蒙古绣线菊六个化合物及其挥发油化学成分和清除DPPH自由基活性、抗菌活性的测定分析（英文）

通过GC/MS对水蒸气蒸馏法提取的蒙古绣线菊枝、叶挥发油化学成分进行分析。挥发油的主要成分为脂肪酸及其衍生物,其中棕榈酸乙酯占挥发油总含量38.631%、反亚油酸乙酯23.576%、亚麻酸乙酯14.634%。通过硅胶柱色谱法分离和核磁鉴定,白桦脂醇(1)、羽扇豆醇-3,20-二醇(2)、1β-羟基-6,9-二烯-8-羰基-11-降-11-二酮(3)、3-(4-甲氧基苯基)丙醛(4)、豆甾醇(5)、β-谷甾醇(6)六个化合物从蒙古绣线菊枝、叶中分离出来。对它们清除DPPH自由基活性、抗菌活性也分别进行了测定。试验结果表明挥发油有良好的清除DPPH自由基活性(IC50=900μg/m L),对所选菌株没有明显的抗菌活性。化合物(4)显示出较强的清除DPPH自由基活性(IC50=13μg/m L),对黄曲霉、枯草芽孢杆菌和白色念珠菌均有明显的抑菌活性。化合物(3)清除DPPH自由基活性微弱,对黄曲霉和枯草芽孢杆菌显示明显的抑菌活性,这些研究结果对传统中草药的研究和新药物的研制具有一定的意义。     

白花菜子挥发油化学成分、抗氧化活性和抑菌活性的研究

本文对白花菜子挥发油的主要化学成分、抗氧化活性和抑菌活性进行了研究。采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取白花菜子挥发油,并用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS),经过NIST05谱库检索对比,对白花菜子挥发油化学成分进行分析,共鉴定出61个化合物,主要成分相对百分含量为反-9-十八碳烯酸(17.14%)、n-十六酸(9.91%)、n-癸酸(8.62%)、1,13-十四碳二烯(7.89%)、亚油酸(5.32%)、庚酸(4.21%)。抗氧化活性实验表明,白花菜子挥发油对1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼(DPPH·)自由基具有良好的清除效果。采用抑菌圈法测定白花菜子挥发油的抑菌活性,白花菜子挥发油对枯草芽孢杆菌、巨大芽孢杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌具有很强的抑制作用,白花菜子挥发油对大肠杆菌具有较强的抑制作用。研究表明,白花菜子挥发油具一定的抗氧化活性和抑菌活性,可能和它的化学成分有关。     

桂花子提取物体外抗氧化和抑菌活性的研究

研究桂花子黄酮和多糖清除DPPH自由基、羟自由基和ABTS+自由基的能力,以及桂花子黄酮对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌及枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌活性,为桂花子提取物的保健功能应用提供理论基础。抗氧化活性试验结果表明：在试验范围内,多糖对DPPH自由基、羟自由基和ABTS+自由基最高清除率分别为55.8%、48.5%、77.9%;黄酮对DPPH自由基、羟自由基和ABTS+自由基最高清除率分别为90.2%、40.3%、93.4%,桂花子黄酮和多糖对DPPH自由基、ABTS+自由基有较强的清除能力,对羟自由基的清除能力较弱。抑菌试验结果表明,桂花子黄酮对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌皆有抑制作用,对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的最低抑菌浓度为0.5 mg/mL,低于苯甲酸钠的最低抑菌浓度（0.625 mg/mL）;对枯草芽孢杆菌的最低抑菌浓度为0.25 mg/mL;明显低于苯甲酸钠的最低抑菌浓度（1.25 mg/mL）。     

新疆一枝蒿挥发油化学成分及抗氧化活性研究

用水蒸气蒸馏法从新疆一枝蒿中提取挥发油,利用GC-MS技术对其化学成分进行了分析和鉴定,并通过DPPH自由基清除体系和β-胡萝卜素漂白体系来评价新疆一枝蒿挥发油体外抗氧化作用。结果表明:共分离出49种组分,鉴定了其中的48种化合物,占总挥发油含量的89.82%,其主要成分为乙酸二氢香芹酯(31.54%)、2-羟基-3-(1-丙烯基)-1,4-萘醌(27.28%)等。抗氧化实验中,新疆一枝蒿挥发油在DPPH自由基清除体系中的IC50为0.195mg/mL,自由基清除能力相当于强抗氧化剂抗坏血酸(Vc)的70%～80%;在β-胡萝卜素漂白体系中的IC50为0.579mg/mL,抗脂质氧化能力相当于强抗氧化剂2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚(BHT)的85%～90%。表明新疆一枝蒿具有优异的抗氧化活性,且具有明显的量—效相关性。     

新疆凤仙花色素抑菌及抗氧化活性研究

以凤仙花为植物材料,采用滤纸片法以四种常见致病菌(金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和变形杆菌)为供试菌,测定凤仙花色素的体外抑菌作用;以还原力、清除DPPH自由基、羟基自由基的能力测定色素的抗氧化性能。结果表明凤仙花色素对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和变形杆菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)分别为1.563%、3.125%、3.125%、1.563%,其抑菌活性随着浓度的增大而逐渐增强;凤仙花色素具有较好的还原力、清除DPPH自由基和羟基自由基能力。     

襄麦冬黄酮提取及其体外活性研究

以襄麦冬为原料,利用索氏提取器提取黄酮并对其体外抗氧化(维生素C作为阳性对照)、抑菌活性进行研究。结果显示,襄麦冬黄酮的羟自由基清除能力、DPPH自由基清除能力比维生素C强,而其还原力、超氧阴离子自由基清除能力比维生素C弱。在一定浓度范围内,襄麦冬黄酮的抗氧化活性随其浓度的增加而增大。抑菌活性研究结果发现,襄麦冬黄酮对金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌均有一定的抑菌作用,对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌作用更强,最大抑菌圈直径可达18.80 mm,对金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的最小抑菌浓度均为7 mg/mL。结果表明,襄麦冬黄酮具有一定的抗氧化活性和抑菌活性,可为襄麦冬活性成分进一步开发利用提供参考。     

石花菜醇提物提取工艺及抗氧化、抗菌活性研究

在单因素实验基础上,通过响应面法优化石花菜醇提物的提取工艺。将石花菜醇提物经石油醚、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇依次萃取,研究不同萃取相的抗氧化和抑菌活性。结果表明,石花菜醇提物的最佳提取工艺为:60%乙醇溶液、料液比1∶35、提取时间64 min、超声功率350 W、提取温度55 ℃。在此条件下,石花菜醇提物得率为0.0165 g/g,DPPH自由基清除率为58.29%(质量浓度2 mg/mL)。不同萃取相抗氧化和抗菌活性均具有浓度依赖性,其中乙酸乙酯相活性最强,清除DPPH自由基、ABTS+自由基和羟基自由基的IC50值分别为672.4,14.1,599.7 μg/mL。对金黄色葡萄球菌和副溶血性弧菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)分别为156.3,156.3 μg/mL,最小杀菌浓度(MBC)分别为625,312.5 μg/mL。     

香榧叶精油的化学成分、抗氧化及抑菌活性的研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取香榧叶精油,利用气-质联用技术(GC-MS)测定其化学成分及含量,探究其抗氧化及抑菌活性,确定其最低抑菌浓度。结果表明：香榧叶精油中共鉴定出40种化学成分,占总量的99.74%,主要成分为柠檬烯、α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、香榧酯、β-谷甾醇、月桂烯、δ-杜松烯;具有较强的清除ABTS+自由基、DPPH自由基和羟自由基的能力,且清除能力要强于维生素C;香榧叶精油对黑曲霉菌、蜡样芽胞杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌都具有较强的抗菌活性,其最低抑菌浓度分别为：0.2、0.4、0.6、0.6、0.8、0.8 mg/mL。     

一年蓬花挥发油的体外抗氧化活性研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取一年蓬花的挥发油,以DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基和亚硝酸钠的清除作用为指标评价一年蓬花挥发油的体外抗氧化活性,并与维生素C(VC)和2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚(BHT)。研究结果表明:20%挥发油对DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基和亚硝酸钠有明显的清除作用,其IC50值分别为99.33、22.68、85.79μL。20%一年蓬花挥发油对DPPH自由基和亚硝酸钠的清除能力分别优于0.1mg/mL的维生素C和1mg/mL BHT;对ABTS自由基的清除能力略低于1mg/mL的维生素C。一年蓬花挥发油具有良好的体外抗氧化活性,样品量与清除率存在量效关系。     

不同化学型薄荷挥发油抗菌和抗氧化活性研究

为分析L-薄荷醇型、L-薄荷酮型、香芹酮型、胡薄荷酮型4种化学型薄荷挥发油的抗菌与抗氧化活性,采用气相色谱法对不同化学型薄荷挥发油中的特征性萜类成分进行定量分析,由纸片琼脂扩散法和二倍微量稀释法评估不同化学型薄荷挥发油及其纯品的抗菌能力,并以羟基自由基(·OH)清除率、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基(DPPH)清除率与总抗氧化能力为指标,综合分析不同化学型薄荷挥发油及其纯品的抗氧化活性。结果显示,纯品胡薄荷酮和L-薄荷醇的抗菌活性显著优于纯品香芹酮和L-薄荷酮;胡薄荷酮型和L-薄荷醇型薄荷挥发油抗菌活性显著优于香芹酮型和L-薄荷酮型,且不同化学型薄荷挥发油的抗菌活性与其纯品之间无显著差异,胡薄荷酮型薄荷挥发油对金黄色葡萄球菌抗菌活性最强,其抑菌圈直径(DIZ)最大,为22.75 mm,最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC)均最小,分别为0.16 mg/mL和0.31 mg/mL。纯品香芹酮的抗氧化活性强于其他3种纯品;香芹酮型薄荷挥发油的抗氧化活性优于其他3种化学型,香芹酮型薄荷挥发油清除·OH和DPPH自由基的半数抑制浓度(IC50)最小,分别为3.10 mg/mL和4.78 mg/mL。不同化学型薄荷挥发油的抗菌、抗氧化活性与其成分种类和含量有关,该研究可为薄荷品种选育和薄荷挥发油的开发应用提供参考。     

Cladonia lichens and their major metabolites as possible natural antioxidant,antimicrobial and anticancer agents

The aim of this study is to investigate in vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities of the acetone extracts of the lichens Cladonia furcata, Cladonia pyxidata and Cladonia rangiferina and their atranorin and fumarprotocetraric acid constituents. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by free radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, reducing power, and determination of total phenolic and flavonoid compounds. As a result of the study atranorin had largest free radical scavenging activity with IC₅₀ values 131.48 μg/mL. Moreover, the tested samples had effective reducing power and superoxide anion radical scavenging. Total content of phenol and flavonoid in extracts was determined as pyrocatechol equivalent, and as rutin equivalent, respectively. The strong relationships between total phenolic and flavonoid contents and the antioxidant effect of tested extracts were observed. The antimicrobial activity was estimated by determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration by the broth microdilution method. The most active was fumarprotocetraric acid with minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 0.031 to 0.125 mg/mL. Anticancer activity was tested against FemX (human melanoma) and LS174 (human colon carcinoma) cell lines using MTT method. All samples were found to be strong anticancer activity toward both cell lines with IC₅₀ values ranging from 10.97 to 41.23 μg/mL.     

Antioxidant,Antibacterial, and Antiproliferative Activities of Free and Bound Phenolics from Peel and Flesh of Fuji Apple

This study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiproliferative activities of flesh free (FF), flesh bound (FB), peel free (PF), and peel bound (PB) phenolics from Fuji apple. The PB, which had highest total phenolic contents (126.15 ± 2.41 mg/100 g wet weight) and lowest total carbohydrate contents (34.68 ± 2.78 mg/100 g wet weight), showed the strongest 2,2’‐azinobis‐(3‐ethylbenthiazoline‐6‐sulphonate) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity (EC₅₀ = 0.36 ± 0.02 mg/mL), 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picryhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity (EC₅₀ = 0.26 ± 0.01 mg/mL), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (Ferric reducing antioxidant power; EC₅₀ = 0.19 ± 0.02 mg/mL) compared with those of FF, FB, and PF. The PB also showed the strongest antibacterial activities on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes and it also showed the highest antiproliferative effects on Caco‐2 human colonic cancer cell (EC₅₀ = 1.44 ± 0.01 mg/mL) and Hela human cervical cell (EC₅₀ = 2.81 ± 0.01 mg/mL). Both free and bound phenolics from Fuji apple showed good antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiproliferative activities in our study, and bound phenolics had significantly higher activities compared with those of free phenolics.     

驴乳的营养成分及其保健作用的研究进展

驴乳作为营养品广泛使用已有数千年的历史,因其含有多种营养成分和生物活性,是婴幼儿、老年及体弱者补充营养物质的重要来源。该文综述驴乳的营养成分和抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化、抗过敏等保健作用,以期为驴乳产业提供新的方向和理论支持。     

Antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer activities of three Parmelia species

BACKGROUND: Lichens are symbiotic organisms consisting of algae and fungi. They are used for human and animal nutrition and in the production of colours, perfumes and alcohol. Lichens have also been used in traditional medicine to treat diseases such as jaundice, pulmonary, stomach and cranial diseases. In this study the acetone extracts of three lichens, Parmelia caperata, Parmelia sulcata and Parmelia saxatilis, were tested for their antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer potential. RESULTS: Of the lichens tested, P. saxatilis had the highest free radical‐scavenging activity (55.3% inhibition). Moreover, all tested extracts showed effective reducing power and superoxide anion radical scavenging. Strong relationships between total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant effects of the tested extracts were observed. The extract of P. sulcata was most active in terms of antimicrobial ability, with minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 0.78 to 12.5 mg L^?1. All extracts were found to have strong anticancer activity, with IC₅₀ values ranging from 9.55 to 22.95 µg mL^?1. CONCLUSION: The present study showed that the tested lichen extracts exhibited strong antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer effects. This suggests that lichens may be used as possible natural antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer agents. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

Antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer activity of 3 Umbilicaria species

Abstract: The aim of this study is to investigate in vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer activity of the acetone extracts of the lichens Umbilicaria crustulosa, U. cylindrica, and U. polyphylla. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by 5 separate methods: free radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, reducing power, determination of total phenolic compounds, and determination of total flavonoid content. Of the lichens tested, U. polyphylla had largest free radical scavenging activity (72.79% inhibition at a concentration of 1 mg/mL), which was similar as standard antioxidants in the same concentration. Moreover, the tested extracts had effective reducing power and superoxide anion radical scavenging. Total content of phenol and flavonoid in extracts was determined as pyrocatechol equivalent, and as rutin equivalent, respectively. The strong relationships between total phenolic and flavonoid contents and the antioxidant effect of tested extracts were observed. The antimicrobial activity was estimated by determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration by the broth microdilution method. The most active was extract of U. polyphylla with minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 1.56 to 12.5 mg/mL. Anticancer activity was tested against FemX (human melanoma) and LS174 (human colon carcinoma) cell lines using MTT method. All extracts were found to be strong anticancer activity toward both cell lines with IC₅₀ values ranging from 28.45 to 97.82 μg/mL. The present study shows that tested lichen extracts demonstrated a strong antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer effects. That suggests that lichens may be used as possible natural antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer agents.     

浏阳豆豉发酵中高产酶活菌株的分离鉴定及酶活性分析

从浏阳豆豉发酵过程中分离产高酶活菌株,通过形态观察结合分子生物学技术进行鉴定,并对其产蛋白酶、脂肪酶及纤维素酶的活性进行分析。结果表明,分离得到3株菌（编号为000、5132、621）均被鉴定为溜曲霉菌（Aspergillus tamarri）。3株菌的蛋白酶、脂肪酶及纤维素酶的活性测定结果表明,菌株621蛋白酶活性最强,为（207.98±3.20）U/mL;菌株5132的纤维素酶活性最强,为（3.40±1.40）U/mL;菌株000的脂肪酶活性最高,为（90.7±0.64）U/mL。     

姜黄素的抗氧化及抗肿瘤活性研究

本文采用分光光度法测定姜黄素对ABTS和DPPH自由基的清除能力;运用AAPH诱导红细胞氧化性溶血考察姜黄素对AAPH诱导人血红细胞损伤的抑制作用。通过MTT方法考察姜黄素对A375恶性黑色素瘤生长状态的影响,并用流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡数量;运用Western blot测定姜黄素对JNK和Akt蛋白表达的影响。结果表明,姜黄素对DPPH和ABTS自由基具有较好的清除能力,呈浓度和时间依赖性;同时,姜黄素能有效抑制AAPH诱导红细胞溶血,当姜黄素为40μM时,溶血抑制率达到52.78±1.03%。MTT结果表明,随着姜黄素浓度的升高,A375细胞存活率逐渐下降,当姜黄素为40μM,A375的细胞存活率仅为21.50±1.60%。流式分析发现,随着姜黄素浓度的提高,细胞凋亡峰(Sub G1)的含量逐渐增加。当姜黄素为40μM时,细胞内Sub G1峰的含量达到了63.30%。进一步Western blot分析发现姜黄素诱导A375细胞凋亡与上调JNK磷酸化的水平和下调AKt磷酸化的水平有关。     

生姜与醋泡姜抗氧化、抑菌和抗肿瘤活性比较研究

本文研究了生姜和醋泡姜的姜油和姜乙醇提取物的抗氧化、抑菌和抗肿瘤作用的活性差异。以抗坏血酸为对照,评价两类姜提取物的抗氧化活性(DPPH自由基、ABTS+自由基、羟自由基(·OH)清除能力和总还原能力);以96孔板微量稀释法比较了两类姜提取物对几种常见致病菌的抑菌活性;同时研究了两类姜提取物对HCT116(人结肠癌细胞)、HepG2(人肝癌细胞)、Skov3(卵巢癌细胞)等肿瘤细胞的抗癌效果。结果表明:醋泡姜的抗氧化活性总体上好于生姜,其中醋姜油对羟自由基(·OH)的清除能力(IC₅₀为0.28 mg/mL)明显强于生姜油(IC₅₀为0.42 mg/mL);生姜和醋泡生姜提取物都有一定的抑菌作用,醋姜油的抑菌效果稍好于生姜油,其中最好的是醋姜油对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用(156.25 μg/mL);抗肿瘤活性基本相当。本研究结果表明,醋泡姜在抗氧化、抑菌功能上一定程度优于生姜。     

鲜天麻内生菌分离鉴定及功能活性探究

目的:明确天麻内生菌及其代谢产物的活性。方法:采用组织匀浆法和划线法从秦巴地区鲜天麻中分离纯化内生菌,测定其抗菌、抗氧化及抗肿瘤活性,并对高活性菌株进行分子生物学鉴定。结果:从鲜天麻内部分离得到4株菌,其中内生菌B1、B2对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌具有良好的抗菌活性,内生菌B2对金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌圈直径达26.33 mm。4株菌均有一定的抗氧化活性,其中,内生菌B1对DPPH自由基的清除能力为69.13%。内生菌B2、B3、B4对HEK293T细胞有一定的抑制作用,其中内生菌B2的最高抑制率可达40.40%。分子生物学方法鉴定结果表明,内生菌B1、B2为贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensis),内生菌B3为Lelliottia sp.,内生菌B4为水生拉恩菌(Rahnella aquatilis)。结论:分离纯化的鲜天麻内生菌具有抑菌和抗氧化活性。     

Antioxidant properties of water and ethanol extracts from hot air-dried and freeze-dried daylily flowers

Daylily (Hemerocallis fulva Linn.) flowers were hot air-dried and freeze-dried after harvest. Water and ethanol extracts were prepared from these dried flowers and their antioxidant properties were evaluated using total antioxidant activity, reducing capacity, metal chelating activity, and DPPH and superoxide anion radical scavenging activities, comparing with standards. Extracts from daylily flowers exhibited strong antioxidant activity. Ethanol was more efficienct to extract antioxidants than water and that freeze-drying preserved higher activities than air-drying. Ethanol extract from freeze-dried daylily flowers showed the highest antioxidant activity and phenol content.