北京“十三五”时期食品安全风险评估与预警应急科技支撑工程

北京的食品主要由外埠供应,其食品安全环境日趋复杂,未知风险、人为风险和衍生风险较大。风险产生的主要原因包括全国不同地区产业基础参差不齐、大宗农副产品供应链存在问题、未全面采用与国际接轨的风险评估和控制技术,以及新技术、新工艺、新资源带来的食品安全新问题。"十三五"时期,建议北京市不断完善首都居民营养物质摄入和危害物质膳食暴露数据库,构建食品安全高风险物质毒理学评估技术平台、食源性致病菌和病因性食品溯源平台和食品安全预警应急体系。     

“兽药残留检测技术与风险评估”专题征稿函

正兽药在防治动物疾病、提高生产效率、改善畜产品质量等方面起着十分重要的作用,但是,由此带来的食品安全问题值得关注。滥用兽药极易造成动物源食品中有害物质的残留,这不仅对人体健康造成直接危害,而且对畜牧业的发展和生态环境也造成极大危害。近几年促使了食品毒理学、食品风险控制与管理理论、现代检测分析技术特别是快速、高通量、多组分残留检测及未知化合物的筛查技术在此领域的运用并取得了一定     

“兽药残留检测技术与风险评估”专题征稿函

正兽药在防治动物疾病、提高生产效率、改善畜产品质量等方面起着十分重要的作用,但是,由此带来的食品安全问题值得关注。滥用兽药极易造成动物源食品中有害物质的残留,这不仅对人体健康造成直接危害,而且对畜牧业的发展和生态环境也造成极大危害。近几年促使了食品毒理学、食品风险控制与管理理论、现代检测分析技术特别是快速、高通量、多组分残留检测及未知化合物的筛查技术在此领域的运用并取得了一定的突破。     

“兽药残留检测技术与风险评估”专题征稿函

正兽药在防治动物疾病、提高生产效率、改善畜产品质量等方面起着十分重要的作用,但是,由此带来的食品安全问题值得关注。滥用兽药极易造成动物源食品中有害物质的残留,这不仅对人体健康造成直接危害,而且对畜牧业的发展和生态环境也造成极大危害。近几年促使了食品毒理学、食品风险控制与管理理论、现代检测分析技术特别是快速、高通量、多组分残留检测及未知化合物的筛查技术在此领域的运用并取得了一定     

“兽药残留检测技术与风险评估”专题征稿函

正兽药在防治动物疾病、提高生产效率、改善畜产品质量等方面起着十分重要的作用,但是,由此带来的食品安全问题值得关注。滥用兽药极易造成动物源食品中有害物质的残留,这不仅对人体健康造成直接危害,而且对畜牧业的发展和生态环境也造成极大危害。近几年促使了食品毒理学、食品风险控制与管理理论、现代检测分析技术特别是快速、高通量、多组分残留检测及未知化合物的筛查技术在此领域的运用并取得了一定的突破。鉴于此,本刊特别策划了"兽药残留检测技术与风险评估"专题,由上海出人境检验检疫局朱坚研究员担     

基于DNA条码技术的高通量食品中动物源性成分的快速检测方法

本文应用DNA条码技术,研究通用引物,扩增动物源性加工食品中线粒体基因COI,开发检验快速、准确、低成本和高通量的食品中动物源性成分的快速检测方法.结果表明,该方法有很好的特异性,最低检出限为0.10 ng/μL,可以对未知、已知动物源性成分的食品进行快速、准确的定性、定量检测.     

基于高分辨质谱的分析技术在食品检测中的应用

高分辨质谱技术(High resolution mass spectrometer, HRMS)是具有食品安全风险识别能力的分析技术,理论上能够检测和鉴别食品中所有风险物质,适用于多种微量危害因子的鉴别和监测。基于HRMS的靶向高通量检测、非靶向筛查、代谢组学、分子网络等新兴分析策略,能够帮助检测实验室面对日益增长的食品安全需求。同时在数据处理、统计分析和化学物质鉴别方面,支持HRMS数据的软件和数据库也在不断地开发和扩展。文章从分析策略、化学计量学分析、数据库检索三个方面,简述了HRMS在食品质量及安全检测中的潜能和技术路线,系统阐述HRMS及相关分析技术在食品检测领域的发展趋势。     

北京“十三五”时期食品安全关键技术及 实现路径研究

"十三五"时期,北京市拟通过系统开展食品安全"二四六"规划建设,即建设京津冀食品安全生产加工技术集成和京津冀食品安全风险控制协同创新两个体系,建设检测装备研发与协同应用、安全检测与防控技术研发、风险评估与预警科技支撑以及食品安全智慧监管信息化四个平台,优先实施农产品安全生产与安全投入品研发科技促进工程、食品生产加工与现代物流技术升级工程、营养健康促进与功能食品研发科技创新工程、食品安全智慧监管科技保障工程、食品安全风险评估与预警应急科技支撑工程和食品安全高通量检测技术研发科技提升工程六项工程,有力推动京津冀食品安全和质量控制关键技术和产业升级,提升北京市风险发现、风险评估和风险控制能力。     

动物源性食品安全检测技术研究进展

食品安全问题受到全球关注,动物源性食品安全问题屡遭曝光。经过加工重组的动物源性食品,其物种的原有形态已被破坏,感官鉴定很难辨别真伪。因此,本文详细论述了动物源性食品的定义、分类、掺假类型,说明了掺假的潜在危害,主要总结了动物性食品安全检测技术的研究进展,并对动物源性食品在中国的发展进行了展望,以期为动物源性食品安全检测研究提供参考。     

动物源性食品中头孢菌素及代谢物残留分析方法研究进展

在畜禽养殖过程中大量使用广谱、高效的头孢菌素类抗生素以防治疾病,由此引发的食品安全风险得到科研工作者的广泛关注。然而,进行动物源性食品中头孢菌素残留的市场风险筛查时发现,基本无法检出残留量。头孢菌素可能以代谢物的形式存在于食品中,而部分代谢物具有杀菌活性、致敏性及细菌耐药性,一旦为人体摄入,甚至可能产生肝肾毒性,由此引发食品安全风险。动物源性食品基质复杂,且其中残留的头孢菌素类抗生素及代谢物含量甚微,因此,开展新型、快速的复杂基质样品前处理,以及灵敏、准确、高通量的头孢菌素类抗生素及代谢物的仪器分析方法的研究非常必要。本文对国内外动物源性食品中头孢菌素类抗生素及代谢物残留分析检测现状进行了阐述,详细介绍了样品前处理和分析检测方法的研究进展,为深入持续相关研究、科学有效保障食品安全提供重要的理论基础。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Influence des ions sur le pouvoir hydratant de l'ure e: e tude sur peau de porc ex vivo

This study deals with the influence of ions (NaCl and MgSO4) in a W/O emulsion containing 10% urea. Moisturization kinetics are assessed by corneometry on pig skin ex vivo. The formula's influence on urea penetration is measured by infrared spectrometry with an ATR device and the stripping method. Corneometry and spectroscopy were chosen to record simultaneously the hydratation levels and urea localization into superficial cell layers. Urea crystallization after evaporation of emulsions and aqueous solutions is described. Results show that urea does not hydrate nor penetrate when applied to the skin through an aqueous gel. In a W/O emulsion, sodium chloride increases the ability of urea to moisturize without improving penetration. In vitro urea crystallization is disturbed by sodium chloride or magnesium sulphate for solutions and emulsions. This stabilization by ions is correlated with good moisturization values. The stabilization of urea in the solute state provided by ions increases its water epidermal binding capacity without enhancing penetration.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.