SDS—PAGE宠物食品蛋白方法测定热变性程度

将干性宠物食品样品先用双蒸水处理，然后对加热处理和未加热处理的相同样品，采用SDS—PAGE（十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳）方法测定宠物干性食品蛋白热变性程度，以确保加工出厂的宠物干性食品中心温度达到规定的加热温度及加热时间。     

重组羧肽酶B及其包涵体溶解性的研究

目的 构建重组羧肽酶B（rCPB）的表达质粒和表达菌株，表达羧肽酶B（CPB），并对表达CPB包涵体的溶解性进行研究。方法构建CPB重组质粒pET-21a—CPB，将其导入表达菌株BL21（DE3）中，分别在25℃和37℃进行诱导表达；所得包涵体分别用不同浓度尿素添加不同还原剂溶解，以溶液中的蛋白质浓度判定其溶解性，利用非还原SDS—PAGE分析其溶解性提高的原因。结果诱导后生长温度不同对rCPB包涵体的纯度及后期处理均有影响；rCPB包涵体在10mol／L尿素溶液中的溶解度比在8mol／L尿素溶液中提高2-3倍；添加0．75％β-巯基乙醇能显著改善rCPB包涵体的溶解效果。经非还原SDS—PAGE分析，添加β-巯基乙醇后，溶解rCPB聚体的含量减少。结论成功地表达了rCPB，并通过实验提高了rCPB包涵体的溶解度。     

运用化学传感器研究煎炸大豆油的品质变化

目的 探究加热温度、时间与大豆油品质之间的关系,为建立大豆油指纹图谱,实现快速检测奠定基础。方法 运用化学传感器对不同加热温度和加热时间的大豆油进行检测,分别采用主成分分析(PCA)和线性判别式分析(LDA)两种方法对加热温度为120℃,180℃和220℃的大豆油以及加热时间为0.5h,2.5h和5h的大豆油进行分析。结果 电子鼻能够显著区分出不同加热温度、加热时间下处理的大豆油,对大豆油挥发性物质的变化有较好的识别,而LDA方法比PCA方法更加有效。结论 大豆油指纹图谱的建立,可以用于“回锅油”的快速检测,保证煎炸食品的食用安全。     

酶脱支处理对玉米缓慢消化淀粉形成的影响

以玉米原淀粉为原料,研究普鲁兰酶脱支处理糊化后制备缓慢消化淀粉(slowly digestible starch,SDS)过程中各影响因素(温度、p H值、酶用量、贮藏及干燥条件)对SDS形成的影响。结果表明,在57.5℃、p H 4.9、酶用量60 U/g的条件下脱支8 h,然后煮沸灭酶30 min,再经4℃冷藏、60℃干燥后,可得SDS含量为31.09%的产品。原淀粉、酶脱支处理样品及脱支并去除快速消化淀粉样品的X射线衍射图谱表明,脱支处理后,玉米淀粉结晶结构由A型向B型转变。因此,通过酶脱支处理提高SDS含量的可能原因是形成了新的结晶结构,SDS含量与结晶的数量和质量有关。采用酶法制备SDS具有较好的工业化应用前景。     

木瓜蛋白酶水解大豆分离蛋白的研究

大豆分离蛋白经过加热预处理、木瓜蛋白酶2hr酶解后，水解度比来处理提高1倍，最佳处理条件为：90℃，10min。水解度的变化和大豆分高蛋白的SH含量变化有关。通过极差分析木瓜蛋白酶水解大豆分高蛋白正交实验。结果表明最佳水解条件为：PH＝7．0，E：S＝2．0％，温度55℃，反应时间12hr。通过SDS－PAGE电泳分析水解物得出：大豆蛋白的7S成分和11S的酸性亚单位容易被木瓜蛋白酶作用，11S的碱性亚单位由于被酸性亚单位包裹较难水解．酶解物的分子量为2．1万以下。     

蒜氨酸的热解动力学研究

目的研究蒜氨酸在加工过程中的受热变化规律。方法分别在333.15、353.15和362.15 K温度下加热纯蒜氨酸溶液,并用高效液相色谱法测定其蒜氨酸的含量、分析其变化规律。结果蒜氨酸受热后分解而含量下降;其热分解反应为一级反应,降解过程遵循阿累尼乌斯方程:k=4.38×1017exp(-142494/RT),在333.15、353.15和362.15 K(即60、80和89℃)温度时的半衰期分别为577.5、32.08和9.3 h。外推法计算出其在室温下(25℃)的半衰期为104 d。结论蒜氨酸的热稳定性较好;但受热仍会分解,故应尽量减少大蒜加工过程中的受热处理。     

芡实谷蛋白提取工艺优化及其亚基组成分析

为了优化芡实谷蛋白提取工艺以及分析其亚基组成。采用碱溶酸沉法提取芡实谷蛋白,运用响应面法优化其工艺条件。通过单因素试验考察液料比、温度、时间以及碱浓度对芡实谷蛋白提取率的影响,采用Box-Behnken设计方法建立谷蛋白提取的数学模型,并通过SDS—PAGE凝胶电泳对芡实谷蛋白亚基组成进行分析。结果表明,芡实谷蛋白的最佳提取工艺条件为:液料比10.3(V/m),温度51℃,时间2.2 h,碱浓度4.5 g/L。该条件下,芡实谷蛋白提取率可达32.45%,与理论值32.55%无显著差异(P0.05),说明该回归模型具有良好的预测性,可通过该法指导提取芡实谷蛋白。同时通过对芡实谷蛋白SDS—PAGE凝胶电泳分析,发现芡实谷蛋白中15 k D亚基含量最高,占52.4%。这为构建芡实谷蛋白指纹图谱提供理论依据。     

高静压对大豆分离蛋白变性作用的研究

本文采用SDS—PAGE凝胶电泳和DSC差示热扫描的方法对100—400Mpa高静压处理的大豆分离蛋白溶液进行研究。探讨高静压处理对大豆分离蛋白分子结构和热力学性质的影响，发现常温下，大豆分离蛋白经400MPa的压力处理30min后出现降解，分子量为53K和43K的两个亚基解离形成分子量分别为48K、40K和15K的三个亚基，而大豆分离蛋白经100MPa、200MPa、300MPa分别处理30min时没有出现降解；同时，经400MPa压力处理30min的大豆分离蛋白的热变性分降低热变性温度升高。     

富含1,3-甘油二酯猪脂肪的热稳定性分析

以酶法改性富含1,3-甘油二酯(diglyceride,DG)的猪脂为原料,采用烘箱法模拟加热过程,研究长时间高温加热对改性猪脂中脂肪酸成分的影响,并结合酸价(acid value,AV)、过氧化值(peroxide value,POV)、丙二醛含量(malondialdehyde,MDA)和羰基价(carbonyl group value,CGV)等指标的变化分析,探究热处理对富含1,3-DG猪脂肪品质的影响。结果表明,随着加热温度的升高和加热时间的延长,改性猪脂中饱和脂肪酸(saturated fatty acids,SFA)及反式脂肪酸(trans-fatty acids,TFAs)含量逐渐上升,多不饱和脂肪酸(polyunsaturated fatty acids,PUFA)含量逐渐下降,单不饱和脂肪酸(monounsaturated fatty acid,MUFA)含量在150、180℃加热时逐渐上升,在210℃加热4 h达到最大值后开始降低。改性猪脂受热过程中,其酸价较稳定,过氧化值随受热强度的增强而升高,但上升趋势随着温度增高变缓,丙二醛含量与受热强度呈正相关变化,在150、180℃加热4 h,210℃加热2 h分别达到最大值后开始降低,羰基价亦与受热强度呈正相关变化,并于加热210℃6 h后超过国家煎炸油标准(50 meq/kg)。结论:改性猪脂在高温长时间下加热会导致油脂品质下降,且加热时间越长、加热温度越高品质劣变越明显,因此改性猪脂要避免在高温长时间下加热。     

温度和大豆分离蛋白质量浓度对其亚基的影响

用差示量热扫描（DSC）和SDS—PAGE电泳分析研究了温度和大豆分离蛋白（SPI）质量浓度对其亚基的影响。结果表明：SPI经80℃热处理后,其上清液中11S的A—B亚基间的二硫键未断开;100℃热处理后,A—BN因二硫键断开而解离。SPI热处理时,当质量浓度达到60g／L以上,B和卢亚基几乎完全沉淀,而A、α’和α亚基通过二硫键相互作用形成可溶性聚集物。该研究结果可为SPI生产中的热处理提供一定的理论指导。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

Focus on China's Paper Industry

In the English section of this issue, 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 will introduce ＂National Development and Reform Commission Issued Announcement for Selection of Major Preliminary Research Projects for the ＇13th Five-Year Plan＇＂, ＂2013 Annual Report of China＇s Paper Industry＂, and news of projects and other policies.     

Listen to downstream & search for innovation

正Nowadays,textile enterprises are all taking efforts in transformation and upgrading,like improving producing capacity and optimizing production structure to face market downturn.It claimed a higher request to the standard of textile equipments.In the upcoming of ITMA ASIA+CITME 2014exhibition,this magazine have interviewed several branch associations and a series of relative enterprises,to summarize industrial developing status