副干酪乳杆菌N1115发酵乳对小鼠便秘的改善作用

本研究基于盐酸咯哌丁胺建模制造小鼠便秘模型,考察副干酪乳杆菌 N1115发酵乳对治疗小鼠便秘的 作用。低、中、高剂量副干酪乳杆菌N1115发酵乳（活菌含量分别为1×107、1×108、1×109 CFU/mL）连续灌胃 15 d后,与对照组相比小鼠的排便量及粪便含水量均显著升高（P＜0.05）;肠道推进率分别为57.3%、67.3%和 71.3%,显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）。气相色谱仪分析小鼠粪便中的短链脂肪酸发现,灌胃副干酪乳杆菌N1115 发酵乳后,小鼠粪便中的乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、戊酸含量显著升高（P＜0.05）,且短链脂肪酸种类较模型组更为丰 富。对小鼠远端结肠的组织形态观察发现,灌胃副干酪乳杆菌N1115发酵乳的小鼠结肠黏膜完整,细胞排列整齐, 而对照组的肠黏膜厚度降低,凹窝变浅。通过c-kit抗体对小鼠结肠中的肠间质细胞（interstitial cells of Cajal,ICC）进 行免疫组化分析,结果显示,灌胃副干酪乳杆菌N1115发酵乳后小鼠的ICC含量显著增加,表明副干酪乳杆菌N1115发 酵乳通过提高ICC活性,促进肠道蠕动。综上,副干酪乳杆菌N1115发酵乳能够有效缓解小鼠的便秘症状。     

复合乳杆菌对盐酸洛哌丁胺致慢传输型便秘小鼠的缓解作用

为研究复合乳杆菌（鼠李糖乳杆菌LrGG-100、长双岐杆菌BL-11、嗜酸乳杆菌LA-99和干酪乳杆菌LC-88）对慢传输型便秘小鼠的缓解作用。使用盐酸洛哌丁胺作为便秘小鼠造模药物。将雄性BALB/c小鼠随机分成健康组、便秘组、阳性组、复合乳杆菌低、高剂量组;灌胃相应内容物21 d后,处死小鼠取样,测定小鼠小肠推进率等胃肠道功能指标、血清细胞因子水平、胃肠调节肽含量以及AQP3和c-kit的转录水平。结果显示,与便秘组相比,复合乳杆菌低、高剂量组的小肠推进率显著提高61.45%（p<0.05）、1.22倍（p<0.05）,排便时间缩短21.42%（p<0.05）、29.14%（p<0.05）,排便数量增加1.50倍（p<0.05）、1.52倍（p<0.05）,排便质量增加1.13倍（p<0.05）、1.25倍（p<0.05）;高剂量组的AQP3和c-kit基因转录水平分别是便秘组的1.82倍（p<0.05）和2.00倍（p<0.05）;灌胃复合乳杆菌能够增加血清中P物质和胃动素含量,降低血清血管活性肠肽、生长抑素和内皮素-1含量。复合乳杆菌能有效缓解便秘症状,其作用可能与胃肠调节肽水平以及AQP3和c-kit的表达有关。     

灭活型副干酪乳杆菌L9常温酸奶调节肠道菌群缓解便秘作用研究

为评价灭活型副干酪乳杆菌L9常温酸奶润肠通便和调节肠道菌群的作用,招募便秘受试者61人,随机分为两组,分别饮用普通常温酸奶和含L9的常温酸奶28 d,饮用结束后分析受试者便秘相关症状、粪便短链脂肪酸含量和肠道菌群的变化情况。结果显示:与常温酸奶组相比,灭活型副干酪乳杆菌L9常温酸奶组受试者排便次数显著增加(P0.05),排便状况和粪便性状评分极显著降低(P0.01);粪便中丁酸含量极显著增加(P0.01),丙酸和总酸含量显著增加(P0.05);并显著增加产短链脂肪酸的菌属,如Blautia、Ruminococcus_2和[Eubacterium]_hallii_group。研究结果表明,与普通常温酸奶相比,灭活副干酪乳杆菌L9常温酸奶具有更好的调节肠道菌群缓解便秘的作用。本研究旨在为开发含有灭活副干酪乳杆菌L9的相关功能食品提供理论依据。     

副干酪乳杆菌水牛奶酸奶品质及其通便功能的评价

研究了含副干酪乳杆菌LYO 50 DCU-S的水牛奶酸奶品质及其润肠通便作用。实验对副干酪乳杆菌、保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌混合发酵的水牛奶酸奶在1、7、14、21 d的发酵过程中的活菌数、p H值、酸度、黏度、持水力、感官指标等分别进行测定,将其与保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌混合发酵的水牛奶酸奶进行对比分析,探究了LYO 50 DCU-S是否可作为附属发酵剂应用到水牛奶酸奶生产中。将昆明种雄性小鼠分为空白组、模型组、对照组和3个副干酪乳杆菌给药组。使用复方地芬诺酯建立小鼠便秘模型,副干酪乳杆菌水牛奶酸奶给药7 d后,便秘小鼠首次排便时间缩短;连续15 d灌胃副干酪乳杆菌水牛奶酸奶后,便秘小鼠墨汁推进率显著增加。结果表明,将副干酪乳杆菌LYO 50 DCU-S作为附属菌应用到水牛奶酸奶生产中具有可行性,副干酪乳杆菌LYO 50DCU-S可显著改善水牛奶酸奶的润肠通便功能。     

具有肠道动力及肠道菌群调节功能乳杆菌的筛选及功能评价

便秘作为常见的胃肠道疾病,常伴有肠道动力及肠道菌群的异常。本研究通过测定45 株乳杆菌的体外生理特性,并筛选出3 株进行体内功能性评价,探讨乳杆菌对肠道动力以及肠道菌群的调节能力。结果表明：干酪乳杆菌LC9、发酵乳杆菌LF37和鼠李糖乳杆菌LR45的耐酸耐胆盐存活率高于10%,均能利用低聚果糖、低聚木糖、低聚半乳糖,且短链脂肪酸产量高于1.2 mmol/L。此外,3 株乳杆菌均能促进小鼠的小肠推进率,缩短首粒排黑便时间,增加粪便水分质量分数,加快肠道运动,同时能提高小鼠粪便菌群中有益菌的相对丰度,改善菌群结构。综上,这3 株菌对小鼠肠道功能有一定的调节作用,具有潜在的应用价值。     

副干酪乳酪杆菌Glory LP16 对调节小鼠肠道菌群功能的影响

为探究副干酪乳酪杆菌Glory LP16调节肠道菌群的功能,该实验3组小鼠分别灌胃1.6×10⁶、1.6×10⁷、1.6×10⁸CFU副干酪乳酪杆菌Glory LP16,测定干预14 d后小鼠体质量、肠道菌群、结肠组织病理学变化、肠道屏障、肠道通透性及短链脂肪酸含量。结果显示,干预14 d后,各组小鼠粪便中双歧杆菌、乳杆菌含量均显著增加(P<0.05),产气荚膜梭菌含量显著下降(P<0.05),而肠杆菌和肠球菌的含量无显著变化(P>0.05);高剂量组副干酪乳酪杆菌Glory LP16显著降低血清脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)含量和D-乳酸含量(P<0.05),显著上调黏蛋白1、黏蛋白2和紧密连接蛋白(Claudin-1、Occludin、ZO-1)基因的表达水平,粪便中乙酸、丙酸和丁酸含量显著增加,且小鼠肠道无明显水肿和炎症细胞浸润,对小鼠生长无不良影响。     

益生菌对2型糖尿病小鼠的调节作用

目的:研究益生菌对2型糖尿病小鼠的降糖效果以及潜在的降糖机制。方法:以实验室34株益生菌为研究对象,利用α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性筛选具有降糖功效的菌株,并通过体外表面疏水性、自聚性衡量菌株益生特性,将筛选出的目标益生菌应用于动物模型,探究其降糖功效及潜在机制。采用高脂饮食结合链脲佐菌素方法建立2型糖尿病小鼠模型,所有小鼠连续灌胃8周后,检测其血糖水平、葡萄糖耐受量、糖化血红蛋白、胰岛素水平及胰岛素抵抗状况、血清炎症因子水平、胰高血糖素样肽-1以及粪便中短链脂肪酸含量。结果:在体外筛选实验中,副干酪乳杆菌J5和干酪乳杆菌K11有着良好的抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性和肠道黏附能力。动物实验中,干酪乳杆菌K11能够显著降低小鼠的血糖水平(P<0.05),改善糖耐量受损以及胰岛素抵抗(P<0.05);显著降低小鼠血清中肿瘤坏死因子-α和白细胞介素-6含量;明显提高血清中胰高血糖素样肽-1水平和粪便中短链脂肪酸的含量(P<0.05)。结论:干酪乳杆菌K11可显著调节2型糖尿病小鼠的血糖,作用机制可能与其调节肠道菌群产物短链脂肪酸、促进胰高血糖素样肽-1分泌并调节炎症因子有关。     

益生菌组合物对慢传输型便秘的改善作用

探究益生菌组合物（鼠李糖乳杆菌LR-168、嗜酸乳杆菌LA-99和动物双歧杆菌BB-115）对慢传输型便秘的作用及机制。将50只6周龄雄性BABL/c小鼠随机分为空白组（生理盐水）、模型组（洛哌丁胺）、阳性对照组（洛哌丁胺+动物双歧杆菌BB-12:5×10⁸ CFU）、低剂量组（洛哌丁胺+益生菌组合物：5×10⁸ CFU）和高剂量组（洛哌丁胺+益生菌组合物：5×10⁹ CFU）,灌胃21 d后处死,对小鼠生理生化指标进行测定。与模型组相比,益生菌组合物低、高剂量组显著提高小肠推进率、黑便粒数和黑便质量,显著降低首粒黑便时间;此外,灌菌处理后,血清和结肠组织的兴奋性神经递质（P物质、胃动素和胃泌素）分泌上升,抑制性神经递质（血管活性肽、生长抑素和内皮素-1）分泌下降;各组间的血清细胞因子水平无统计学差异;结肠组织的AQP3和c-kit基因转录量在益生菌干预后显著提高。益生菌组合物具有缓解慢传输型便秘的作用,这可能是通过影响胃肠调节肽分泌,以及AQP3和c-kit基因转录的水平来实现的。     

副干酪乳杆菌LPC-F通过促进Cajal间质细胞增殖缓解便秘

便秘(constipation)是一类常见的胃肠道疾病,其发病率呈逐年上升的趋势.临床研究发现,便秘患者肠道菌群失调.通过赋予机体一定量的活性益生菌来调节肠道菌群,已然成为治疗便秘的重要手段.因此,该研究选取2株具有不同缓解便秘效果的副干酪乳杆菌进行研究.通过对便秘相关指标的检测,再次证实仅有来源于健康成人粪便中的副干...     

不同剂量类干酪乳酪杆菌PC-01对葡聚糖硫酸钠(DSS)诱导小鼠结肠炎恢复的促进作用

类干酪乳酪杆菌(Lacticaseibacillus paracasei)PC-01是1株分离自西藏拉萨地区自然发酵酸牦牛乳中并具有潜在益生特性的菌株。通过葡聚糖硫酸钠诱导小鼠结肠炎模型，测定试验期间小鼠存活率、体重、疾病活动指数评分、结肠长度、组织切片、血清中髓过氧化物酶及细胞因子浓度、粪便中乳酸及短链脂肪酸含量，评价了不同剂量类干酪乳酪杆菌PC-01对结肠炎恢复的促进作用。结果表明，高剂量的菌株PC-01(1×10⁹ CFU/d)提高了小鼠的存活率，加快了小鼠体重的回升，明显改善了小鼠粪便形态及便血情况，促进小鼠结肠组织病变的恢复，减少了炎症范围，同时降低了血清中髓过氧化物酶及促炎因子IL-1β、IL-6的浓度，并显著提高了小鼠粪便中乳酸及短链脂肪酸的含量。当灌胃高剂量的菌株PC-01时，对小鼠结肠炎恢复的促进作用最为显著。     

副干酪乳杆菌L9对小鼠肠道短链脂肪酸含量的影响

目的:评价副干酪乳杆菌L9对健康小鼠肠道内短链脂肪酸(short chain fatty acids,SCFAs)含量的影响。方法:选取3周龄BALB/c雄性小鼠50只,随机分为副干酪乳杆菌L9高、中、低剂量组、阳性对照组(商业菌株Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota)、阴性对照(生理盐水)组共5组,以0.2 m L/d的剂量连续灌胃小鼠21 d并收集第0、21天小鼠粪便。第21天处死小鼠后搜集收集盲肠内容物,利用气相色谱仪观察内容物中SCFAs的变化,并且利用实时定量聚合酶链式反应(real-time polymerase chain reaction,RT-PCR)分析肠道菌群数量的变化。结果:与第0天相比,第21天小鼠粪便中SCFAs中乙酸、丙酸含量极显著上升(P0.01),Bifidobaceterium spp.、Lactobacillus属数量和丁酰辅酶A转移酶(butyryl-Co A:acetate Co A-transferase,CoAT)基因的表达量显著升高(P0.05);盲肠内容物中,低剂量组和高剂量组中的Bifidobaceterium spp.数量和CoAT基因表达量分别与第0天和阴性对照组相比有显著差异(P0.05)。实验结果表明:副干酪乳杆菌L9可以调节肠道菌群,促进健康小鼠肠道中SCFAs的产生,并且与商业菌株Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota相比,副干酪乳杆菌L9对肠道内丙酸、丁酸的含量和肠道中Bifidobaceterium spp.的数量有更好的促进作用。     

Effect of probiotic strains Lactobacillus acidophilus LAFTI L10 and Lactobacillus paracasei LAFTI L26 on systemic immune functions and bacterial translocation in mice

The immunostimulatory effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus LAFTI L10 and Lactobacillus paracasei LAFTI L26 were evaluated to determine their probiotic properties for functional food applications. Mice were given oral doses of either L. acidophilus L10 or L. paracasei L26 (108 CFU/50 microl/day), and the effects on immune responses and bacterial translocation were assessed after the 14-day feeding trial. The proliferative responses of splenocytes to concanavalin A and lipopolysaccharide were significantly higher in mice fed L. acidophilus. Concanavalin A-induced splenocyte proliferative responses increased significantly in mice fed L. paracasei. Interleukin 10 and interferon gamma production from the splenocytes stimulated with concanavalin A were enhanced in mice fed L. acidophilus or L. paracasei. The phagocytic activity of the peritoneal macrophages was significantly higher in mice fed either L. acidophilus or L. paracasei compared with control mice. In mice fed L. acidophilus or L. paracasei, the bacterial translocation of Lactobacillus spp. and total anaerobes to Peyer's patches and mesenteric lymph nodes was modulated compared with that in the control mice. Furthermore, there was no indication of disruption of intestinal mucosal integrity and thus no bacterial translocation to spleen, liver, or blood in mice fed either L. acidophilus or L. paracasei. The results of this study indicate that L. acidophilus and L. paracasei are potential enhancers of systemic immunity and are nonpathogenic, as suggested by their bacterial translocation profiles in healthy mice.     

Characterization of certain bacterial strains for potential use as starter or probiotic cultures in dairy products

The present work was aimed at characterizing 12 strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to obtain improved potential starter or probiotic cultures that could be used for making dairy products from ewe's milk and cow's milk. Eight strains with antimicrobial properties, isolated from ewe's milk and from cheese made from ewe's and/or cow's milk, were studied. They were identified as Enterococcus faecalis (five strains), Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, and Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei (one strain of each species). Additionally, four strains were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection: Lactobacillus casei 393 (isolated from cheese), L. lactis subsp. lactis 11454 (origin nonspecified and a producer of nisin), and two strains isolated from human feces (L. paracasei subsp. paracasei 27092 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus 53103, antibacterial agent producer). All E. faecalis strains showed at least one virulence factor (either hemolysin or gelatinase), which emphasizes the importance of these studies in this species. Both L. lactis strains and most Lactobacillus spp. were good acidifiers in ewe's milk and cow's milk at 30°C. High β-galactosidase activity, as well as aminopeptidase activities that favor the development of desirable flavors in cheese, were detected in all Lactobacillus spp. strains. Furthermore, L. rhamnosus ATCC 53103 showed α-fucosidase activity (thought to help colonization of the intestine) and lack of α-glucosidase activity (a trait considered positive for diabetic and obese humans). This last enzymatic activity was also lacking in L. lactis ATCC 11454. L. mesenteroides was the only strain D(2)-lactic acid producer. The selection of any particular strain for probiotic or dairy cultures should be performed according to the technological and/or functional abilities needed.     

副干酪乳杆菌K56调节肠道菌群及润肠通便功能研究

目的:参考保健食品检验与技术评价规范(2003版)中关于调节肠道菌群及通便功能动物实验评价方法评价副干酪乳杆菌调节肠道菌群及润肠通便功能。方法:分别以0.000867、0.00867、0.0867、0.867、8.67 mg/kg灌胃给予副干酪乳杆菌K56菌株(实验室检测菌株规格为1.5×1011 CFU/g),检测小鼠干预14 d前后双歧杆菌、乳杆菌、肠杆菌、肠球菌、产气荚膜梭菌含量,并测定干预30 d后小肠墨汁推进率、首粒黑便时间、排黑便粒数及重量,评价副干酪乳杆菌对小鼠肠道菌群及排便的影响。结果:干预14 d前后比较,各组小鼠粪便双歧杆菌、乳杆菌、产气荚膜梭菌均显著增加(P<0.05),而肠杆菌和肠球菌无显著变化(P>0.05);与对照组比较,以0.00867、0.0867、0.867 mg/kg剂量的K56干预后,小鼠肠道内双歧杆菌及乳杆菌数量显著增加(P<0.05),0.000867、0.00867、0.867 mg/kg剂量的K56干预后产气荚膜梭菌含量显著降低(P<0.05);与模型组比较,0.00867、0.867、8.67 mg/kg剂量组干预小鼠墨汁推进率显著增高(P<0.05),0.0867、0.867 mg/kg剂量组小鼠排黑便粒数与重量显著增加(P<0.05),但各剂量组对小鼠首粒黑便时间与模型对照组无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:副干酪乳杆菌K56菌株具有调节肠道菌群和润肠通便的作用,调节肠道菌群最佳剂量为0.0867 mg/kg(对应人体剂量1.0×108 CFU/d),润肠通便最低有效剂量为0.867 mg/kg(对应人体剂量为1.0×109 CFU/d)。     

Immune enhancing effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus LAFTI L10 and Lactobacillus paracasei LAFTI L26 in mice

The immune enhancing properties of Lactobacillus acidophilus LAFTI L10 and Lactobacillus paracasei LAFTI L26 in mice were investigated. Each mouse (BALB/c) was orally fed with cultures of either L. acidophilus or L. paracasei at 10(8) CFU/50 mul per day for 14 days. The effect of these strains on immunoglobulin A, interleukin-10 and interferon gamma producing cells in the gut immune system was determined by immunofluorescence assays. Systemic immune responses were analysed in mice serum upon euthanising after a 14-day feeding trial to estimate cytokines such as IL-10 and IFN-gamma by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. L. acidophilus and L. paracasei strains demonstrated an increase in the number of IgA producing cells, IL-10 and IFN-gamma cytokine producing cells in the small intestine. In the systemic immune response, mice fed with L. acidophilus or L. paracasei also enhanced the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) and pro-inflammatory cytokine (IFN-gamma). The results of this study suggest that L. acidophilus and L. paracasei were able to enhance specific gut and systemic immune responses in mice.     

抗食源性致病菌益生菌的筛选及其抑菌活性评价

采用交叉划线法、径向划线法、琼脂扩散法及液体共培养法评价各益生菌菌株及其代谢产物对4 株具代表性食源性致病菌的抑菌作用,并从20?株益生菌中筛选出同时对单核细胞性李斯特菌和金黄色葡萄球菌（革兰氏阳性致病菌）及大肠杆菌和鼠伤寒沙门菌（革兰氏阴性致病菌）具有良好抑菌活性的益生菌菌株。将筛选出的益生菌添加到羟丙基纤维素、丙三醇及魔芋粉的高分子复合材料中制备生物活性抑菌膜,并对抑菌膜中益生菌的存活情况及抑菌膜的抗菌效果进行评价。交叉划线法及径向划线法实验结果一致：乳杆菌属和肠球菌属的菌株,特别是Lactobacillus paracasei CICC 20241菌株对4?株目标致病菌均具有较高的抗菌活性;琼脂扩散法实验表明：L. paracasei CICC 20241菌株的培养液、上清液和菌悬液均具有较好的抑菌效果;液体共培养法实验表明：乳酸菌L. paracasei CICC 20241先于致病菌接种时表现出更高的生长活性和拮抗活性。此外,本实验制备的抑菌膜是L. paracasei CICC 20241菌株的良好载体,适宜该菌株的生长存活并对目标致病菌表现出持续的抗菌活性,对于开发鲜食食品的包装材料具有较大的应用潜力。     

5 种食品原料对高脂饮食诱导的肥胖大鼠肠道菌群和短链脂肪酸的影响

香蕉粉、魔芋精粉、抗性糊精、玉米淀粉以及左旋肉碱这5 种食品原料据报道都有减肥功能,但它们对肠道微生物和代谢产物的影响以及与肠道菌群相关的减肥机制的差异尚不清楚。本研究采用16S rRNA测序检测肥胖大鼠肠道内容物,并通过高效液相色谱法（high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC）测定粪便中短链脂肪酸的含量。结果显示：益生菌属Ruminococcus_2、Coprococcus_2和Ruminiclostridium_5分别在玉米淀粉、香蕉粉和抗性糊精组中富集。Spearman相关性分析和典型关联分析（canonical correlation analysis,CCA）结果表明,肠道微生物的变化与糖脂代谢相关的生化参数密切相关。以可溶性膳食纤维为主的原料（魔芋粉和抗性糊精）和以不可溶性膳食纤维（抗性淀粉）为主的原料（香蕉粉和玉米淀粉）对短链脂肪酸的产生能力贡献度相当,均优于左旋肉碱。5 种原料增殖肠道益生菌、抑制有害菌的效果依次为抗性糊精＞香蕉粉＞玉米淀粉＞魔芋精粉,增加短链脂肪酸含量的能力依次为香蕉粉＞抗性糊精＞玉米淀粉＞魔芋精粉,而左旋肉碱对肠道菌群和短链脂肪酸几乎没有什么影响。CCA结果显示,糖脂代谢生化指标与肠道微生物群落的相关程度为空腹血糖水平＞高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平＞总胆固醇水平＞低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平＞总甘油三酯水平。Spearman相关性分析表明Ruminococcus_2与丁酸含量呈正相关,Escherichia.Shigella与乙酸、丁酸和总短链脂肪酸含量呈正相关。