落叶松中二氢槲皮素提取工艺优化及其纯化的研究

本实验以水为溶剂提落叶松中的二氢槲皮素,主要考察提取温度、时间、料液比等因素对提取率的影响,以三种单因素设计正交实验,实验表明,温度具有显著性(p＜0.05),最终确立提取工艺的最佳条件是:以水加热回流提取,温度为90℃,时间40min,料液比为1:12,提取3次,提取率达到85％以上.探讨乙醇沉淀法、大孔树脂吸附法、聚酰胺树脂吸附法三种纯化方法对二氢槲皮素粗提物纯化的效果.由结果可知,三种方法均能达到一定的纯化效果,其中聚酰胺树脂的纯化效果最佳,将醇沉与大孔吸附树脂相结合,可以作为一种新的纯化二氧槲皮素的方法进行深入研究.     

刺玫蔷薇茎中二氢槲皮素的提取工艺研究

探索了从刺玫蔷薇茎中提取二氢槲皮素的工艺条件,考察了乙醇提取及盐酸水解过程中各条件对二氢槲皮素提取率的影响.通过单因素实验确定其最佳条件:原料粒度为100～120目、提取温度为80℃、乙醇溶液浓度为60%、料液比为1∶15、提取时间为3h及盐酸溶液与原料用量比值为3∶1、盐酸浓度为3mol/L、水解时间为2h、水解温度为90℃,在此条件下二氢槲皮索的提取率为90.79%.     

响应面法优化酶辅助闪式提取二氢槲皮素工艺

目的：利用响应面法对纤维素酶辅助闪式提取二氢槲皮素的工艺条件进行优化。方法：以二氢槲皮素的提取率为指标,在单因素试验的基础上,应用Box-Behnken试验设计,对影响提取率的条件（乙醇体积分数、加酶量和液料比）进行优化。结果：最佳提取条件为乙醇体积分数60.93%、加酶量3.48 mg/g、液料比103.64∶1（mL/g）、提取时间120 s。结论：闪式提取操作简便、节能、省时,可应用于二氢槲皮素大规模生产。     

二次正交旋转组合设计优化水酶法提取牡丹籽油工艺

以牡丹籽为原料,采用水酶法提取牡丹籽油。通过单因素试验,研究酶解温度、酶解时间、酶添加量、液料比对牡丹籽油提取率的影响,在此基础上,采用二次正交旋转组合试验对提取工艺条件进行优化。结果表明,各因素对牡丹籽油提取率的影响强弱顺序依次为酶解温度、液料比、酶添加量、酶解时间,水酶法提取牡丹籽油的最优工艺条件为:酶解温度52℃、液料比3∶1、酶添加量3.6%(以牡丹籽质量计)、酶解时间4 h,在此条件下牡丹籽油提取率可达92.8%。     

酶法提取绿豆淀粉工艺研究

以绿豆为原料,对酶法提取绿豆淀粉工艺进行研究。通过单因素试验,研究酶解温度、酶解时间、蛋白酶添加量、料液比对淀粉提取率影响;通过四因素三水平正交试验确定酶法提取绿豆淀粉工艺最佳参数为:酶解温度46℃、酶解时间4.5 h、蛋白酶添加量700 U/g、料液比1∶3;在此条件下,绿豆淀粉提取率为96.97%。     

水酶法提取文冠果油工艺的优化

以文冠果仁为原料,利用水酶法提取文冠果油。通过单因素试验及正交试验研究了酶解时间、料液比、酶添加量及酶解温度对文冠果油提取率的影响,并确定了最佳工艺条件。结果表明最佳的工艺条件为:选用碱性蛋白酶,酶解时间5 h,料液比1∶5,酶添加量0.75%,酶解温度50℃。在最佳条件下文冠果油提取率达81.6%。     

超声波辅助酶法优化黄精多糖提取工艺的研究

该文主要以始兴黄精为原料,纯净水为提取溶剂,采用超声波辅助酶法提取黄精多糖,通过单因素试验研究复合酶添加量、酶解时间、酶解温度和料液比等因素对黄精多糖提取率的影响,并对其最佳工艺进行正交试验优化。结果表明,超声波辅助酶法提取黄精多糖的最佳工艺条件为:复合酶添加量6%、酶解温度65℃、酶解时间55 min、料液比1∶30(g/mL),在此工艺条件下得到黄精多糖的提取率为25.63%。     

酶辅助火麻蛋白提取工艺的研究

以火麻脱脂粕为原料,对酶法辅助蛋白提取工艺进行研究。采用单因素试验方法,对酶的种类、酶的添加量、提取温度、原料粒径、液料比和提取时间进行了筛选,并采用正交试验优化提取工艺。结果表明:酶法辅助火麻蛋白的最佳提取工艺条件为原料粒径180μm、中性蛋白酶添加量1.0%、提取温度50℃、液料比6∶1(mL/g)、提取时间1.5 h、提取次数2次,提取率可达41.6%±0.8%,蛋白质含量为75.9%±0.8%。     

果胶酶酶法提取亚麻籽油工艺条件优化北大核心CSCD

为提高亚麻籽油提取率,以亚麻籽为原料,采用果胶酶酶法提取亚麻籽油。采用单因素实验探讨了料液比、酶解温度、酶解时间对亚麻籽油提取率的影响,在此基础上采用响应面法对果胶酶酶法提取亚麻籽油的工艺条件进行了优化。结果表明,果胶酶酶法提取亚麻籽油的最佳工艺条件为料液比1∶5、果胶酶添加量3%、酶解温度56℃、酶解时间6 h,在此条件下亚麻籽油提取率为85.64%。采用果胶酶可以有效提取亚麻籽油。     

超高压辅助胶束法提取落叶松中二氢槲皮素的工艺优化

为简化二氢槲皮素提取工艺,降低能耗与成本,提高提取效率,促进二氢槲皮素的综合应用,本研究采用黑龙江省的兴安落叶松为原料,运用超高压辅助胶束提取技术提取落叶松中二氢槲皮素,测定落叶松树根、树干等不同部位的二氢槲皮素总含量。以此总含量为基础,对提取胶束进行筛选,采用响应面试验对提取工艺进行优化,考察了料液比、提取压力、提取次数及胶束浓度4种不同因素对二氢槲皮素提取率的影响,并与微波提取、超声提取、回流提取等不同提取工艺进行能耗与CO₂排放比较。结果表明,最终确定提取胶束为茶皂素,最佳提取工艺条件为:茶皂素浓度8%,料液比1:11.5,提取压力157 MPa,提取次数3次,保压时间5min,在此最佳条件下重复进行3次实验,二氢槲皮素实际提取率可达84.35%±1.20%,与预测值84.98%基本一致。与其他提取方法相比超高压辅助胶束提取率最高,单位原料的能耗和CO₂排放量均为最低,分别为1.71×10^-4 kW·h·g^-1,1.34×10^-4 kg/g。综上,利用超高压辅助胶束绿色溶...     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

Focus on China's Paper Industry

In the English section of this issue, 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 will introduce ＂National Development and Reform Commission Issued Announcement for Selection of Major Preliminary Research Projects for the ＇13th Five-Year Plan＇＂, ＂2013 Annual Report of China＇s Paper Industry＂, and news of projects and other policies.     

Listen to downstream & search for innovation

正Nowadays,textile enterprises are all taking efforts in transformation and upgrading,like improving producing capacity and optimizing production structure to face market downturn.It claimed a higher request to the standard of textile equipments.In the upcoming of ITMA ASIA+CITME 2014exhibition,this magazine have interviewed several branch associations and a series of relative enterprises,to summarize industrial developing status