嗜铬细胞瘤的外科治疗

目的：探讨嗜铬细胞瘤的外科治疗方法及临床效果。方法：通过外科手术的方法治疗52例嗜铬细胞瘤患者．观察其疗效。结果：术后7例（13．5％）患者发生低血压。病理提示良性嗜铬细胞瘤50例（96．2％），恶性嗜铬细胞瘤2例（3．8％）。出院时血压恢复正常42例（80．8％）。2例恶性嗜铬细胞瘤患者中．5年内均死于肿瘤转移。良性嗜铬细胞瘤者复发3例（5．8％），均复发于肾上腺区。结论：嗜铬细胞瘤的手术效果好。但手术风险大；良好的术前准备、术中及术后的监护可以降低手术死亡率。     

65例嗜铬细胞瘤的外科治疗

目的提高嗜铬细胞瘤的外科治疗水平。方法总结65例嗜铬细胞瘤的术前准备、手术操作及术后处理。男，35例；女，30例；年龄17-72岁。肾上腺内51例，肾上腺外15例。结果肿瘤切除术61例，膀胱部分切除术4例。术后血压正常59例，需要降压药物控制6例。术后病理良性62例，恶性3例均于5年内死于肿瘤转移。结论外科手术治疗是嗜铬细胞瘤的根治方法，正确的围术期处理很重要。     

无症状性肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤（附3例报告）

无症状性肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤（附３例报告）王臣舜（齐鲁石化公司中心医院外科，２５５４００）关键词肿瘤；嗜铬细胞瘤；肾上腺；无症状性嗜铬细胞瘤无症状性肾上腺嗜铬细胞泪较少见，因为症状不明显，就诊都较晚，且多为恶性。我院收治３例，报告如下。１病例摘要例１．男...     

后腹腔镜在肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤手术中的应用研究

目的探讨后腹腔镜在肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤切除术的适应证和技术方法。方法回顾性分析该院收治的6例肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤患者的临床资料,患者均接受后腹腔镜下肿瘤切除术治疗。结果 6例后腹腔镜下肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤手术均成功,术后恢复良好,平均手术时间112 min,平均出血量120 m L,术中平均补液量4 660 m L。2~4 d拔除引流管,术后平均住院时间10 d。无明显外科并发症,术后病理检查均证实为嗜铬细胞瘤。结论对肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤的正确诊断、充分的术前准备和术者娴熟的操作技巧,可以明显降低手术并发症。     

妊娠合并恶性嗜铬细胞瘤行剖宫产术麻醉一例

嗜铬细胞瘤作为一种复杂的内分泌腺瘤，对血流动力学的影响较大。它来源于肾上腺髓质，交感神经节或体内其他部位的嗜铬组织。由于肿瘤分泌大量儿茶酚胺而出现以高血压和代谢紊乱为主的临床症候群，其主要临床表现为高血压和头痛、心悸、多汗三联症。目前对于嗜铬细胞瘤切除术的麻醉管理和围术期管理日臻成熟，围术期死亡率已经大大降低。但是合并有嗜铬细胞瘤的患者接受非肿瘤切除手术，特别是妊娠合并嗜铬细胞瘤的患者相当少见，关于此类患者的围术期处理经验相对不多。我们报道1例恶性嗜铬细胞瘤患者接受剖宫产手术的围术期管理及体会。     

45例肾上腺外嗜铬细胞瘤的诊断和治疗

目的：探讨肾上腺外嗜铬细胞瘤的诊治特点方法：对1990～2002年间诊治的45例肾上腺外嗜铬细胞瘤患者病历资料进行回顾分析，总结其临床特点结果：严重的高血压为主要的临床表现。血压超过200／120mmHg者占80％(36／45)；多为阵发性高血压，占60％(27／45)尿儿萘酚胺(CA)增高占100％尿香草基扁桃酸(VMA)增高占89％(40／45)45例经B超诊断可发现肿瘤及位置30例经CT诊断发现肿瘤及位置，45例均行手术治疗，1例因术中损伤血管出血死亡结论：肾上腺外的嗜铬细胞瘤的诊断较为困难顽固性高血压应警惕本病的可能性、手术治疗是本病的首选，术后应长期随访。     

介入栓塞治疗嗜铬细胞瘤临床疗效的初步探讨

目的探讨介入栓塞治疗肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤的安全性和临床应用价值.方法回顾性分析云南省肿瘤医院微创介入科收治的8例肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤患者,均伴有继发性高血压.在DSA引导下通过介入栓塞肿瘤供血动脉,从而控制血压.结果本组8例患者均成功行介入栓塞治疗,术后6例患者血压恢复正常,2例患者血压恢复不明显,但无恶化.随访3～12个月,7例患者血压均恢复正常水平,另1例患者血压改善不理想.结论介入栓塞治疗肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤具有创伤小、患者恢复快的优点,可尝试作为治疗肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤的方法之一.     

肾上腺外和双侧肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤的手术治疗

探讨肾上腺外和双侧肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤的诊治方法.方法:12例肾上腺外和双侧肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤患者,在充分术前准备后, 经腹行肿瘤切除术.结果:12例均手术成功,无并发症出现,术后症状消失,尿香草基杏仁酸降至正常.结论:经腹手术是治疗肾上腺外和双侧肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤的有效途径,囊内剜除术可减少损伤和出血,膀胱镜检对膀胱嗜铬细胞瘤的诊断价值有限.     

肾上腺肿瘤的诊断和外科治疗

目的 提高肾上腺肿瘤的诊治水平。方法回顾性分析41例肾上腺肿瘤患者的临床资料，诊断，围手术期处理及手术效果。结果41例肾上腺肿瘤中醛固酮瘤(APA)16例；嗜铬细胞瘤11例；皮质醇症7例，其中腺瘤4例，腺癌3例；肾上腺偶发瘤7例，其中腺瘤4例，嗜铬细胞瘤、纤维肉瘤、肾上腺髓质纤维脂肪瘤各1例。行肿瘤切除38例，行包括肿瘤在内的肾上腺全切除3例，术后病情稳定，康复出院，随诊时间平均6个月，未见肿瘤复发。结论手术切除肿瘤是肾上腺肿瘤的根治方法，正确的术前诊断和围手术期处理十分重要。     

多发复发及恶性嗜铬细胞瘤

目的：探讨多发复发及感性嗜铬细胞瘤的特点，提高诊疗效果。方法：回顾性分析23例多发、复发及恶性嗜铬细胞瘤资料。结果：23例多发、复发及恶性嗜铬细胞瘤占同期嗜铬细胞瘤的18．4％(23／125)。多发性嗜铬细胞瘤11例，其中位于肾上腺6例，腹后壁5例，6例为单发嗜铬细胞瘤筋后单发肾上腺或腹后壁肿瘤。恶性嗜铬细胞瘤6例。结论：多发、复发嗜铬组织肿瘤存在同时多发和异时复发的可能，为良性肿瘤，而非嗜铬组织的多发、复发则为恶性嗜铬细胞瘤。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.