如皋长寿村人群肠道抗氧化乳酸菌筛选

为获得能应用于功能性食品的高抗氧化性能乳酸菌,测定了30株分离自江苏如皋长寿村人群肠道中的乳酸菌发酵液清除自由基能力和还原能力,并对初步获得的4株抗氧化性能较好的菌株发酵不同组分清除自由基能力、还原能力及抗氧化酶活性进行了测定。结果表明:4株菌发酵液抗氧化性能不等同于其各组分抗氧化性能总和,且发酵上清液抗氧化性能显著高于其菌体和胞内提取物。获得综合抗氧化性能较好的2株菌L10和L13,两株菌发酵上清液对羟自由基清除率分别为56.4%和64.8%,对DPPH自由基清除率分别为51.8%和53.5%;两株菌发酵上清液还原活性A700nm分别为2.523和2.540;两株菌发酵上清液T-SOD活性分别为32.802U/mL和33.825U/mL,GSH-Px活性分别为37.273U/mL和45.012U/mL。两株菌经鉴定分别为发酵乳杆菌和干酪乳杆菌。     

乳酸菌的抗氧化活性和耐酸耐胆盐性能的研究

以清除DPPH自由基和还原能力为指标,对实验室保藏的25株乳酸菌的菌体和无细胞提取物进行体外抗氧化性研究;将抗氧化性强的10株乳酸菌,进行对模拟胃液酸度和肠道胆盐的耐受性研究,比较不同乳酸菌株的抗氧化和耐酸耐胆盐能力,为开发功能性乳酸菌食品提供理论依据。研究表明:不同属和同属的不同菌株的乳酸菌抗氧化能力和耐酸耐胆盐存在差异,且其抗氧化活性物质存在部位不同。比较发现干酪乳杆菌GL-2抗氧化性高且耐酸耐胆盐。干酪乳杆菌GL-2菌体浓度为109cfu/mL时,菌体和无细胞提取物DPPH自由基清除率分别为37.22%、42.78%,还原活性分别相当于104.84、107.10μmol/L L-半胱氨酸;pH=3.0的酸性缓冲溶液处理2h后存活率均达100%,在改良MRS培养基(胆盐为0.5%(W/V))处理4h存活率为0.35%。     

新疆酸马奶中抗氧化益生乳酸菌的筛选

目的:筛选出性状优良、具有抗氧化活性的乳酸菌菌株,为开发具有抗氧化活性的功能性食品提供理论依据。方法:通过菌株对H2O2的耐受能力实验、羟自由基清除实验、还原活性测定实验以及亚铁离子螯合能力测定实验,对28株乳酸菌活细胞体、无细胞提取物以及胞外分泌物的抗氧化能力进行测定。结果:两株益生乳酸菌S3、Y11具有较高的抗氧化能力,对实验所用的不同浓度过氧化氢具有一定的耐受能力;当添加样品量为1.5mL时,两株菌的活细胞体和无细胞提取物对羟自由基的清除率分别为38.1%和25.2%,52.3%和29.7%;两株菌均具有还原活性,A700nm值分别为2.272和3.083;两株菌对亚铁离子(Fe2+)的螯合率分别为36.62%和43.16%。结论:28株乳酸菌菌株的抗氧化能力存在差异,乳酸菌菌体内可能含有较多的起抗氧化作用的活性物质,并筛选出2株具有较强抗氧化能力的乳酸菌菌株。     

青藏高原牦牛酸奶中具高抗氧化能力乳酸菌的筛选

研究了从青藏高原牦牛酸奶中分离的881株乳酸菌的H2O2耐受能力,从中筛选出了8株对H_2O_2具有较强耐受能力的乳酸菌,并对它们清除DPPH自由基、OH自由基、O_2~-自由基的能力以及T-AOC活性做了进一步研究。结果显示,乳酸菌对DPPH自由基的清除能力都是活细胞体高于无细胞提取物;而在对OH自由基、O_2~-自由基的清除和T-AOC活性上恰好相反。菌株BX62、XS40和XM5在对自由基的清除中表现突出,在菌体浓度为10~9 CFU/m L时,BX62的活细胞体对DPPH自由基的清除率最高(33.53%),其无细胞提取物对O_2~-自由基的清除率同样最高(48.85%)。而在乳酸菌无细胞提取物对OH自由基的清除中XS40表现最好(52.12%)。此外,3株乳酸菌都具有较强的T-AOC活性。经16S r RNA鉴定和系统进化分析,3株菌分别为Lactobacillus parplantarum BX62,Lactobacillus plantarum XM5和Pediococcus acidilactici XS40。本研究从青藏高原牦牛酸奶中筛选的3株乳酸菌的确具有高抗氧化活性,有作为天然抗氧化剂的应用前景。     

具抗氧化活性乳酸菌的筛选

以体外过氧化氢耐受能力为指标,从发酵食品中筛选出2株能够耐受1mmol/L浓度过氧化氢的乳酸菌,两株细菌的耐过氧化氢能力与L. rhamnosusGG的耐过氧化氢能力相当。研究了两株乳酸菌完整细胞和无细胞提取物的DPPH自由基和羟自由基清除能力。结果表明,菌体浓度为109mL-1的L1001完整细胞和无细胞提取物的DPPH自由基清除率分别为36.2%和37.9%,同样浓度的F12完整细胞和无细胞提取物对DPPH自由基的清除率分别为24.4%和27.0%;清除羟自由基实验表明,细胞浓度为109mL-1的细胞清除羟自由基能力与同体积的浓度为1mmol/L抗坏血酸相当,L1001的羟自由基清除能力优于F12。利用API鉴定系统L1001菌株被鉴定为植物乳杆菌Lactobacillus plantarum L1001。     

人源乳酸菌的筛选鉴定及抗氧化活性研究

对17株来自长寿老人粪便的菌株进行酸、胆盐和H₂O₂耐受性分析,初筛获得5株高耐受性菌株,通过体外抗氧化实验,进一步复筛高抗氧化活性的乳酸菌。研究发现,5株乳酸菌的DPPH清除能力、羟基自由基清除能力、超氧阴离子清除能力和总还原力分别为10.47%～89.73%、22.65%～66.17%、22.22%～88.95%和11.03%～51.86%;相对于其它组分,无细胞提取物具有更强的羟基自由基清除能力,而菌株发酵上清液的显示出更高DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子清除能力和总还原力。XM-LS01与XM-BL01菌株的抗氧化活性高于其它菌株,经形态学、生理生化和16 Sr DNA鉴定,其分别为清酒乳杆菌和动物双歧杆菌。     

四川传统泡菜中乳酸菌的分离鉴定及抗氧化评估

四川泡菜中含有丰富具有抗氧化能力的乳酸菌,为评估其抗氧化活性,本研究以2,2′-联氮-双-3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸(ABTS)自由基清除能力、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基清除能力、亚铁离子螯合能力为指标,探究了从泡菜中分离出来的6株乳酸菌的体外抗氧化活性。结果表明,16S rDNA基因序列鉴定的6株菌均为植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum),6株乳酸菌在ABTS~+和DPPH自由基清除、亚铁离子螯合方面均具有一定的作用,其中发酵上清液组菌株SPC-3-1、SPC-1-3、SPC-3-1,完整细胞组菌株SPC-1-1、SPC-3-1、SPC-1-4,无细胞提取物组SPC-3-1、SPC-3-1、SPC-1-3分别在ABTS~+自由基清除能力、DPPH自由基清除能力、亚铁离子螯合能力中最高,分别为89.33%±1.27%、71.88%±0.16%、38.58%±0.85%、15.49%±3.78%、18.65%±1.49%、91.56%±1.73%、14.33%±0.50%、21.06%±1.14%和90.40%±4.58%。在6株植物乳杆菌对ABTS~+和DPPH自由基清除作用中,发酵上清液组的清除率均高于完整细胞组和无细胞提取物组,而在对亚铁离子的螯合能力中,完整细胞组和无细胞提取物组的螯合能力大于发酵上清液组。     

抗氧化乳酸菌L4的SOD活性及其发酵乳的抗氧化作用

从30株乳酸菌中筛选出的抗氧化活性相对较高的乳酸菌L3和L4进行实验,发现乳酸菌L4的抗H2O2的能力明显要高于乳酸菌L3和保加利亚乳杆菌。并检测到乳酸菌L4无细胞提取物SOD活性为(73.70±1.77)U/mg。但未检测到乳酸菌L3和L4具有GSH-Px活性。利用PCR技术扩增了乳酸菌L4的SOD基因,通过DNA序列测定,发现乳酸菌L4的SOD基因与E.coli的Mn-SOD基因有高度的同源性。并发现乳酸菌L4发酵乳的还原活性和螯合Fe2+作用均明显高于未发酵乳。     

不同乳酸菌菌株抗氧化能力的比较研究

目的：比较不同乳酸菌菌株的抗氧化能力,为其天然抗氧化剂的开发提供理论依据。方法：通过羟自由基清除实验,超氧阴离子自由基清除实验,DPPH 自由基清除实验以及还原能力测定实验,对35 株乳酸菌的菌体、无细胞提取物以及胞外分泌物的抗氧化能力进行研究。结果：比较发现La 5 和La 29 两株乳酸菌抗氧化能力相对较高。结论：不同来源的乳酸菌菌株还原能力不同,且在羟自由基、超氧阴离子自由基和DPPH 自由基的清除能力方面存在差异;且其发挥抗氧化作用的活性物质存在的部位也因菌株的不同而具有较大的差异性。     

1 株具抑菌和抗氧化活性乳酸菌的筛选及鉴定

从市售酸泡菜中分离纯化乳酸菌,以植物乳杆菌PL2、大肠杆菌As1.184等为指示菌筛选具有抑菌活性的乳酸菌;以对1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH）自由基、·OH、O2－·清除率为指标,进一步筛选高抗氧化活性菌株。结果表明：从市售酸菜中分离筛选出8?株兼具抑菌活性和抗氧化活性的乳酸菌菌株,其中菌株b-2的抑菌活性和抗氧化活性最强,根据生理、生化和分子生物学特征将其鉴定为植物乳杆菌。抗氧化活性测定结果显示,该菌株的无细胞提取物对·OH的清除率最高,为67.6%;其完整细胞对O2－·的清除活性最强,清除率为62.8%;其无细胞发酵上清液对DPPH自由基清除率高达91.3%。植物乳杆菌b-2具有较好的抑菌能力和抗氧化能力,作为功能性乳酸菌发酵剂,具有十分重要的开发潜力。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

Focus on China's Paper Industry

In the English section of this issue, 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 will introduce ＂National Development and Reform Commission Issued Announcement for Selection of Major Preliminary Research Projects for the ＇13th Five-Year Plan＇＂, ＂2013 Annual Report of China＇s Paper Industry＂, and news of projects and other policies.     

Listen to downstream & search for innovation

正Nowadays,textile enterprises are all taking efforts in transformation and upgrading,like improving producing capacity and optimizing production structure to face market downturn.It claimed a higher request to the standard of textile equipments.In the upcoming of ITMA ASIA+CITME 2014exhibition,this magazine have interviewed several branch associations and a series of relative enterprises,to summarize industrial developing status