不确定环境下码头堆场设备集成调度优化

集装箱码头堆场设备调度优化中,对确定条件下的内集卡和场桥的联合调度研究较多,且没有考虑外集卡的随机到达情况。考虑内集卡和场桥作业过程中的不确定性因素,包括：内集卡行驶速度,场桥行走速度和作业时间,并考虑外集卡随机到达堆场对于内集卡调度作业的影响,构建了不确定因素条件下的堆场设备集成调度优化模型,其优化目标是在考虑外集卡随机到达的情况下,最优化堆场设备的作业时间。设计了求解模型的粒子群算法,并比较了一般确定性模型和考虑不确定因素优化模型的结果。算例结果表明,所建立的模型和算法能有效真实地反映不确定因素对集装箱码头堆场设备作业的影响。     

考虑集装箱簇边装边卸的港口集卡调度模型求解

文章在集装箱装卸作业问题中,以集装箱簇为作业单位,分两阶段分析集装箱在岸桥集卡间的调度方案,以集卡空驶率最小与移动距离最短为目标,建立了整数规划模型。针对上述模型,文章利用启发式算法与自适应遗传算法对问题进行分析求解。最后通过配置不同集卡数量,将其移动总距离以及空驶效率进行比较,并与禁忌搜索算法相对比。试验结果表明,启发式自适应遗传算法的计算结果在空驶率以及移动总距离最小问题上有更优的解决方案。     

海铁联运港口混合作业模式下轨道吊与集卡协同调度

在集装箱海铁联运港口中,铁路作业区作为连接铁路运输和水路运输的重要节点,其装卸效率将影响集装箱海铁联运的整体效率。首先,对比分析了“船舶-列车”作业模式和“船舶-堆场-列车”作业模式的特点,并结合海铁联运港口实际作业情况提出了混合作业模式。然后,以轨道吊完工时间最短为目标构建混合整数规划模型,既考虑了班列和船舶的作业时间窗约束,又考虑了轨道吊间干扰和安全距离、轨道吊和集卡接续作业和等待时间等现实约束。针对遗传算法在局部搜索能力方面的不足,将启发式规则与遗传算法相结合设计了求解轨道吊与集卡协同调度问题的混合遗传算法（HGA）,并进行了数值实验。实验结果验证了所提模型和混合算法的有效性。最后通过设计实验分析集装箱数量、岸边箱占比、轨道吊数量和集卡数量对轨道吊完工时间和集卡完工时间的影响,发现同等集装箱数量下岸边箱占比提高时,应通过增加轨道吊数量来有效缩短完工时间。     

堆场龙门吊调度问题研究

在集装箱码头作业中,龙门吊是非常重要的码头资源,如何更合理地调度龙门吊对减少船舶在港时间,提高码头效率有重要意义。在综合考虑龙门吊在时间和空间上的不可跨越性以及其他约束条件的基础上,建立了龙门吊调度问题的混合整数规划模型,目标是使得集卡的等待时间最短。由于问题计算的复杂性,引进遗传算法来求解模型;算例验证了算法的有效性,与已有的模型进行比较,证明了该模型的优越性。     

考虑作业状态能耗的集装箱码头设备协调调度

绿色港口日渐成为港口发展的必然趋势,为了提高集装箱码头的服务水平及降低其能耗,综合分析了集装箱码头的装卸作业流程,考虑岸桥、场桥、集卡在不同作业状态下的能耗,且以总完工时间和总作业能耗最小为目标建立了多目标混合整数规划模型。使用MATLAB编码改进自适应遗传算法求解所建模型,并分别与CPLEX和原始遗传算法的求解结果作对比,证明了该算法的优秀性。更改能耗目标和作业时间目标所占权重进行求解,发现考虑各设备在不同作业状态下的能耗会影响总完工时间,且能耗与作业时间是相互冲突的目标,追求低能耗会造成作业效率的牺牲。分析结果表明,所建模型和算法在岸桥、场桥和集卡的协调调度问题中可以帮助决策者更好地权衡作业时间和能耗目标。     

混堆模式下基于动态规则NSGA Ⅱ的自动堆垛起重机作业优化

针对外集卡到达时间的不确定性,提出自动堆垛起重机（ASC）作业序列的动态优化,从而以减少ASC作业完成时间以及ASC和外集卡等待时间为目的,提高自动化集装箱码头堆场的作业效率。首先,结合混堆模式下集装箱作业类型与外集卡动态到达的特点,提出ASC动态匹配外集卡作业任务的策略;其次,构建ASC作业时间最短与ASC和外集卡等待时间最短的多目标模型;最后,设计基于动态规则的非支配排序遗传算法Ⅱ （DRNSGA Ⅱ）作为求解算法。在小规模算例实验中,分别运用DRNSGA Ⅱ与遗传算法（GA）求解动态策略和随机策略下的ASC作业问题。实验结果表明,DRNSGA Ⅱ求解的动态策略下目标函数值优于随机策略28.2%,并且动态策略下DRNSGA Ⅱ的求解结果优于遗传算法23.3%。在大规模算例实验中,比较了DRNSGA Ⅱ与多目标粒子群优化（MOPSO）两种算法的性能。实验结果表明DRNSGA Ⅱ的求解结果优于MOPSO算法6.7%。可见DRNSGA Ⅱ能够快速生成多样化的非支配解,为混堆模式下的ASC动态作业提供决策支持。     

集装箱码头装卸作业的调度控制模型及算法设计

对集装箱码头上装卸作业的调度控制直接影响码头的整体运营效率．本文研究了集装箱码头装卸作业的调度控制问题,提出了一个基于柔性化flow shop的集成化控制模型．该问题具有非线性规划(NP：non- polynomial)难度,因此本文开发设计了两类基于优先级规则的启发式调度算法．利用该模型来对码头中多种装卸设备进行总体调度可以提高设备之间的协调性,提高码头效率,降低成本．实验研究证明算法能有效地解决该问题．     

不确定干扰约束下外集卡提箱策略

为提高集装箱码头作业效率,降低不确定干扰因素对外集卡提箱作业的影响,提出以滚动窗口策略处理干扰因素的方法,并建立以作业延误惩罚成本与场桥移动成本最小化为目标的混合整数模型,采用遗传算法（GA）进行求解。首先,利用滚动窗口策略得到在无干扰因素情况下的外集卡提箱作业调度方案;其次,当出现干扰因素时触发滚动窗口再调度机制对外集卡提箱作业顺序重新安排;最后,计算出各滚动窗口内最优的调度方案,提出总计划时间内最优作业方案。通过对不同情景下的案例求解结果进行对比分析,实验结果表明在无干扰情况下,滚动窗口策略下的最小作业成本比传统作业方式下降低了9%,而在干扰情况下滚动窗口策略优于传统作业方式15%,进而验证了算法的有效性以及滚动窗口策略对外集卡提箱作业的优越性。     

基于时间窗的双小车岸桥与AGV协调调度研究

针对自动化集装箱码头（automated container terminals,ACT）的自动导引车 ( automatic guided vehicle,AGVs) 与自动化双小车岸桥（double-trolley quay cranes,QCs）协调调度优化问题,以上海洋山港四期工程的实际布局和装卸工艺为基础,考虑装卸同时进行条件下以最小化任务总完工时间为目标,建立带有时间窗约束的双小车岸桥和AGV的协调调度模型,并采用遗传算法对实际算例进行求解。通过灵敏度分析,验证了该模型及算法的有效性,并对遗传算法参数设置的有效性进行检验。结果分析表明,该调度方法有助于提高自动化集装箱码头的作业效率,减少集装箱船的在港时间,提高码头竞争力。     

混堆集装箱箱区内场桥调度模型与算法

在混堆模式下的集装箱港口中,场桥（YC）调度是否合理直接影响着堆场的作业效率。考虑到混堆箱区内各任务对应的内集卡或外集卡到达时刻的不同,以及内外集卡优先级别的差异,构建了一个以所有集卡的等待成本和场桥的总移动成本最小为目标的场桥调度（YCS）模型,并设计了对应的遗传算法,给出了相应遗传算子的操作规则,通过算例的求解验证了模型与算法的有效性。     

Formulation and parameter selection of multi-objective deterministic particle swarm for simulation-based optimization

Global derivative-free deterministic algorithms are particularly suitable for simulation-based optimization, where often the existence of multiple local optima cannot be excluded a priori, the derivatives of the objective functions are not available, and the evaluation of the objectives is computationally expensive, thus a statistical analysis of the optimization outcomes is not practicable. Among these algorithms, particle swarm optimization (PSO) is advantageous for the ease of implementation and the capability of providing good approximate solutions to the optimization problem at a reasonable computational cost. PSO has been introduced for single-objective problems and several extension to multi-objective optimization are available in the literature. The objective of the present work is the systematic assessment and selection of the most promising formulation and setup parameters of multi-objective deterministic particle swarm optimization (MODPSO) for simulation-based problems. A comparative study of six formulations (varying the definition of cognitive and social attractors) and three setting parameters (number of particles, initialization method, and coefficient set) is performed using 66 analytical test problems. The number of objective functions range from two to three and the number of variables from two to eight, as often encountered in simulation-based engineering problems. The desired Pareto fronts are convex, concave, continuous, and discontinuous. A full-factorial combination of formulations and parameters is investigated, leading to more than 60,000 optimization runs, and assessed by three performance metrics. The most promising MODPSO formulation/parameter is identified and applied to the hull-form optimization of a high-speed catamaran in realistic ocean conditions. Its performance is finally compared with four stochastic algorithms, namely three versions of multi-objective PSO and the genetic algorithm NSGA-II.     

Real-time dynamic optimization of batch systems

In this paper a methodology for designing and implementing a real-time optimizing controller for batch processes is proposed. The controller is used to optimize a user-defined cost function subject to a parameterization of the input trajectories, a nominal model of the process and general state and input constraints. An interior point method with penalty function is used to incorporate constraints into a modified cost functional, and a Lyapunov based extremum seeking approach is used to compute the trajectory parameters. The technique is applicable to general nonlinear systems. A precise statement of the numerical implementation of the optimization routine is provided. It is shown how one can take into account the effect of sampling and discretization of the parameter update law in practical situations. A simulation example demonstrates the applicability of the technique.     

Multiobjective optimization of trusses using genetic algorithms

In this paper we propose the use of the genetic algorithm (GA) as a tool to solve multiobjective optimization problems in structures. Using the concept of min–max optimum, a new GA-based multiobjective optimization technique is proposed and two truss design problems are solved using it. The results produced by this new approach are compared to those produced by other mathematical programming techniques and GA-based approaches, proving that this technique generates better trade-offs and that the genetic algorithm can be used as a reliable numerical optimization tool.     

An integrated approach to topology,sizing, and shape optimization

Topology optimization has become very popular in industrial applications, and most FEM codes have implemented certain capabilities of topology optimization. However, most codes do not allow simultaneous treatment of sizing and shape optimization during the topology optimization phase. This poses a limitation on the design space and therefore prevents finding possible better designs since the interaction of sizing and shape variables with topology modification is excluded. In this paper, an integrated approach is developed to provide the user with the freedom of combining sizing, shape, and topology optimization in a single process.     

多元插值全局优化算法及其应用

本文介绍一种多元插值逼近和动态搜索轨迹相结合的全局优化算法.该算法大大减少了目标函数计算次数,寻优收敛速度快,算法稳定,且可获得全局极小,有效地解决了大规模非线性复杂动态系统的参数优化问题.一个具有8个控制参数的电力系统优化控制问题,采用该算法仅访问目标函数78次,便可求得最优控制器参数。     

Effects of dominant wolves in grey wolf optimization algorithm

Bio-inspired computation is one of the emerging soft computing techniques of the past decade. Although they do not guarantee optimality, the underlying reasons that make such algorithms become popular are indeed simplicity in implementation and being open to various improvements. Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO), which derives inspiration from the hierarchical order and hunting behaviours of grey wolves in nature, is one of the new generation bio-inspired metaheuristics. GWO is first introduced to solve global optimization and mechanical design problems. Next, it has been applied to a variety of problems. As reported in numerous publications, GWO is shown to be a promising algorithm, however, the effects of characteristic mechanisms of GWO on solution quality has not been sufficiently discussed in the related literature. Accordingly, the present study analyses the effects of dominant wolves, which clearly have crucial effects on search capability of GWO and introduces new extensions, which are based on the variations of dominant wolves. In the first extension, three dominant wolves in GWO are evaluated first. Thus, an implicit local search without an additional computational cost is conducted at the beginning of each iteration. Only after repositioning of wolf council of higher-ranks, the rest of the pack is allowed to reposition. Secondarily, dominant wolves are exposed to learning curves so that the hierarchy amongst the leading wolves is established throughout generations. In the final modification, the procedures of the previous extensions are adopted simultaneously. The performances of all developed algorithms are tested on both constrained and unconstrained optimization problems including combinatorial problems such as uncapacitated facility location problem and 0-1 knapsack problem, which have numerous possible real-life applications. The proposed modifications are compared to the standard GWO, some other metaheuristic algorithms taken from the literature and Particle Swarm Optimization, which can be considered as a fundamental algorithm commonly employed in comparative studies. Finally, proposed algorithms are implemented on real-life cases of which the data are taken from the related publications. Statistically verified results point out significant improvements achieved by proposed modifications. In this regard, the results of the present study demonstrate that the dominant wolves have crucial effects on the performance of GWO.     

云搜索优化算法

本文将云的生成、动态运动、降雨和再生成等自然现象与智能优化算法的思想融合,建立了一种新的智能优化算法-云搜索优化算法(CSO)。生成与移动的云可以弥漫于整个搜索空间,这使得新算法具有较强的全局搜索能力;收缩与扩张的云团在形态上会有千奇百态的变化,这使得算法具有较强的局部搜索能力;降雨后产生新的云团可以保持云团的多样性,这也是使搜索避免陷入局优的有效手段。实验表明,基于这三点建立的新算法具有优异的性能,benchmark函数最优值的计算结果以及与已有智能优化算法的比较展现了新算法精确的、稳定的全局求解能力。     

粒子群算法在组合优化问题上的研究与发展

粒子群优化算法是一种新兴的基于群智能搜索的优化技术。该算法简单、易实现、参数少,具有较强的全局优化能力,可有效应用于科学与工程实践中。介绍了算法的基本原理和算法在组合优化上一些改进方法的主要应用形式。最后,对粒子群算法作了一些深入分析并在此基础上对粒子群算法应用于组合优化问题做了一些总结。     

Value Creation in a Network: The Role of Pricing and Revenue Optimization and Enterprise Profit OptimizationTM

The Internet has created a virtual upheaval in the structural features of the supply and demand chains for most businesses. New agents and marketplaces have surfaced. The potential to create value and enhance profitable opportunities has attracted both buyers and sellers to the Internet. Yet, the Internet has proven to be more complex than originally thought. With information comes complexity: the more the information in real time, the greater the difficulty in interpretation and absorption. How can the value-creating potential of the Internet still be realized, its complexity notwithstanding? This paper argues that with the emergence of innovative tools, the expectations of the Internet as a medium for enhanced profit opportunities can still be realized. Creating value on a continuing basis is central to sustaining profitable opportunities. This paper provides an overview of the value creation process in electronic networks, the emergence of the Internet as a viable business communication and collaboration medium, the proclamation by many that the future of the Internet resides in “embedded intelligence”, and the perspectives of pragmatists who point out the other facet of the Internet—its complexity. The paper then reviews some recent new tools that have emerged to address this complexity. In particular, the promise of Pricing and Revenue Optimization (PRO) and Enterprise Profit Optimization^TM (EPO) tools is discussed. The paper suggests that as buyers and sellers adopt EPO, the market will see the emergence of a truly intelligent network—a virtual network—of private and semi-public profitable communities.     

A New Subdivision Algorithm for the Bernstein Polynomial Approach to Global Optimization

In this paper,an improved algorithm is proposed for unconstrained global optimization to tackle non-convex nonlinear multivariate polynomial programming problems.The proposed algorithm is based on the Bernstein polynomial approach.Novel features of the proposed algorithm are that it uses a new rule for the selection of the subdivision point,modified rules for the selection of the subdivision direction,and a new acceleration device to avoid some unnecessary subdivisions.The performance of the proposed algorithm is numerically tested on a collection of 16 test problems.The results of the tests show the proposed algorithm to be superior to the existing Bernstein algorithm in terms of the chosen performance metrics.