N-软脂酰基壳聚糖的制备及其改善靛玉红水溶性的药动学研究

目的制备N-软脂酰基壳聚糖（PLCS）纳米胶束,改善难溶性药物靛玉红的溶解性与生物利用度。方法首先使用溶胀的壳聚糖与软脂酸酐在二甲基亚砜溶剂中反应合成水溶性的PLCS,通过IR和1H-NMR表征PLCS的结构;然后用其负载靛玉红,以激光散射和透射电镜检测载药纳米胶束的物理特征,用HPLC法测定其包封率。最后进行载药纳米胶束腹腔注射给药后在大鼠体内的药动学实验,与靛玉红混悬剂对照。结果合成得到的PLCS能很好地负载并增溶靛玉红,载药率可达10%左右。药动学研究表明,用PLCS载靛玉红后较靛玉红混悬剂的AUC提高了2.21倍,显著提高了靛玉红在大鼠体内的生物利用度。结论PLCS可作为提高难溶性药物靛玉红生物利用度的有效载体,进而可能改善靛玉红治疗白血病的疗效。     

氧化苦参碱磷脂复合物肠溶缓释胶囊在小鼠体内的药代动力学及相对生物利用度研究

目的:研究氧化苦参碱磷脂复合物肠溶缓释胶囊在小鼠体内的药代动力学及相对生物利用度。方法 :84只健康昆明种小鼠,随机分为两组,在规定时间内采血,用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定小鼠经灌胃氧化苦参碱及氧化苦参碱磷脂复合物肠溶缓释胶囊内容物后的血药浓度。以PKSolver 2.0药动学软件进行曲线拟合,按口服吸收单房室模型计算药动学参数。结果:小鼠灌胃给药氧化苦参碱及氧化苦参碱磷脂复合物肠溶缓释胶囊内容物后的浓度-时间曲线均符合口服吸收单房室模型,氧化苦参碱及氧化苦参碱磷脂复合物肠溶缓释胶囊的达峰时(Tmax)分别为(1.14±0.17)h和(1.91±0.22)h,峰浓度(Cmax)分别为(2.59±0.07)μg/m L和(3.48±0.87)μg/m L,血药浓度-时间曲线下面积(AUC)分别为(8.11±1.24)μg/m L·h和(17.46±2.16)μg/m L·h。结论:氧化苦参碱磷脂复合物肠溶缓释胶囊的相对生物利用度为215.29%,能显著提高氧化苦参碱的生物利用度。     

水飞蓟宾磷脂复合物大鼠肠吸收特性

目的:考察水飞蓟宾磷脂复合物在大鼠全小肠段及各分肠段的吸收。方法:运用大鼠在体肠灌流实验,采用高效液相色谱法测定肠灌流液中药物和酚红的浓度,以吸收百分率和肠壁通透系数为指标,考察水飞蓟宾磷脂复合物的肠吸收特性和肠壁通透性。结果:水飞蓟宾磷脂复合物在小肠中的吸收呈一级动力学特征,6 h时在肠道中约有70%被吸收,吸收速率常数Ka值为(0.193±0.012)h-1;分肠段实验中,各肠段(十二指肠、空肠、回肠、结肠)的吸收百分率和肠壁通透系数均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:水飞蓟宾磷脂复合物在全肠道均有吸收。     

靛玉红肠吸收转运机制的研究

目的：探讨靛玉红肠吸收转运机制。方法：采用缚管翻转肠囊模型．以维拉帕米为P_糖蛋白抑制剂，丙磺舒为多药耐药相关蛋白（MRP）抑制剂，2，牟二硝基苯酚（DNP）为能量抑制刑，考察加入抑制荆前后药物在空肠和回肠部位的转运量的变化。结果：靛玉红在空肠和回肠部位的转运量无显著性差异（P〉O．05）；加入抑制剂前后在空肠和回肠部位的转运量亦无显著性差异（P〉O．05）；通过吸收动力学的研究，发现靛玉红的吸收符合一级吸收模型，E为O．015rain～，且单位时间吸收药量与浓度成at-~t,，符合Fick’8扩散原理。，结论：靛玉红的小肠吸收为典型的被动扩散吸收机制。     

大鼠原位灌注模型研究靛玉红吸收机制

目的 研究靛玉红在大鼠肠道的吸收动力学特征,并考察不同药物浓度和增溶方法对其吸收速率的影响.方法 选用适当增溶剂提高靛玉红的溶解度,进行大鼠原位肠灌注实验.结果 靛玉红吸收较差,在4～16 mg·L-1内靛玉红的Ka值基本保持不变.各部位吸收速率依次为十二指肠≈回肠＞结肠＞空肠.尽管是否结扎胆管对吸收参数影响不大,但未结扎胆管时,小肠全肠段和十二指循环液的剩余药量-时间曲线波动较大,结扎胆管后波动明显减弱.结论 在实验剂量范围内,靛玉红在大鼠肠道内的吸收呈现一级吸收动力学特征,其吸收机制为被动扩散,并可能存在肠肝循环.     

氧化苦参碱生物黏附缓释片在Beagle犬体内的药动学

目的:考察氧化苦参碱生物黏附缓释片在Beagle犬体内的药动学过程.方法:建立LC-MS法同时测定Beagle犬血浆中的氧化苦参碱及其代谢产物苦参碱.采用BAPP 2.3程序估算犬服用市售普通胶囊(参比制剂)和氧化苦参碱生物黏附缓释片(受试制剂)后的药动学参数.结果:氧化苦参碱血药浓度.时间曲线符合双室模型特征.受试制剂的生物利用度为110.9,且cmsx降低、tmax延长,具有缓释效果.服用受试制剂后测得苦参碱的量为服用参比制剂后测得量的90.5%.结论:氧化苦参碱生物黏附缓释片与市售普通胶囊相比,生物利用度等效,具有明显的缓释效果.     

美斯地浓磷脂复合物大鼠体内药代动力学研究

【摘要】 目的 研究美斯地浓磷脂复合物在大鼠体内药代动力学特征。 方法 健康SD雄性大鼠12只,分为2组,采用双周期交叉随机实验,分别灌胃给予美斯地浓磷脂复合物混悬液（含美斯地浓 1.5 mg/kg)和美斯地浓原料药（含美斯地浓1.5 mg/kg）,于不同时间点眼底静脉丛取血,采用高效液相色谱法测定各时间点血药浓度。采用DAS 2.1.1药动学程序对有关参数进行分析。 结果 美斯地浓磷脂复合物的药代动力学参数为:达峰时间(Tmax) 2 h,峰浓度(Cmax) 22.79 μg/mL, 药时曲线下面积(AUC0-∞) 7128.21 μg·min/mL,而美斯地浓原料药为:Tmax 2 h, Cmax 6.00 μg/mL, AUC0-∞ 1772.36 μg·min/mL,美斯地浓磷脂复合物相对生物利用度是原料药的410.98%。 结论 美斯地浓磷脂化后能明显提高其口服生物利用度。     

脱水穿心莲内酯在大鼠体内的口服生物利用度和肠道处置(英文)

目的研究脱水穿心莲内酯在大鼠体内的口服生物利用度和肠道处置,为其在临床的使用和开发提供有用的信息。方法研究脱水穿心莲内酯在大鼠体内的药代动力学行为。采用Caco-2细胞模型和大鼠在体肠灌流模型研究脱水穿心莲内酯在大鼠体内的肠道处置。结果脱水穿心莲内酯的口服绝对生物利用度是11.92%。在Caco-2细胞模型中,脱水穿心莲内酯从基底膜到顶端膜方向转运的表观渗透系数(5.37×10-5cm/s)约等于其从相反方向转运的表观渗透系数(4.56×10-5cm/s),表明外排转运蛋白没有参与脱水穿心莲内酯的细胞转运。大鼠在体肠灌流模型中,脱水穿心莲内酯在不同肠段的吸收没有显著性差异,同时没有代谢。脱水穿心莲内酯经胆汁排泄,其排泄量约占吸收量的0.1%。在P-糖蛋白和乳腺癌蛋白抑制剂的作用下,脱水穿心莲内酯在不同肠段的吸收和胆汁排泄量都没有提高(P>0.05)。结论脱水穿心莲内酯的口服生物利用度是11.92%。它在肠道中的吸收较好,不进行代谢。外排转运蛋白例如P-糖蛋白和乳腺癌蛋白不参与脱水穿心莲内酯的细胞转运。     

冠脉康缓释胶囊中葛根素在比格犬体内药动特征

目的:观察冠脉康缓释胶囊中葛根素在Beagle犬体内的药动学特征,为pH依赖性释放的冠脉康缓释制剂研发提供参考。方法:Beagle犬随机分成两组,单剂量双周期交叉口服冠脉康缓释胶囊与普通胶囊,采用HPLC法测定血浆中葛根素含量,比较各制剂的药动学参数。结果:冠脉康缓释胶囊与普通胶囊中葛根素的主要药代动力学参数:Cmax分别为(81.79±12.60)、(217.41±26.16)μg·L-1;Tmax分别为(2.33±0.52)、(1.33±0.26)h;MRT分别为:(8.71±0.55)、(2.86±0.31)h;AUC0～t分别为(489.97±45.17)、(430.12±9.60)μg·h·L-1。冠脉康缓释胶囊较普通胶囊的相对生物利用度为113%。结论:与普通胶囊相比,冠脉康缓释胶囊在Beagle犬体内吸收较慢,平均滞留时间约为普通胶囊的3倍,生物利用度显著提高,提示冠脉康缓释胶囊可以实现药物在胃肠道中pH依赖性释放。     

吴茱萸碱纳米复合物的药代动力学和生物利用度研究

目的制备吴茱萸碱纳米复合物,并研究其在大鼠体内的药代动力学和生物利用度。方法采用溶剂挥发法制备吴茱萸碱纳米复合物,考察其载药量、粒径和Zeta电位。大鼠单剂量灌胃给予吴茱萸碱纳米复合物和吴茱萸碱原料药,眼底采血,采用液液萃取法处理血浆样品,以和厚朴酚为内标物质,RP-HPLC测定血浆样品中吴茱萸碱的含量,用DAS软件分析药动学数据。结果制备所得吴茱萸碱纳米复合物的载药量、粒径和Zeta电位分别为(24.26±0.97)%、248.8 nm、-28.61 mV。吴茱萸碱和吴茱萸碱纳米复合物在大鼠体内的药动学行为均符合一级消除动力学二室开放模型,吴茱萸碱与磷脂形成的纳米复合物的大鼠口服生物利用度是原料药的2.16倍。结论成功制备了吴茱萸碱纳米复合物,建立了一种检测吴茱萸碱血药浓度的简单、可行的方法,吴茱萸碱纳米复合物明显提高了吴茱萸碱的口服生物利用度。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.