神经内科患者健康教育的特点难点及方法探讨

随着护理模式由功能制护理向责任制护理及系统化整体护理的转变,健康教育作为系统化整体护理的重要组成部分,愈来愈受到人们的重视。特别是对住院期间的患者实施细致、科学的健康教育,促使其积极主动地配合治疗护理,提高患者的自我监控能力,提高其生活质量具有重要意义。     

护理教育应重视护生情商的培养

情商（ＥＱ）是情感能力商数的简称,是衡量人的认识的自身情感、管理和控制自我情绪能力的一种指数［１］。具体包括自身情绪的知觉、评估和表达能力;思维过程的情绪促进能力;理解和分析情绪,可获得情绪知识的能力,对情绪进行成熟调节的能力。许多研究表明,一个人的情商的高低直接影响着他的学习、工作,以及的成就。１情商与护理工作 研究表明：一个人的成功２０％取决于智商,而８０％取决于倩商。护理是面对人的工作,随着整体护理的深入开展,要求我们护理工作“一切以病人为中心”,这不仅要求护士要有良好的专业素质,还要具备…     

健康教育在整体护理中的应用

健康教育是整体护理的重要组成部分,是以医院病房为教育基地,以住院病人及家属为教育对象,通过护理人员有计划、有目的地将其所患疾病的有关知识及护理方法传授给病人,使病人了解增进健康的知识和自我护理能力,改变病人健康行为和问题,使病人的行为向有利于健康方向发展的教育活动.随着现代护理模式的转变和整体护理的深入开展,健康教育在整体护理中所发挥的作用越显重要.     

浅谈整体护理中的健康教育

随着医学模式的转变 ,传统的以疾病为中心的护理模式已不能适应护理专业的发展 ,以“病人为中心”的系统化整体护理模式已在我国广泛开展。健康教育是整体护理的一个重要内容 ,是实现整体护理后病人反映最好、效果最满意的护理工作内容之一。1　健康教育的目的　　是满足病人健康需求 ,提高病人自我保健和自我护理的能力 ,明确健康教育的目的是实施健康教育的动力 ,同时要采取边开展健康教育 ,边收集有关方面资料组织大家学习的方法 ,使护士们提高对健康教育的认识。2　健康教育的内容　　病人的健康教育 ,是指医务人员对疾病状态下的特殊人…     

护士在病人健康教育中应注意的几个问题

随着医学模式的转变和系统化整体护理的普遍实施 ,病人健康教育在护理工作越来越占有重要的位置。病人健康教育作为健康教育的一个方面 ,主要是针对病人的健康需求 ,通过教育活动 ,使病人掌握日常护理技能 ,养成良好的健康行为和改变过去不健康的行为习惯〔1〕 。健康教育如何做到行之有效 ,是我们面临的一个值得关注的问题。近几年来 ,我们在临床护理工作中 ,针对如何建立有效的病人健康教育计划的问题作了尝试 ,我们认为在实施健康教育过程中要注意以下几个问题。1　评　估1 1　评估病人的知识水平和学习能力 :(一 )文化层次高 ,学习能力…     

健康教育在眼科病人整体护理中的应用

医院健康教育作为全民健康教育的重要组成部分，其目的是通过向病人及家属传授所患疾病的有关医学护理方面的知识与技能．调动病人积极参与护理活动，提高自我护理保健能力．达到恢复健康的目的。一年来，我们将健康教育作为整体护理的重要内容，在护理程序中加以应用。分三个阶段重点教育，采取语言、书面、示范三种教育形式。适应了现代护理模式的发展．提高了病人的住院适应能力和自我保健能力。     

神经内科患者实施健康教育的方法及体会

健康教育是通过信息传播和行为干预,帮助个体和群体掌握卫生保健知识,树立正确的健康观念,使人们自愿采纳有利于健康行为和生活方式的教育活动与过程。随着护理模式由功能制护理向责任制护理及系统化整体护理的转变,健康教育作为系统化整体护理的重要组成部分,愈来愈受到人们的重视,特别是对住院期间的患者实施细致、科学的健康教育,促使     

谈整体护理病房的健康教育

整体护理真正把时间还给了护士,把护士还给了病人。专业护士除了执行医嘱,协助医生诊治病人以外,还扩大了对病人心理、社会状况的了解,进行心理和精神的护理。通过健康教育指导病人尽快恢复健康,减少并发症,最大限度地发挥机体的潜能。教育病人改变不良的生活习惯,主动调节个人情绪等来预防疾病[1]。我院自1997年7月建立整体护理模式病房以来,在整体护理中,护士的健康教育收到良好的效果。现报告如下。1　健康教育的意义11　增强病人自我护理意识:自我护理是一种为了自己的生存、健康、舒适所进行的自我实践活动。病人接受护士的健康教育,以…     

老年肺癌手术患者的健康教育

随着系统化整体护理的全面开展,对病人实施健康教育已成为现今护理的一个重要组成部分.院内的健康教育即把医学、护理的有关知识交给病人,满足病人的心理需求,让病人积极配合诊疗和护理工作,并积极参与自我护理,提高生活质量.肺癌是老年人常见恶性肿瘤之一,由于老年人人群存在一定的特点,包括心理及生理机能方面,对老年肺癌行手术治疗的患者实施健康教育也就存在着一定的特点与技巧.     

在整体化护理中对病人进行健康教育的体会

病人教育是护士针对住院病人的心理、生理、化、社会的适应能力而进行的一种健康教育。它是通过向病人传授所患疾病的有关医学、护理方面的知识技能；从而调动病人积极参与护理活动，提高自我护理保健能力。达到恢复健康的目的。我院在实施整体护理工作中重视对病人的教育工作．将病人教育内容贯穿于整个护理活动中，把为病人提供必要的医学护理知识，指导促进疾病健康和预防疾病复发作为重要职责。现将我们的做法及体会介绍如下。[第一段]     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.