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1.
目的 寻找适合农村地区子宫颈癌及其癌前病变的筛查方法,为降低子宫颈癌的发病率及病死率提供科学方法.方法 以湖北省五峰县(宫颈癌早诊早治项目县之一)长乐坪镇30-59岁的已婚妇女作为对象,进行以人群为基础的子宫颈癌筛查,对符合条件的妇女进行危险因素、癌症及子宫颈癌认知情况的问卷调查,5%醋酸染色后肉眼观察(VIA)和2%的卢戈氏碘染色后肉眼观察(VILI)结果异常者,进行阴道镜下活组织检查并得到最终的病理学诊断,将病变检出率与同年在五峰县其它乡镇的宫颈刮片细胞学筛查结果进行比较.结果 该次筛查人群参与率为70%,最终经活检病理确诊的CINⅠ患病率为0.5%(10例),CINⅡ0.5%(11例),CINⅢ1.0%(20例),子宫颈癌0.1%(2例);宫颈癌及其癌前病变有年轻化趋势;该次单纯由肉眼观察对CINⅠ、CINⅡ的病变检出率,与同年在当地其它乡镇宫颈刮片细胞学普查结果相当,差别无统计意义,但对≥CINⅢ的病变检出率高于宫颈刮片细胞学筛查结果,有统计学意义.结论 肉眼观察是一种经济有效的宫颈癌筛查方法,适宜在农村地区推广,能使更多贫困地区的妇女及时得到子宫颈癌的早诊早治.  相似文献   

2.
宫颈癌早诊早治农村示范基地研究报告   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
[目的]通过对9176名妇女采用醋酸或碘染色肉眼筛查方法(VIA/VILI)筛查宫颈癌的早诊早治结果分析,评价在农村高发区宫颈癌采用该筛查方式推广应用的可行性。[方法]以山西省襄垣县30~59岁的妇女作为研究对象进行以自然人群为基础的宫颈癌筛查,用醋酸染色后肉眼观察(VIA)和碘染色后肉眼观察(VILI)进行宫颈检查,VIA或VILI阳性者进行阴道镜检查,阴道镜异常者在病变处取活检进行病理学诊断。采用同样方法对该人群连续复查两年。[结果]首次筛查人群参与率为73.92%,二次复查率为84.3%。2005年首次筛查了1287例妇女,最终经病理确诊的CINⅠ10例、CINⅡ9例、CINⅢ13例、宫颈癌3例。该方法与已往该地区采用液基细胞学和HPV检测联合筛查方法相比较,CINⅡ和≥CINⅢ病变的检出率略低,但差异无统计学意义。连续两年复查出5例CINⅠ,3例CINⅡ,1例CINⅢ。2006~2008年共筛查7889例,首次筛查最终病理确诊116例CINⅠ,36例CINⅡ,35例CINⅢ,4例早期浸润癌,浸润性鳞癌5例。第二次复查,经病理确诊75例CINⅠ,24例CINⅡ,15例CINⅢ,1例早期浸润癌。[结论]在资源有限.经济不发达的农村地区.用VIA/VILI方法对宫颈癌及其癌前病变的筛查是可行的.建议进一步在农村地区进行推广。  相似文献   

3.
醋酸肉眼观察在农村宫颈癌筛查中的应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的 探讨醋酸肉眼观察在农村宫颈癌筛查中的应用价值.方法 对中央转移支付项目宫颈癌筛查早诊早治在广东省清远市2008年与2009年两年目标人群宫颈癌筛查的结果进行回顾性分析.两年均应用醋酸染色后肉眼观察(VIA)和碘染色后肉眼观察(VILI)进行宫颈检查,结果异常者进行阴道镜下活检并得到最终的病理学诊断,2009年同时对2008年的目标人群进行复查,同时将该次筛查不同级别病变的检出率与我院妇科宫颈癌筛查结果进行比较.根据病理结果,对病理结果正常及CIN Ⅰ级者为下一年进行复查,CINⅡ级以上者进行治疗.结果 2008年与2009年筛查人群的顺应性分别为38.38%、50.71%,最终经活检病理确诊分别为正常宫颈52例(86.67%)、51例(70.83);CIN Ⅰ5例(8.33%)、11例(15.28%); CINⅡ1例(1.67%)、4例(5.56%);CIN Ⅲ2例(3.33%)、5例(6.94%);宫颈癌0例(0.00%)、1例(1.39%);治疗率分别为33.33%、30.00%.2009年对2008年筛查人群进行复查,复查率12.06%,最终经活检病理确诊分别为正常宫颈2例(33.33%);CINⅠ3例(50.00%);CINⅡ1例(16.67%);CINⅢ0例(0.00%).2008年筛查结果与我院妇科普查宫颈癌筛查结果进行比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但2009年筛查结果与我院宫颈癌筛查结果进行比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 在资源有限、经济不发达的农村地区,肉眼观察是一种经济、有效的筛查方法,建议在农村地区进行推广.同时,做好宫颈癌知识宣教,提高参与率及治疗率,真正达到宫颈癌早诊早治,以降低宫颈癌发病率及死亡率的目的.  相似文献   

4.
农村不发达地区妇女宫颈癌筛查方法的比较   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
目的评价多种宫颈癌筛查方式,为农村欠发达地区优选一种较适宜的筛查方法。方法在宫颈癌高发区山西省阳城县对744名年龄为20 ̄59岁已婚妇女,进行宫颈癌危险因素的流行病学问卷调查、阴道醋酸染色(VIA)、碘染色(VILI)及阴道镜检查并进行13种高危型HPVDNA的检测、收集阴道脱落细胞进行液基细胞学诊断,宫颈有病变者取可疑组织病检。数据用FoxPro6.0录入和整理后,运用SAS软件进行统计学处理和分析。结果CINI以上病例73人,普查人群检出率9.81%(73/744),其中CINⅠ41例,CINⅡ18例,CINⅢ13例,腺癌1例。HPV人群感染率15.99%(119/744)。以病理组织学为金标准(≥CINⅡ为阳性),各检查方法灵敏度和特异度分别为VIA(10.53,82.44),VILI(53.13,82.44),阴道镜检查(56.25,79.35)、液基细胞学(68.75,97.29)和HPV(93.75,87.50)。结论从经济性、适用性综合考虑,VILI在农村不发达地区是一种可行的筛查手段。  相似文献   

5.
[目的]通过分析襄垣县2009~2015年农村妇女宫颈癌筛查结果,为国家宫颈癌筛查项目的评价和优化提供理论依据.[方法]对襄垣县35~64岁妇女开展宫颈癌筛查.2009~2013年采用醋酸/碘染色后肉眼观察(VIA/VILI),2014年开始部分引入人乳头状瘤病毒(HPV)检测,2015年又引入新柏氏液基细胞学(TCT)检测,根据卫生资源情况在不同人群中分别使用三种方法.任意筛查结果阳性者转诊阴道镜,镜下有病变时取活检,以病理诊断为金标准.通过评价不同方法对宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)2级及以上病变的检出率评价不同方法对宫颈癌的筛查效果.[结果] 2009~2015年共筛查62 618名女性,其中CIN2级及以上(CIN2+)病变的患病率为0.76%,早诊率为90.53%,下生殖道感染率为25.68%,其中滴虫性阴道炎、细菌性阴道炎和宫颈炎与HPV感染相关.根据2014及2015年数据,VIA/VILI的CIN2+病变检出率为0.74%,TCT的病变检出率为0.70%,两者相似,但均低于HPV检测,其病变检出率为1.37%.[结论]HPV检测是首选的宫颈癌初筛方法,在资源匮乏地区,培训合格的基层医生使用VIA/VILI或TCT方法对适龄妇女开展宫颈癌筛查是有效的备选方案.  相似文献   

6.
背景与目的:我国至今还没有一个系统的子宫颈癌防治计划,尤其是广大农村地区更缺乏子宫颈癌的防治技术和经验。本研究报道山西省襄垣县子宫颈癌早诊早治示范基地的人群筛查资料,评价基层医生采用醋酸或碘染色法(VIA/VILI)在农村地区筛查子宫颈癌及其癌前病变的效果。方法:采用醋酸染色法(VIA)和碘染色法(VILI)在山西省襄垣县30~59岁的妇女人群中开展子宫颈癌筛查,VIA或VILI阳性者进行阴道镜检查,阴道镜检异常者在病变处取活检进行病理学诊断。采用同样的程序对人群进行复查,通过比较1年筛查、连续2年筛查和连续3年筛查的结果,评价该方案的筛查效果。结果:在2005~2008年期间,有7145名适龄妇女参加了筛查,平均年龄为42.16岁,筛查人群平均参与率为74.75%。其中2005~2007年期间,对1287人连续筛查了3年,第1轮筛查CIN2、CIN3及子宫颈癌的检出率分别为0.70%(9例)、1.01%(13例)、0.23%(3例);第2轮(976人)筛查检出率分别为0.22%(2例)、0.11%(1例)、0;第3轮筛查仅增加了1例CIN2病例。2006~2007年期间对3490人连续筛查了2年,第1轮(3...  相似文献   

7.
目的评价醋酸、碘着色肉眼观察在中国农村地区宫颈癌筛查中的应用价值及可行性。方法对子宫颈癌高发区江西省修水县大桥乡妇女进行以人群为基础的研究,对2499例年龄为30~49岁农村已婚妇女进行了人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)的检测,薄层液基细胞学(TCT),醋酸、碘染色后肉眼观察(VIA、VILI)以及电子阴道镜检查。各种方法独立进行,均为双盲。对VIA、VILI或电子阴道镜中任何一项存在阳性病变进行宫颈组织活检,或行颈管刮术(ECC),另HPV或TCT阳性的妇女也给予活检。宫颈组织病理诊断均经国际癌症研究所病理检查确诊,将CIN2以上(含CIN2)病变纳入阳性结果。结果2499例受检妇女中有2432例列入研究,共检出CIN237例,CIN359例,宫颈癌3例。HPV,TCT,HPV TCT,VIA,VILI,VIA VILI和阴道镜检查等筛查方法的敏感度分别是96.67%,89.47%,97.98%,56.57%,36.36%,63.64%和39.39%;特异度分别为85.00%,96.91%,86.97%,94.60%,96.23%,92.97%和98.14%。结论VIA、VILI的灵敏度低于HPV或TCT,但因其简单、廉价、易掌握等特点,故更适合在农村地区推广应用。  相似文献   

8.
目的:了解我国宫颈癌高发之一的江西省修水妇女宫颈癌的流行状况和高危型人乳头状瘤病毒(HPV)感染与宫颈癌的关系。方法:对江西修水县2460名妇女进行妇科检查,宫颈刮片细胞学检查,对可疑病例采集其宫颈细胞进行高危型HPVDNA检测(HCⅡ)或对其行阴道镜检查。结果:以病理诊断为金标准,普查的2460例已婚妇女中宫颈癌10例,CINⅡ6例,CINⅠ8例。该人群宫颈癌的患病率为40650/10万,高危型HPVDNA检出率为245%(70/286),HPVDNA检出率随病变程度加重呈趋势性增高,χ2=773,P<001。结论:江西省修水县是宫颈癌高发区,女性生殖道高危型HPV感染是当地宫颈癌及宫颈内瘤样病变(CIN)高发的重要危险因素。对宫颈癌高发区进行有效筛查十分必要。  相似文献   

9.
[目的]探讨两次醋酸染色肉眼观察(VIA)在宫颈癌筛查中的应用价值。[方法]2011年对2463名河南省新密市25~65岁的妇女进行HPV检测、VIA的联合筛查,任一筛查阳性者和10%随机抽取的筛查阴性者共855名妇女进行第二次VIA和阴道镜检查。[结果]最终完成两次VIA、阴道镜检查及宫颈活检的855名妇女,其中未绝经组561人,绝经组294人。未绝经组和绝经组第一次VIA的阳性率分别为19.8%(111/561)和7.1%(21/294),灵敏度分别为59.1%和20.0%,特异性分别为81.8%和93.6%。未绝经组和绝经组进行第二次VIA的阳性率分别为15.7%(88/561)和5.8%(17/294)。未绝经组和绝经组进行两次VIA检查总的阳性率分别为27.3%和10.2%,两次VIA检查并联的灵敏度分别为81.8%和40.0%,特异性分别为75.0%和91.4%。未绝经组通过两次VIA检查比单独一次VIA检查多发现5例CIN2+的漏诊病例(1例CIN2,4例CIN3),绝经组通过两次VIA检查比单独一次VIA检查多发现3例CIN3的漏诊病例。[结论]宫颈癌筛查中,两次VIA检查不仅可以明显提高单次VIA检查的灵敏度,还可以发现单次VIA检查漏诊的高度CIN病例。两次VIA在未绝经女性宫颈癌筛查中的价值优于绝经组。  相似文献   

10.
目的:通过对2006—2009年山西省襄垣县宫颈癌筛查早诊早治结果分析,评价醋酸或碘染色肉眼观察法(visual inspection with acetic acid/Lugol’s iodine,VIA/VILI)宫颈癌筛查方案在农村高发区推广应用的可行性。方法2006—2009年在山西省襄垣县对30~59岁的妇女进行宫颈癌筛查。用VIA和VILI作为初筛方法,VIA/VILI阳性者进行阴道镜检查,阴道镜异常者在病变处取活检进行病理诊断。对VIA和VILI阴性、VIA/VILI阳性但阴道镜检查正常、VIA/VILI阳性同时阴道镜检查异常且病理活检结果为轻度宫颈上皮内瘤样病变(cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1,CIN1)或正常的妇女一年后用与初筛同样的方法进行复查。结果2006—2010年累计筛查16703人次,其中初筛9618人,复查7085人。4年初筛人群累计阴道镜转诊率、中度CIN及以上(CIN2+)检出率、重度CIN及以上(CIN3+)检出率分别为4.6%(438/9618)、0.9%(82/9618)、0.5%(44/9618);复查人群上述指标分别为3.1%(221/7085)、0.6%(42/7085)、0.2%(19/7085);筛查人群累计(包括初筛和复查)上述指标分别为4.0%(659/16703)、1.3%(124/9618)、0.7%(63/9618)。初筛人群阴道镜转诊率、CIN2+检出率和CIN3+检出率均随方案的持续开展呈升高趋势(P<0.001);复查阴道镜转诊率、CIN2+检出率则呈下降趋势(P<0.001)。结论随着VIA/VILI筛查方案在示范基地的推广,筛查效果越来越显著。VIA/VI-LI是一种经济有效的宫颈癌及其癌前病变筛查方法,适宜在资源有限、经济欠发达的农村地区推广。持续的培训和实践是VIA/VILI筛查方案有效实施的关键措施。  相似文献   

11.
The medically important dematiaceous fungi and their identification   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
Dematiaceous fungi include a large group of organisms that are darkly pigmented (dark brown, olivaceous, or black). In most cases the pigment is melanin, and specifically, dihydroxynaphthalene melanin. The diseases produced include chromoblastomycosis, eumycotic mycetoma, and phaeohyphomycosis. Phaeohyphomycosis is a new classification for a diverse group of previously known entities grouped together on the basis of finding dematiaceous hyphal and/or yeast-like forms in tissue; tissue involvement may be superficial, cutaneous and corneal, subcutaneous, or systemic. Identification of these fungi is based mostly upon morphology. Important structures include annellides (Phaeoannellomyces, Exophiala), phialides (Phialophora, Wangiella), adelophialides (Phialemonium without collarettes, Lecythophora with collarettes), differentiation of conidiophores (Xylohypha versus Cladosporium) and conidial hilum, septation and germination (Bipolaris, Drechslera, Exserohilum). Useful laboratory tests include the 12% gelatin test (controversial), nitrate assimilation (W. dermatitidis is negative, most other species are positive), and determination of temperature maxima (especially 37 degrees C for E. jeanselmei, 40 degrees C for W. dermatitidis and B. spicifera, 42 degrees C for X. bantiana, and 45 degrees C for Dactylaria constricta var. gallopava and Scedosporium inflatum).  相似文献   

12.
Zusammenfassung: An der Studie zur Wirksamkeit und Anwendungssicherheit von Ketoconazol nahmen 27 Männer im Alter von 20 bis 80 (Median: 57) Jahre, davon 18 mit Onychomykosen und 9 als KontroUen bei den Laborwertbestimmungen, teil. Während des ersten Behandlungsmonats erhielten je 9 Patienten 200 mg und 400 mg Ketoconazol täglich. Danach wurden beide Gruppen 6 Monate mit 200 mg/d weiterbehandelt. Die klinische Beurteilung sowie hämatologische, biochemische und Plasmaspiegeluntersu-chungen erfolgten mindestens monafich, mykologische Untersuchungen wurden vor Aufnahme und bei Beendigung der Therapie vorgenommen. Erne letzte klinische Unter-suchung erfolgte 1 Jahr nach Beginn der Studie. Nach 7 Monaten Behandlung wurden 23 von 30 Nägeln mit “gebessert” bis “stark gebessert” beurteilt, nach dem behandlungsfreien Intervall galt dies für 28 von 30 Nägeln. Die Plasmaspiegel waren mit 200 mg/d ausreichend und uber den Behandlungszeit-raum konstant. Dies spricht für gute orale Resorption und Abwesenheit von Enzyminduktion. Die Laborwerte zeigten im Vergleich zu den Kontrollen und den Werten vor Behandlung keine signifikanten Abweichungen, so daß myelo-, nephro- und hepatotoxische Wirkungen von 400 bzw. 200 mg/d ausgeschlossen werden können. Der Lipidhaushalt wurde nicht beeinfluat und es trat unter Therapie als Folge der Ketoconazolwirkung lediglich Lanosterin im Serum auf. Nach Beendigung der Therapie ging der Lanosteringehalt schnell zurück. Damit erweist sich Ketoconazol in den angewandten Dosen als ein gut verträgliches und zur Langzeitbehandlung von Onychomykosen geeignetes Antimykotikum. Summary: Twenty-seven males with a median age of 57 (range: 20 to 80) years took part in this study on the efficacy and safety of ketoconazole. Eighteen men suffered from onychomycosis; nine served as controls in the safety evaluation. During the first month of treatment, nine patients received 200 mg and the nine other 400 mg ketoconazole daily. Then the treatment was uniformly continued with 200 mg/d for 6 months. Clinical evaluation and haematological, biochemical and plasma level investigations were carried out at least at monthly intervals; mycological controls were performed at the start and end of therapy. A final clinical evaluation was carried out one year after the start of the study. After 7 months of treatment, moderate or definite clinical improvement was obtained in 23 out of 30 nails. After 5 more months without antimycotic treatment this was the case in 28 of 30 nails. Plasma levels obtained with 200 mg ketoconazole daily were adequate and constant during the entire treatment period. This indicates a good oral resorption as well as the absence of induction of hepatic enzymes. The laboratory values did not show significant deviations as compared with the controls or with the pretreatment values. This excludes myelo-, nephro- and hepatotoxic effects of 400 and 200 mg ketoconazole daily. The lipid metabolism was not influenced, the only difference was the occurrence of lanosterol in the serum, which is a result of the mechanism of action of ketoconazole. After the medication period the lanosterol levels subsided rapidly. In the applied doses ketoconazole is a well-tolerated and effective drug for the systemic long-term treatment of onychomycosis.  相似文献   

13.
14.
Prof.Fazu Qiu,member of the Chinese Communist Party,surgery professor of Tongji Hospital,departed in Tongji Hospital,Wuhan,China,at fourteen to nine a.m,June 14,2008,after a disease.He turns 94 this year.He was the senior academician of the Academia Sinica,the illustrious medical scientist of China,and the Honorary Director of Tongji Medical College,as well as Huazhong University of Science & Technology.  相似文献   

15.
S.K. Jand  M.P. Gupta 《Mycoses》1989,32(2):104-105
During the routine examination of dogs for cutaneous lesions, 205 dogs were screened for fungi other than dermatophytes. Twenty-two dogs (10.8%) revealed the presence of non-dermatophytic fungi suspicious for representing the etiologic agents of the skin lesions. The fungi isolated were Alternaria sp. (2.9%), Penicillium sp. (2.4%), Aspergillus fumigatus (2.0%), Mucor sp. (1.5%), Cladosporium sp. (1.5%) and Fusarium sp. (0.5%). No dermatophyte was isolated in association with these fungi. The incidence of these infections was found to be greater in warm and humid climate.  相似文献   

16.
Dr.  W. Dittmar  N. Jovi 《Mycoses》1987,30(7):326-342
Summary: Short-term experiments on excised skin (human, pig) gave the following results: 1. In the tissue activity test with direct inoculation (D-TAT) commercial preparations of the non-azole antimycotics ciclopiroxolamine, tolnaftate and naftifine, produced higher inhibitory activity against Trichophyton mentagrophytes (standard strain) in various levels of the horny layer than were produced by the azole antimycotics econazole, miconazole, clotrimazole, oxiconazole and bifonazole. Fast drying solutions of antimycotics invariably gave higher inhibitory activities than creams. In the ultrafiltration tissue activity test (UFT- TAT) against Candida albicans (2 strains), antimycotic agents ranked in order of effectiveness as follows: ciclopiroxolamine – most of the azole antimycotics – bifonazole and naftifine. 2. In tests of fungicidal activity against T. mentagrophytes (2 strains) and Microsporum gypseum (1 strain) the first step was to inoculate the skin surface. After the horny layer had been penetrated by fungal mycelia, antimycotic agents of documented fungicidal potency, chiefly in the form of creams, were applied to the skin surface and left to act for up to 18 hours. The horny layer and epidermis were then scraped off and the concentration of viable fungi was determined. Ciclopiroxolamine cream and lotion produced by far the greatest diminution in viable fungi; creams containing oxiconazole and naftifine were moderately effective and those containing tioconazole and bifonazole produced a relatively small decrease in viable fungi. To avoid erroneous results it is important to homogenize and dilute the skin scrapings; if this is not done certain antimycotics will give misleadingly high fungal killing rates. At this early stage the scatter of results is still wide and minor differences in efficacy cannot as yet be detected with certainty. 3. From the results of various comparative tests it is evident that pig skin can be used as a substitute for human skin in the tests listed under 1. and 2. above. This discovery may make a valuable contribution towards limiting the need for experiments on living animals and trials on human beings. Zusammenfassung: In Kurzzeitversuchen an exzidierter Haut (Mensch, Schwein) wurde gefunden: 1. Im Gewebeaktivitätstest mit direkter Inokulation (D-GAT) wurde mit Handelspräparaten der Nichtazol-Antimykotika Ciclopiroxolamin, Tolnaftat und Naftifin in verschiedenen Hornschichtniveaus eine höhere Hemmaktivität gegenüber Trichophyton mentagrophytes (Standard-Stamm) erzielt als mit solchen der Azol-Antimykotika Econazol, Miconazol, Clotrimazol, Oxiconazol und Bifonazol. Rasch trocknende Lösungen von Antimykotika ergaben durchweg höhere Hemmaktivitäten als Cremes. Im Ultrafiltrations-Gewebeaktivitätstest (UFT-GAT) gegenüber Candida albicans (2 Stämme) ergab sich nach erzielter Wirksamkeit die Rangfolge Ciclopiroxolamine – Mehrzahl der Azolantimykotika – Bifonazol und Naftifin. 2. In Fungizidie-Testen gegenüber T. mentagrophytes (2 Stämme) und Microsporum gypseum (1 Stamm) wurde zunächst die Hautoberfläche inokuliert. Nach Durchdringung der Hornschicht mit Pilzmyzelien wirkten auf die Hautoberfläche bis zu 18 Stunden lang überwiegend Cremes von als fungizid publizierten Antimykotika ein. Während sich in abgeschabter Hornschicht und Epidermis der so bearbeiteten Hautoberflächen mit Ciclopiroxolamin-Creme und -Lotion die weitaus höchste Verminderung lebensfähiger Keime ergab, bewirkten Cremes mit Oxiconazol und Naftifin eine mittlere und solche mit Tioconazol und Bifonazol eine relativ niedrige Keimeliminierung. Zur Vermeidung von fehlerhaften Ergebuissen mußten Homogenisierung und Verdünnung der Hautschabsel erfolgen, anderenfalls bei mehreren Antimykotika eine zu hohe Keimabtötung vorgetäuscht worden wäre. Wegen der vorerst noch hohen Streuung der Ergebnisse können kleinere Wirksamkeitsunterschiede noch nicht sicher erfaßt werden. 3. Nach dem Ergebnis verschiedener Vergleichstests kann in den Testen zu 1. und 2. Schweinehaut als Ersatz für Haut vom Menschen dienen und dürfte damit wesentlich zur Einschränkung von Versuchen am lebenden Tier und von Prüfungen am Menschen beitragen.  相似文献   

17.
P. Saltel  V. Bonadona 《Oncologie》2005,7(3):195-202
Résumé: La possibilité depuis 1994, de connaître la probabilité individuelle de développer certains cancers a permis de proposer de nouvelles modalités de prévention, de traitements et contribué au développement actuel de loncogénétique. Une meilleure connaissance des répercussions psychologiques tant pour les patients que pour les apparentés est désormais possible et limplication des psycho-oncologues dans ce cadre de la réalisation des tests prédictifs, recommandée. La mission de «messager» qui incombe au «cas-index» doit faire lobjet dune attention particulière. La complexité de linformation et la dimension paradoxale que peut avoir parfois la communication à propos des choix, rend difficile lévaluation de la qualité du consentement. La situation particulièrement délicate dune aide à la décision à légard de la chirurgie prophylactique, exige une collaboration étroite des généticiens et des psycho-oncologues.Les soins de support en oncologie  相似文献   

18.

This review comprehensively evaluates the influence of gene-gene, gene-environment and multiple interactions on the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods of studying these interactions and their limitations have been discussed herein. There is a need to develop biomarkers of exposure and of risk that are sensitive, specific, present in the pathway of the disease, and that have been clinically tested for routine use. The influence of inherited variation (polymorphism) in several genes has been discussed in this review; however, due to study limitations and confounders, it is difficult to conclude which ones are associated with the highest risk (either individually or in combination with environmental factors) to CRC. The majority of the sporadic cancer is believed to be due to modification of mutation risk by other genetic and/or environmental factors. Micronutrient deficiency may explain the association between low consumption of fruit/vegetables and CRC in human studies. Mitochondrial modulation by dietary factors influences the balance between cell renewal and death critical in colon mucosal homeostasis. Both genetic and epigenetic interactions are intricately dependent on each other, and collectively influence the process of colorectal tumorigenesis. The genetic and environmental interactions present a good prospect and a challenge for prevention strategies for CRC because they support the view that this highly prevalent cancer is preventable.  相似文献   

19.
A Polak 《Mycoses》1990,33(7-8):353-358
A mouse model of localized candidosis in air-filled subcutaneous cysts imitating thrush has been developed. We have now tested various antifungal combinations in this animal model. Flucytosine (5-FC) + amphotericin B (Amph B) showed the highest efficacy, a clear additive or even synergistic effect was seen. The combination of 5-FC + imidazole or triazole derivative was less efficacious, an additive effect was rare. The combination of 5-FC + Amph B was also tested against Candida albicans strains showing various degrees of 5-FC-resistance. A significant reduction in 5-FC-resistant mutants was seen after the treatment with the combination.  相似文献   

20.
P. Arnaud 《Oncologie》2005,7(2):120-123
Résumé: Les biosimilaires vont bientôt voir leur apparition en Europe. Comment un laboratoire peut-il aborder le développement de son dossier dAMM? Quelles sont les bases légales et les recommandations officielles? Comment la similarité et/ou le caractère générique peuvent-ils être démontrés? Les règles sont-elles identiques à celles des produits chimiques conventionnels pour lesquels, notamment en cancérologie, il existe des médicaments génériques? Comment faire pour que la sécurité et lefficacité des médicaments biosimilaires soient assurées pour les patients?  相似文献   

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