新疆传统奶酪中抗氧化乳酸菌筛选及培养条件优化

新疆传统奶酪中富含大量乳酸菌,为了得到具有抗氧化活性的乳酸菌,该文以新疆传统奶酪中筛选出的161株乳酸菌为研究对象,通过测试过氧化氢耐受性、羟自由基清除能力、超氧阴离子自由基清除能力、还原能力、金属离子螯合能力、DPPH自由基清除能力,综合评估菌株的抗氧化性。结果表明,有12株乳酸菌具有较高抗氧化活性,其中菌株S2-7发酵上清液对羟自由基、超氧阴离子自由基、DPPH自由基清除能力较好,分别为95.28%、90.17%、88.22%;菌株B6-4、S4-14菌悬液具有较好的还原能力及亚铁离子螯合能力,分别为92.75%、95.85%。将这12株乳酸菌经过模拟人工胃肠液及胆盐耐受测定,8株展现出良好的耐受性。经16S rDNA鉴定,7株为乳酸片球菌;1株为干酪乳杆菌。优化其培养条件,得到培养基初始pH(6.5～7.5)、培养时间(18～28 h)、培养温度(37～42℃)、接种量(2%～3%),研究结果将对优质菌种的开发提供数据支持。     

新疆熏马肠中具有较高抗氧化活性乳酸菌的筛选鉴定

通过对从熏马肠中分离出的6株乳酸菌的完整细胞和无细胞提取物进行清除DPPH自由基、羟自由基、超氧阴离子,螯合铁离子,还原能力,抗脂质过氧化等抗氧化活性测定实验来获得具有较高抗氧化活性的乳酸菌。结果表明:6株乳酸菌的抗氧化能力存在差异,完整细胞的抗氧化活性显著高于无细胞提取物(P0.05),其中X_(31)的清除DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子,螯合铁离子,抗脂质过氧化能力显著高于其他菌株(P0.05);X_(11)的清除羟自由基、还原能力显著高于其他菌株(P0.05),综合比较X_(31)和X_(11)具有较高抗氧化活性。再利用生理生化实验和16S rDNA序列比对的方法对其进行鉴定,表明X_(31)、X_(11)均为戊糖片球菌。     

如皋长寿村人群肠道抗氧化乳酸菌筛选

为获得能应用于功能性食品的高抗氧化性能乳酸菌,测定了30株分离自江苏如皋长寿村人群肠道中的乳酸菌发酵液清除自由基能力和还原能力,并对初步获得的4株抗氧化性能较好的菌株发酵不同组分清除自由基能力、还原能力及抗氧化酶活性进行了测定。结果表明:4株菌发酵液抗氧化性能不等同于其各组分抗氧化性能总和,且发酵上清液抗氧化性能显著高于其菌体和胞内提取物。获得综合抗氧化性能较好的2株菌L10和L13,两株菌发酵上清液对羟自由基清除率分别为56.4%和64.8%,对DPPH自由基清除率分别为51.8%和53.5%;两株菌发酵上清液还原活性A700nm分别为2.523和2.540;两株菌发酵上清液T-SOD活性分别为32.802U/mL和33.825U/mL,GSH-Px活性分别为37.273U/mL和45.012U/mL。两株菌经鉴定分别为发酵乳杆菌和干酪乳杆菌。     

新疆传统乳品中乳酸菌的抗氧化能力

实验用菌为从新疆传统乳制品酸奶和干酪中分离出的7株乳酸菌,分别是乳酸片球菌(Pediococcus acidilactici)1株、植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)3株、耐久肠球菌(Enterococcus durans)1株、魏斯氏菌(Weissella cibaria)1株和面包乳杆菌(Lactobacillus panis)1株。对其清除DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子自由基、羟自由基、还原能力以及亚铁离子螯合能力进行了研究。结果表明:7株乳酸菌具有不同的抗氧化能力,其中植物乳杆菌亚铁离子螯合能力最强,乳酸片球菌超氧阴离子自由基清除能力相对较高,魏斯氏菌的DPPH自由基清除能力较强,面包乳杆菌的羟自由基清除能力和还原能力最强。     

自然发酵泡菜中高体外抗氧化活性乳酸菌的筛选及其对模拟胃肠道环境的耐受性

本研究以自然发酵泡菜为原料,通过氧化氢法初筛,基于自由基清除率和还原能力的复筛,得到高抗氧化活性的菌株,并测定其对胃肠模拟环境的耐受性,利用16S rDNA基因的序列对其进行鉴定。结果表明,初筛得到的75株抗氧化菌株中有14株乳酸菌的DPPH自由基清除能力较强(清除率大于30%),结合羟基自由基清除率、还原活性及亚铁离子还原能力活性的监测,筛选得到2株(Kc 6和Kc 13)具有高抗氧化活性的乳酸菌菌株;2株菌在酸、胆盐、人工胃液和肠液中的存活率均超过了60%,具有较高的模拟胃肠环境耐受性。经鉴定2株菌均为植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)。该菌兼具抗氧化活性和环境耐受性的乳酸菌,能够为可定植体内的功能乳酸菌资源的开发提供新思路。     

乳酸菌抗氧化活性及检测方法

通过对30株乳酸菌清除DPPH自由基和抗亚油酸过氧化能力的实验,筛选出了抗氧化活性较强的乳酸菌L3和L4。从得到的两株乳酸菌分别制备无细胞提取物(菌数为1010mL-),利用6种方法对这两株乳酸菌无细胞提取物的抗氧化性能进行了检测分析,发现L31和L4可螯合Fe2+,分别为54.3×10-和41.3×10-,清除超氧自由基分别为14.9%和87.0%,清除羟自由基分别为83.5%和45.7%,并具有还原66活性。进一步研究发现乳酸菌L4SOD活性为(73.70±1.77)U/mg,但这2株乳酸菌均未检测到GSH-Px活性。     

四川传统泡菜中乳酸菌的分离鉴定及抗氧化评估

四川泡菜中含有丰富具有抗氧化能力的乳酸菌,为评估其抗氧化活性,本研究以2,2′-联氮-双-3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸(ABTS)自由基清除能力、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基清除能力、亚铁离子螯合能力为指标,探究了从泡菜中分离出来的6株乳酸菌的体外抗氧化活性。结果表明,16S rDNA基因序列鉴定的6株菌均为植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum),6株乳酸菌在ABTS~+和DPPH自由基清除、亚铁离子螯合方面均具有一定的作用,其中发酵上清液组菌株SPC-3-1、SPC-1-3、SPC-3-1,完整细胞组菌株SPC-1-1、SPC-3-1、SPC-1-4,无细胞提取物组SPC-3-1、SPC-3-1、SPC-1-3分别在ABTS~+自由基清除能力、DPPH自由基清除能力、亚铁离子螯合能力中最高,分别为89.33%±1.27%、71.88%±0.16%、38.58%±0.85%、15.49%±3.78%、18.65%±1.49%、91.56%±1.73%、14.33%±0.50%、21.06%±1.14%和90.40%±4.58%。在6株植物乳杆菌对ABTS~+和DPPH自由基清除作用中,发酵上清液组的清除率均高于完整细胞组和无细胞提取物组,而在对亚铁离子的螯合能力中,完整细胞组和无细胞提取物组的螯合能力大于发酵上清液组。     

不同乳酸菌菌株抗氧化能力的比较研究

目的：比较不同乳酸菌菌株的抗氧化能力,为其天然抗氧化剂的开发提供理论依据。方法：通过羟自由基清除实验,超氧阴离子自由基清除实验,DPPH 自由基清除实验以及还原能力测定实验,对35 株乳酸菌的菌体、无细胞提取物以及胞外分泌物的抗氧化能力进行研究。结果：比较发现La 5 和La 29 两株乳酸菌抗氧化能力相对较高。结论：不同来源的乳酸菌菌株还原能力不同,且在羟自由基、超氧阴离子自由基和DPPH 自由基的清除能力方面存在差异;且其发挥抗氧化作用的活性物质存在的部位也因菌株的不同而具有较大的差异性。     

温莪术不同溶剂提取物体外抗氧化活性评价

目的:探讨温莪术不同溶剂提取物体外的抗氧化活性。方法:分别用蒸馏水、95%乙醇、乙酸乙酯等不同极性溶剂提取温莪术中活性物质,采用清除1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基、羟自由基(.OH)、亚铁离子螯合和还原能力等方法考察温莪术不同提取物的抗氧化活性。同时用Folin-Cioeaile法测定不同提取物中的总酚含量,考察总酚含量与抗氧化清除率的关系。结果:DPPH自由基、.OH清除能力及还原能力结果表明95%乙醇及乙酸乙酯提取物在较低的质量浓度显示了较高的清除率;同时总酚含量测定结果显示95%乙醇和乙酸乙酯提取物所含总酚含量较高,这表明这两种溶剂提取物的抗氧化性与其提取物含有较高的酚类密切相关;亚铁离子螯合实验结果显示水提物的螯合效果优于其他溶剂提取物。结论:不同溶剂提取物抗氧化能力差别较大,总酚含量与抗氧化清除率具有相关性。     

两种地花菌子实体水提物抗氧化活性的研究

以总还原能力、自由基清除能力和螯合亚铁离子能力为指标,对蓝孔地花菌和绵地花菌子实体水提取物(WE)的体外抗氧化活性进行了评价,并以抗坏血酸(VC)为阳性对照。结果表明,2种地花菌WE具有较强抗氧化的活性,当蓝孔地花菌和绵地花菌WE浓度为2.5mg/m L时,清除DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子自由基、羟自由基、亚硝酸盐的能力及螯合亚铁离子的能力,分别达到94.92%和89.73%,76.72%和75.92%,81.64%和72.51%,92.06%和80.82%,78.28%和73.09%。2种地花菌相比,蓝孔地花菌WE的体外抗氧化力更强,抗氧化活性与其浓度呈明显的剂量效应关系。     

副干酪乳杆菌及其胞外多糖的抗氧化性研究

以具有抗氧化性的嗜酸乳杆菌ATCC4356为对照,研究了1株副干酪乳杆菌H9的抗氧化性。分析了2株菌不同浓度下菌悬液和无细胞提取液的DPPH自由基清除能力、金属离子螯合能力和抑制脂质过氧化能力。并对H9菌株菌悬液煮沸灭活前后的抗氧化能力进行了比较。同时,对H9菌株自产的胞外多糖的抗氧化性进行了研究,测定了其在不同浓度下DPPH自由基清除能力、超氧自由基清除能力、羟自由基清除能力。结果表明:H9菌株的菌悬液和无细胞提取液抗氧化能力均随着浓度的升高呈上升趋势,浓度达到109cfu/mL时抗氧化能力最强,此时DPPH的清除能力分别达到(55.0±1.7)%和(47.5±1.8)%,螯合金属离子的能力分别为(15.2±1.2)%和(15.1±1.3)%,抑制脂质过氧化的能力分别为(76.2±1.1)%和(70.0±0.4)%。煮沸后菌悬液抗氧化能力趋势与未煮沸前一致,但同等浓度下煮沸处理会降低其抗氧化能力。H9菌株自产胞外多糖也具有较强的抗氧化能力,并随着多糖浓度的升高抗氧化能力增强。结果表明H9菌株的抗氧化性可能与活细胞和菌体代谢产物密切相关。     

A comparative study on the antioxidative and anti‐allergic activities of fresh and aged black garlic extracts

The antioxidative and anti‐allergic activities of fresh and aged black garlic extracts were investigated. The garlic samples were extracted with 70% ethanol (v/v) and the total phenolic content was measured. The antioxidant capacity of extracts was assessed by determining the scavenging activities on 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl and hydroxyl radicals, ferricyanide reducing power, ferrous ion‐chelating ability and inhibitory effect on linoleic acid peroxidation. The anti‐allergic activity of extracts was analysed by measuring their inhibitory effects against β‐hexosaminidase release. The aged black garlic exhibited significantly higher phenolic content and greater antioxidative activity than fresh garlic. Both garlic extracts showed strong antioxidant capacity in a dose‐dependent manner. On the other hand, a considerably higher suppression of β‐hexosaminidase release was found in fresh garlic extract at lower concentration compared with that of the black garlic. Results of this study illustrate that ageing of garlic could enhance its antioxidant capacity, but could decrease its anti‐allergic activity.     

发酵肉制品中高抗氧化肉品发酵剂的筛选鉴定

为获得高抗氧化活性的天然肉品发酵剂,通过清除自由基、还原能力和抗脂质过氧化实验对来源于5种发酵肉制品中30株乳酸菌的发酵上清液、菌体细胞和胞内提取物的抗氧化活性进行研究,并按照肉品发酵剂的筛选标准对高抗氧化性的菌株进行筛选,鉴定出符合要求的菌株。结果表明:这30株乳酸菌具有不同的抗氧化能力且不同组分的抗氧化活性之间存在很大差异,发现菌株L23、L26和L28具有较高的抗氧化活性,其中L23符合肉品发酵剂的筛选标准,可作为天然高抗氧化性肉品发酵剂用于生产。经鉴定L23为希腊魏斯氏菌。     

Effect of adding ascorbic acid and glucose on the antioxidative properties during storage of dried carrot

In this study, carrots were treated with ascorbic acid (0.1%) in a glucose (1.0%) solution (AA-Glu), and then freeze-dried and hot-air-dried to investigate the effects on their antioxidant content after 30 days of storage. The antioxidant components were extracted from the carrot samples using methanol. To assess antioxidative properties, tests measured the samples’ reducing power, α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, and ferrous ion chelating power. The above antioxidative properties of carrot extracts were compared with α-tocopherol and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA). The analysis of antioxidant compounds included the total amount of ascorbic acid, total amount of phenolics, total amount of flavonoids, and carotenoids. The analysis showed that the samples immersed in AA-Glu solution prior to drying exhibited a higher antioxidative property than those not immersed.     

Evaluation of antioxidative performance of tomato extracts obtained by different methods

BACKGROUND: Two extraction methods employing tetrahydrofuran and phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) respectively were used to process tomatoes. The antioxidant contents and antioxidative properties of extracts of four tomato cultivars were measured. To evaluate the overall antioxidative capacity of the tomato extracts, an antioxidative performance index (API) was used, defined as the average of four antioxidative assays, i.e. relative reducing power, ferrous ion‐chelating ability, 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl free radical‐scavenging activity and superoxide radical‐scavenging activity. RESULTS: A linear correlation between the total antioxidant content (TAC) and API of tomato extracts was found that was independent of the extraction method and tomato cultivar. CONCLUSION: The concept of representing multiple antioxidant activities by a single index is useful for evaluating the overall antioxidative capacity of antioxidants in tomatoes. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

Antioxidant activities of red pepper (Capsicum annuum) pericarp and seed extracts

In this study, we examined the antioxidant activities of red pepper (Capsicum annuum, L.) pericarp and red pepper seed extracts. The extracts were evaluated by various antioxidant assays, including 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, hydroxyl radical scavenging, [2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzthiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid)] (ABTS) radical scavenging, ferrous chelating activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and reducing power, along with the determination of total phenolic and flavonoid contents. All the extracts showed strong antioxidant activity by the testing methods. The red pepper pericarp extract exhibited strong ferrous chelating activity and high scavenging activity against free radicals, including both the hydroxyl and DPPH radicals, but it exhibited weaker scavenging activity for the superoxide anion radical and for SOD. In contrast, the red pepper seed extract exhibited strong SOD activity and high scavenging activity against the superoxide anion radical, but showed weaker ferrous chelating activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging, and DPPH radical scavenging. We observed that the reducing power level and ABTS radical scavenging activity of the red pepper seed were higher than those of the red pepper pericarp at the highest tested concentration. Most of the test results for the red pepper seed and red pepper pericarp extracts increased markedly with increasing concentration; however, the metal chelating, SOD and ABTS radical scavenging activities did not increase with the concentration. Highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents were obtained from the red pepper pericarp extracts. Overall, the red pepper seed and red pepper pericarp extracts were highly effective for the antioxidant properties assayed, with the exceptions of ferrous chelating activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging and SOD activity.     

In vitro antioxidative and antimutagenic activities of oak mushroom (Lentinus edodes) and king oyster mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii) byproducts

The in vitro antioxidative and antimutagenic activities of ethanolic extracts from oak mushroom (Lentinus edodes) and king oyster mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii) byproducts were investigated. The antioxidant capacity of the extracts was assessed by determining the ferricyanide reducing power, scavenging activity on nitrite, DPPH radical, superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals, ferrous ion chelating ability, and inhibitory effect on linoleic acid peroxidation and xanthine oxidase. The antimutagenic activity, on the other hand, was based on the suppression of mitomycin C-induced mutagenesis in Escherichia coli cells. Both the mushroom extracts showed strong antioxidative and antimutagenic effects at higher concentrations. In general, extracts from the oak mushroom byproduct had greater antioxidative and antimutagenic abilities than that of the king oyster extract. Results of this study demonstrate that the mushroom byproducts possess strong antioxidant capacity in vitro and may be useful as a functional biomaterial in the preparation of health-promoting food products and animal feeds.     

乳酸菌对自由基清除能力的研究

研究了52株乳酸菌的细胞和无细胞提取物清除DPPH自由基的能力,从中筛选出了3株对DPPH自由基清除率较高的乳酸菌,并对它们清除超氧阴离子自由基、羟自由基的能力及其还原能力做了进一步研究。结果表明,ZS-2的无细胞提取物对DPPH的清除率最高(46.53%),对羟自由基具有较高的清除率(48.72%),但对超氧阴离子自由基没有清除作用;而FS-3和BCX-9细胞对羟自由基的清除率均高于它们的无细胞提取物,同时也具有较强的清除超氧阴离子的能力。其中,FS-3无细胞提取物对超氧阴离子自由基的清除率最高,3株菌均有一定的还原能力。研究表明,乳酸菌的细胞和无细胞提取物在体外实验中对各种自由基具有不同的清除能力。     

Antioxidant Activity of Ripe and Unripe Pepino Fruit (Solanum muricatum Aiton)

Abstract: Ripe and unripe exotic pepino fruit were evaluated for antioxidant activity, total phenols, and flavonoid content. The antioxidant potency was investigated by employing various established in vitro systems, such as 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2–2′‐azinobis(3‐ethylbenthiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid (ABTS), hydroxyl radical scavenging, reducing power, ferrous ion chelation, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and lipid peroxidation. The EC₅₀ values of ripe ethanolic extract on DPPH radical, reducing power, ferrous ion chelation, ABTS radical, FRAP, hydroxyl radical, lipid peroxidation (brain), and lipid peroxidation (liver) were obtained to be 2.20, 2.81, <5.00, 34.06, 8.53, 1.30, 1.75, and 0.51 mg/mL, respectively. However, the EC₅₀ values for unripe fruit extract were noted to be 3.75, 3.40, 11.25, 40.12, 9.75, 0.80, 1.91, and 0.63 mg/mL, respectively. Ripe fruit exhibited the highest values of antioxidant activity in all the scavenging assays except for hydroxyl radical scavenging assay. Ripe pepino had higher total phenol and flavonoid content than unripe fruit. This study suggests that possible mechanism of the biological activities may be due to free radical scavenging and antioxidant characteristics, which may be due to the presence of polyphenols in the fruit extracts. Practical Application: The ripe and unripe pepino fruit have excellent antioxidant properties, so the results obtained in this study clearly indicate that pepino fruit has a significant potential to use as a natural antioxidant agent and possibly as a food supplement.