甘蔗糖蜜生产焦糖色素的研究

本文研究了甘蔗糖蜜生产焦糖色素的可行性，提出了去除糖蜜中灰分和胶体的预处理方案和优化的焦糖生产工艺。糖蜜以硫酸调节pH至2．3，同时添加适量的澄清剂，经离心获得的糖蜜清液适于制造澄清度极好的焦糖色素。正交试验结果表明，温度、反应时间和(NH4)2SO4添加量对焦糖色率和红色素指数都有显著的影响。在115℃，添加糖蜜量的条件下反应120min，可生产出澄清度高，色率为≥30000EBC，红色素指数≥5．5，耐酸性极好的优质焦糖色素。     

甘蔗糖蜜生产焦糖色素的研究

本文研究了甘蔗糖蜜生产焦糖色素的可行性,提出了去除糖蜜中灰分和胶体的预处理方案和优化的焦糖生产工艺。糖蜜以硫酸调节pH至2.3,同时添加适量的澄清剂,经离心获得的糖蜜清液适于制造澄清度极好的焦糖色素。正交试验结果表明,温度、反应时间和(NH4)2SO3添加量对焦糖色率和红色素指数都有显著的影响。在115℃,添加糖蜜量 的条件下反应120 min,可生产出澄清度高,色率为≥30000EBC,红色素指数≥5.5,耐酸性极好的优质焦糖色素。     

用精炼糖糖蜜制备高色率和高红色素指数焦糖色素的工艺研究

焦糖色素的色率和红色素指数是衡量焦糖色素品质的2个重要指标,但这2个指标是相互制约的。本文以精炼糖糖蜜为原料,利用氨法制备焦糖色素。通过单因素实验研究,确定影响焦糖色素色率和红色素指数的主要因素为反应温度、反应时间和催化剂的量,然后以此设计正交实验,确定制备高色率焦糖色素的工艺为反应温度120～125℃,反应时间1.5 h,铵盐添加量为10%（以NH4＋的质量与糖蜜干固物质量计算）;制备高红色素指数焦糖色素的工艺为反应温度110～115℃,反应时间0.5 h,铵盐添加量3%（以NH4＋的质量与糖蜜干固物质量计算）。     

甘蔗糖蜜生产优质焦糖色素的研究报告

文中介绍了甘蔗糖蜜生产优质焦糖色素的方法,运用正交试验法确定了各工艺参数,依照此工艺即能生产出色率≥40000EBC单位,耐盐性能好,色泽鲜艳的优质焦糖色素.经过成本核算,认为该方法生产焦糖色素是经济可行的,值得大力推广.     

糖蜜酵母废水提取焦糖色素的研究

本文以糖蜜酵母废水为原料，用AB-8大孔树脂吸附焦糖色素，经70％乙醇液洗脱，得到的焦糖色素稳定性好，色率为61578．9EBC，废水色率降低了78．18％，COD下降了80％以上。     

甜菜废蜜制优质焦糖色素的研究报告(Ⅰ)

本文重点论述了甜菜废蜜生产优质焦糖色素的原理及方法 ,首次报道了由甜菜废蜜生产耐盐性好 ,色泽鲜艳 ,水分含量≤ 4 0 % ,色率≥ 350 0 0EBC单位的优质焦糖色素。与玉米焦糖色素相比 ,生产每吨成品可节约成本 50 0— 80 0元 ,是一种经济可行的方法。     

焦糖色素在调味品中的应用

介绍了以淀粉、葡萄糖母液（或木糖母液）及糖蜜废液等为原料生产制得的焦糖色素，其特性为深褐色至黑色的液体、块状、粉末状或糊状物质，无臭或略带异臭（焦糖香味），具有愉快的苦味。焦糖色素的特征指标为色率、红色指数、波美度、粘度和盐水沉淀等。根据所使用催化剂的不同将焦糖色素分为普通法（不加氨法）、铵盐法（亚硫酸铵法）和氨法等几类，根据型号的不同将焦糖色素分为普通单倍型、普通双倍型、酿造型、老抽红型和特红型等，并介绍了不同型号焦糖色素在酱油、食醋和黄酒等调味品中的应用。     

甜菜废蜜制优质焦糖色素的研究报告（Ⅱ）

本重点论述了甜菜废蜜生产优质焦糖色素的原理及方法,首次报道了由甜菜废蜜生产耐盐性好,色泽鲜艳,水分含量≤４０％,色率≥３５０００ＥＢＣ单位的优质焦糖色素。与玉米焦糖色素相比,生产每纯成品可节约成本５００－８００元,是一种经济可行的方法。     

甜菜废蜜制优质焦糖色素的研究报告(I)

本文重点论述了甜菜废蜜生产优质焦糖色素的原理及方法,首次报道了由甜菜废蜜生产盐性好,色泽鲜艳,水分含量≤40%,色率≥35000EBC单位的优质焦糖色素.与玉米焦糖色素比,生产每吨成品可节约成本500-800元,是一种经济可行的方法.     

低4-甲基咪唑焦糖色素制备工艺优化

为研究减少焦糖色素中4-甲基咪唑(4-Methylimidazole,4-MeI)生成的工艺,以葡萄糖为原料,碳酸铵为催化剂,利用高压反应制备4-甲基咪唑含量低、色率及红色素指数高的焦糖色素。采用正交试验设计考察了反应温度、反应时间、催化剂添加量(以NH₄+计)、葡萄糖液质量浓度四个因素对焦糖色素的色率、红色指数、4-甲基咪唑含量的影响。结果表明,利用综合平衡法确定生产参数为135 ℃、80 min、3% NH₄+及500 g/L 葡萄糖浓度,制备得到的氨法焦糖色素色率6.73×104 EBC,红色素指数5.21,4-甲基咪唑的含量198.34 μg/mL。通过对焦糖色素的生产工艺进行优化,得到了4-MeI明显降低的焦糖色素,为其生产提供了理论依据。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

Focus on China's Paper Industry

In the English section of this issue, 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 will introduce ＂National Development and Reform Commission Issued Announcement for Selection of Major Preliminary Research Projects for the ＇13th Five-Year Plan＇＂, ＂2013 Annual Report of China＇s Paper Industry＂, and news of projects and other policies.     

Listen to downstream & search for innovation

正Nowadays,textile enterprises are all taking efforts in transformation and upgrading,like improving producing capacity and optimizing production structure to face market downturn.It claimed a higher request to the standard of textile equipments.In the upcoming of ITMA ASIA+CITME 2014exhibition,this magazine have interviewed several branch associations and a series of relative enterprises,to summarize industrial developing status