下降 ,但幅度明显减弱。与对照组比较 ,低于 1.0 μmol·L-1的As2 O3 对细胞表面电荷影响不大。结论 :细胞表面电荷的下降是K562 细胞凋亡的早期事件。细胞表面电荷的下降有一定的时间范围 ,超过此范围 ,细胞表面电荷下降趋向无限大。     

三氧化二砷通过JNK信号通路诱导K562细胞凋亡

目的:探讨c-Jun氨基末端激酶(JNK)信号通路在三氧化二砷(As2O3)诱导K562细胞凋亡中的作用及机制。方法:体外培养K562细胞,用As2O3及特异性JNK抑制剂SP600125对K562细胞进行处理;倒置相差显微镜下观察细胞形态学变化;MTT法检测不同时间点细胞增殖抑制率;AnnexinV/PI染色结合流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率;ELISA检测p-JNK蛋白表达的变化;流式细胞术检测突变型P53表达。结果:ELISA显示4μmol/LAs2O3作用48h后p-JNK蛋白表达增强,经SP600125预处理后,As2O3诱导的K562细胞p-JNK蛋白表达明显减弱(P<0.01),As2O3诱导的细胞增殖抑制率和细胞凋亡率均下降,与As2O3单作用组相比突变型P53表达增加(P<0.05)。结论:JNK信号转导通路在As2O3诱导K562细胞凋亡过程中发挥重要作用,是As2O3诱导K562细胞凋亡的主要途径之一。     

二甲氧雌二醇诱导K562细胞凋亡作用及其凋亡机制

目的 研究二甲氧雌二醇(2-ME)对人白血病细胞K562细胞的增殖、凋亡作用及其机制.方法 分别以不同浓度的2-ME处理白血病细胞K562,应用Annexin Ⅴ和PI双染的流式细胞术检测K562细胞凋亡率,应用比色法测定caspase-3及caspase-9的活性变化,应用凝胶蛋白电泳迁移率分析法EMSA检测K562细胞核内NF-KB蛋白的结合活性变化情况.结果 2-ME浓度升高,细胞凋亡率明显增加(P＜0.01);当2-ME浓度为8μmol/L时,细胞凋亡率达64.3％;4μmol/L,2-ME作用K562细胞24h、36h、48 h后Caspase-3、Caspase-9活性明显升高.同时K562细胞核内NF-kappa B的DNA结合活性明显降低(P＜0.05).结论 2 -ME可显著抑制人白血病细胞K562增殖并诱导其凋亡,其机制与Caspase-3、-9活化及NF-kappa B蛋白信号通路有关.     

三氧化二砷对人胃癌细胞凋亡的作用及对肺耐药蛋白表达的影响

目的 研究亚砷酸(As2O3)对人胃癌细胞株MGC803的凋亡诱导作用及对肺耐药蛋白基因(LRP)表达的影响.方法 选用人胃癌MGC803细胞系,运用体外细胞培养法,流式细胞术检测As2O3对人胃癌细胞的诱导凋亡作用;用逆转录-聚合酶链反应方法检测LRP的表达情况.结果 不同浓度的As2O3均可诱导凋亡.1.0、2.0 μmol·L-1的As2O3,可下调LRP的表达.结论 As2O3具有诱导胃癌细胞凋亡的作用,适当的浓度可下调LRP的表达.     

三氧化二砷联合木黄酮抑制CML细胞增殖的研究

目的　探索三氧化二砷 (As2 O3)联合酪氨酸激酶抑制剂木黄酮抑制慢性粒细胞性白血病 (CML)细胞增殖的效应及可能机制 ,为临床应用提供理论依据。方法　以CML细胞系K5 6 2为模型 ,通过细胞增殖检测、形态学观察、肿瘤集落形成和琼脂糖凝胶电泳手段 ,观察比较As2 O3 与木黄酮对CML细胞的增殖抑制效应。结果　经≥ 2 5 μmol/LAs2 O3 和 5mg/L木黄酮处理 2天后的K5 6 2细胞可出现增殖受抑和凋亡的形态学改变及DNA片段化 ,二者具有协同抑制作用。结论　As2 O3 与木黄酮能分别或协同抑制K5 6 2细胞生长 ,机制与诱导细胞凋亡有关     

三氧化二砷对HL-60细胞凋亡及其端粒酶hTERT-mRNA表达影响的实验研究

目的　探讨不同浓度的三氧化二砷 (As2 O3)对急性早幼粒细胞白血病细胞株HL 60细胞端粒酶亚单位hTERT mRNA表达及其诱导凋亡的作用。方法　不同浓度的As2 O3与HL 60细胞株共培养 48h ,流式细胞术鉴定HL 60细胞凋亡 ;RT PCR法检测HL 60细胞端粒酶亚单位hTERTmRNA的表达。结果　在 0 1、1 0和 5 0 μmol·L-13种浓度的As2 O3作用下 ,HL 60细胞凋亡率分别为 2 2 8%± 0 40 %、2 5 5 %± 0 2 2 %和 47 5 7%± 2 79% ;端粒酶亚单位hTERT mRNA表达的相对值分别为 73 97%、63 70 %和 2 9 0 4%。细胞凋亡率在 5 0 μmol·L-1与 0 1和 1 0μmol·L-1浓度组间差异有显著性 (P <0 0 1) ;端粒酶亚单位表达的差异也有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。As2 O3诱导HL 60细胞凋亡效应与其抑制端粒酶亚单位hTERTmRNA的表达相关。结论　As2 O3对HL 60细胞具有凋亡诱导效应 ,且对其端粒酶亚单位hTERTmRNA的表达具有抑制作用 ,两者均呈现浓度依赖效应。As2 O3可能通过抑制HL 60细胞端粒酶亚单位hTERTmRNA的表达而诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡     

三氧化二砷诱导粒细胞性白血病原代细胞凋亡的研究

目的：探讨三氧化二砷（As2O3)对慢性粒细胞性白血病（CML）慢性期原代细胞生长的影响。方法：通过细胞增殖,活力检测,形态学观察,粒系髓系集落形成（CFU－GM）集落培养,凝胶电泳等方法检测。结果：As2O3可抑制CML原代细胞增殖,经平均浓度5．0umol.L^-1 As2O3处理5d时抑制率为50％,经大于等于2．6－5．0umol.L^-1 As2O3培养2－5d,可引起细胞凋亡的形态学改变及DNA片段化,As2O3浓度2．5umol.L^-1,CFU－GM的形成抑制率＞50％,结论：As2O3可以抑制CML慢性期原代细胞的增殖,并诱导凋。     

木犀草素对K562细胞caspase-3活化的影响

目的:探讨木犀草素对K562细胞增殖和凋亡的影响.方法:采用MTT法检测K562细胞的增殖,流式细胞术和Hoechst33258/PI荧光染色分析K562细胞的凋亡,比色法测定caspase-3的相对活性,半定量RT-PCR检测caspase-3 mRNA水平的改变,Western-blot分析caspase-3酶原的变化.结果:木犀草素处理细胞24 h后的IC50值为(104.6±13.5)μmol·L-1.浓度为10,20,40μmol·L-1木犀草素处理细胞24 h后均可诱导K562细胞发生凋亡,各处理组的细胞凋亡率均明显高于对照组(P＜0.01).随着浓度及时间的增加,各个木犀草素处理组K562细胞的caspase-3活性升高(P＜0.01),其作用具浓度及时间依赖性.而随着木犀草素浓度的增加,K562细胞中caspase-3的mRNA水平逐渐增加,caspase-3酶原的蛋白水平逐渐减少.结论:木犀草素可通过诱导K562细胞凋亡而抑制其增殖,其诱导K562细胞凋亡可能与激活caspase-3有关.     

载As2O3白蛋白纳米粒对人K562细胞的增殖抑制作用

目的采用白蛋白纳米粒包载As2O3,通过肿瘤细胞摄取载药纳米粒来增强As2O3对K562细胞的增殖抑制作用。方法采用去溶剂化法制备白蛋白纳米粒(ALB-NP),以异硫氰酸(FITC)标记ALB-NP,荧光显微镜观察K562细胞对ALB-NP的摄取;以ALB-NP包载As2O3制备载As2O3白蛋白纳米粒(As2O3-ALB-NP),MTT法比较As2O3与As2O3-ALB-NP对K562细胞增殖抑制率的差异。结果 As2O3-ALB-NP在低浓度(<0.8μmol.L-1)即可显著抑制K562细胞增殖,而As2O3在该浓度对其无抑制作用。结论与As2O3相比,利用ALB-NP载As2O3可显著增强其对K562细胞的增殖抑制作用,有望实现对As2O3用药的增效减毒,为其用于抗肿瘤治疗提供了新的给药策略。     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Nachweis einiger Heilmittel in der Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit

Zusammenfassung Mittels Gaschromatographie und Dünschichtchromatographie wiesen die Autoren 11 Substanzen nach, welche durch Injektion oder nach Verabreichung per os in die Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit eindrangen. In ihrer Aufstellung konnten sie eine direkte Beziehung zwischen Struktur sowie chemischphysikalischen Eigenschaften der Substanz und ihrer Fähigkeit, aus dem Blut in die Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit einzudringen, nicht nachweisen, außer der Tatsache, daß Substanzen mit starker Affinität zu Eiweißstoffen erst in höheren Dosen nachweisbar waren.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence among men and women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders

This study explored gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence in a crosssectional study of 150 men and 150 women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders (AUD). Participants were recruited in equal numbers from treatment settings, correctional centres and the general community. Standardized measures were used to determine participants' use of substances, history of psychiatric disorders and psychosocial stress, their sensation seeking and family history of substance use and mental health disorders. Multivariate analyses were used to detect patterns of variables associated with gender and the lifetime severity of AUD. Men had a longer history of severe AUD than women. Women had similar levels of alcohol dependence and medical and psychological sequelae as men, despite 6 fewer years of AUD. More women than men had a history of severe psychosocial stress, severe dependence on other substances and antecedent mental health problems, especially mood and anxiety disorders. There were differences in family history of alcohol-related problems approximating same-gender aggregation. The severity of a lifetime AUD was predicted by its earlier age at onset and the occurrence of other disorders, especially anxiety, among both men and women. The limitations in the generalizability of these findings due to sample idiosyncrasies are discussed.     

Biochemical and molecular characterisation of cubozoan protein toxins

Class Cubozoa includes several species of box jellyfish that are harmful to humans. The venoms of box jellyfish are stored and discharged by nematocysts and contain a variety of bioactive proteins that are cytolytic, cytotoxic, inflammatory or lethal. Although cubozoan venoms generally share similar biological activities, the diverse range and severity of effects caused by different species indicate that their venoms vary in protein composition, activity and potency. To date, few individual venom proteins have been thoroughly characterised, however, accumulating evidence suggests that cubozoan jellyfish produce at least one group of homologous bioactive proteins that are labile, basic, haemolytic and similar in molecular mass (42-46 kDa). The novel box jellyfish toxins are also potentially lethal and the cause of cutaneous pain, inflammation and necrosis, similar to that observed in envenomed humans. Secondary structure analysis and remote protein homology predictions suggest that the box jellyfish toxins may act as α-pore-forming toxins. However, more research is required to elucidate their structures and investigate their mechanism(s) of action. The biological, biochemical and molecular characteristics of cubozoan venoms and their bioactive protein components are reviewed, with particular focus on cubozoan cytolysins and the newly emerging family of box jellyfish toxins.     

Dose tolerability of chronically inhaled voriconazole solution in rodents

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a fungal disease of the lung associated with high mortality rates in immunosuppressed patients despite treatment. Targeted drug delivery of aqueous voriconazole solutions has been shown in previous studies to produce high tissue and plasma drug concentrations as well as improved survival in a murine model of IPA. In the present study, rats were exposed to 20 min nebulizations of normal saline (control group) or aerosolized aqueous solutions of voriconazole at 15.625 mg (low dose group) or 31.25 mg (high dose group). Peak voriconazole concentrations in rat lung tissue and plasma after 3 days of twice daily dosing in the high dose group were 0.85 ± 0.63 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.58 ± 0.30 μg/mL, with low dose group lung and plasma concentrations of 0.38 ± 0.01 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.09 ± 0.06 μg/mL, respectively. Trough plasma concentrations were low but demonstrated some drug accumulation over 21 days of inhaled voriconazole administered twice daily. Following multiple inhaled doses, statistically significant but clinically irrelevant abnormalities in laboratory values were observed. Histopathology also revealed an increase in the number of alveolar macrophages but without inflammation or ulceration of the airway, interstitial changes, or edema. Inhaled voriconazole was well tolerated in a rat model of drug inhalation.