磁共振灌注成像评价脑胶质瘤分级的临床应用

目的 :评价磁共振灌注成像 (magneticresonanceper fusionweightedimaging,MRPWI)在脑胶质瘤中的应用价值 .方法 :经手术及病理证实的脑胶质瘤共 2 6例 .行常规MR及MR灌注成像检查 .原始灌注图像数据经工作站软件处理 ,构建脑血流容积 (CBV)图 ,计算最大相对CBV(rCBV)值 .结果 :低级组 (Ⅰ Ⅱ级 )胶质瘤最大rCBV值范围为 0 .72～ 4 .2 6 ,均值为 (2 .1 0± 1 .1 8) .高级组 (Ⅲ Ⅳ级 )胶质瘤最大rCBV值范围为 0 .89～ 1 0 .0 2 ,均值为 (5 .2 3± 1 .86 ) .两组间最大rCBV值有统计学意义差异 (P <0 .0 1 ) .结论 :磁共振灌注成像对胶质瘤术前分级有临床实用价值 ,可以提供常规MR图像所无法获得的肿瘤血供信息     

螺旋CT灌注成像对脑胶质瘤血流灌注的定量研究

目的:探讨螺旋CT灌注成像对脑胶质瘤血流灌注的定量诊断的价值。方法:有病理或追踪结果的39例脑病变患者,其中胶质瘤2 5例,非胶质瘤1 4例,应用SomatomPlus 4螺旋CT扫描机对所有患者进行CT灌注成像扫描。经灌注软件处理,使用2 5 6彩色直观地显示脑组织中血流灌注图,并计算出局部脑血流量(rCBF)、局部脑血容量(rCBV)、对比剂平均通过时间(MTT) ,并与对侧脑组织灌注参数进行统计分析比较。结果:脑胶质瘤的rCBF、rCBV值明显高于对侧脑组织rCBF分别为( 78.62±5 2 .1 9)mL/( 1 0 0g·min) ,( 2 6.48±8.2 1 )mL/( 1 0 0g·min) ,P <0 .0 1 ,rCBV分别为( 1 4.1 3±8.1 6)mL/1 0 0g ,( 2 .1 4±1 .34)mL/1 0 0g ,MTT值明显高于对侧脑组织( 8.2 0±3.42 )s ,( 3.82±2 .2 6)s ,P <0 .0 1 ,以上均有程度不同的瘤周水肿,其rCBF、rCBV均低于对侧脑组织,脑膜瘤、转移瘤、血管母细胞瘤、淋巴瘤均显示局部高灌注。结论:灌注成像能定量脑胶质瘤的血供状态,显示特征性动态曲线,估计病理类型,检出脑胶质瘤瘤周水肿低灌注区和术后复发灶。     

磁共振灌注加权成像在颅脑胶质瘤分级中的价值研究

目的探讨相对脑血容积（rCBV）、相对脑血流量（rCBF）和相对平均通过时间（rMTT）在鉴别颅脑胶质瘤病理分级中的价值。方法对病理证实为颅脑胶质瘤的患者（Ⅱ级胶质瘤9例,Ⅲ级胶质瘤11例,Ⅳ级胶质瘤14例）行MR灌注加权成像及常规MRI检查。由灌注加权成像数据获取脑血容积（CBV）图、脑血流量（CBF）图和平均通过时间（MTT）图,计算出rCBV、rCBF和rMTT值。结果Ⅱ级胶质瘤的rCBV、rCBF和rMTT值分别为2．68±1．37、2．52±1．29和1．02±0．30,Ⅲ级胶质瘤的rCBV、rCBF和rMTT值分别为4．99±2．34、4．77±1．97和1．07±0．15,Ⅳ级胶质瘤的rCBV、rCBF和rMTT值分别为6．69±1．88、6．97±1．73和1．08±0．22,各组间rCBV和rCBF值比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,而rMTT值比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论MR灌注加权成像能有效地在术前评价颅脑胶质瘤的病理级别,rCBV值结合rCBF值可以更好地对颅脑胶质瘤进行病理分级。     

磁共振灌注成像在颅内星形细胞瘤诊断中的价值

目的：探讨磁共振灌注成像（PWI）及rCBV值在术前评价星形细胞瘤组织学分级中的价值。方法：41例经病理组织学证实的星形细胞瘤，均在常规MR扫描后，进行PWI成像扫描。获得PW伪彩图，利用分析软件包Function—Tool计算rCBV值，进行统计学分析。结果：高度恶性星形细胞瘤（21例）rCBV值为4．04±1．75（1．98～8．31）。低度恶性星形细胞瘤（20例）rCBV值为1．64±0．90（0．23～3．58）。结论：磁共振灌注成像（PWI）对星形细胞瘤的术前分级及对术后复发的判断具有重要价值。     

MR脑血流灌注成像在胶质瘤中的应用

目的:探讨胶质瘤磁共振灌注成像参数与肿瘤病理分级及肿瘤侵袭性之间的关系.方法:收集本院神经外科经手术及病理证实的胶质瘤共36例,行常规MR及MR灌注成像检查,构建局部脑血容量(rCBV)图,并计算肿瘤实质及肿瘤周围水肿区平均相对局部脑血容量值(rrCBV),分析上述参数与胶质瘤分级的关系.结果:高级别胶质瘤及低级别胶质瘤肿瘤实质区的平均rrCBV值分别为2.20±0.75、1.31±0.35,高级别胶质瘤及低级别胶质瘤瘤周水肿区域的平均rrCBV值分别为1.98±0.66、0.99±0.24.高级别胶质瘤肿瘤实质区及瘤周水肿区的平均rrCBV值分别大于低级别胶质瘤的肿瘤实质区和瘤周水肿区的平均rrCBV值(P＜0.05).结论:MR脑血流灌注成像能够对胶质瘤分级提供依据并评价肿瘤对周围组织的侵袭性.     

磁共振灌注加权成像在颅脑胶质瘤术前分级中的诊断价值

目的:探讨通过磁共振灌注加权成像(PWI)技术在脑胶质瘤患者术前分级中的临床应用价值.方法:选取我院40例脑胶质瘤患者(低级别胶质瘤22例,高级别胶质瘤18例),分别进行常规MRI和PWI检查,分别测量肿瘤实性区域和相应部位正常参照区域的rCBV值,观察高级别胶质瘤组和低级别组肿瘤实性区域CBV值与正常对照的相可关系.结果:高级别胶质瘤组肿瘤强化区域与对侧正常区域比值(rCBV值)明显高于后者,两组之间差异有显著性(P<0.05).结论:灌注加权成像在诊断脑胶质瘤术前分级上,具有很高的预测价值,可为术前无创性地评价胶质瘤的恶性程度及选择治疗方案等提供重要的依据,值得临床上推广和应用.     

脑星形细胞肿瘤的MR灌注成像与病理对照

目的研究MR灌注成像在脑星形细胞肿瘤术前分级中的应用价值.方法32例脑星形细胞肿瘤病人依次行常规MRI平扫、MR灌注成像及增强MRI.MR灌注成像采用动态增强T2*WI梯度回波-回波平面成像序列(T2*WI GRE-EPI),造影剂用量为0.2mmol/kg,注射流率为3～4 mL/s.首先得到信号强度-时间曲线,并合成相对脑血流容积(rCBV)图,计算出最大rCBV比率.独立样本t检验用于评价两组数据的差异,P＜0.05认为有统计学意义.结果低级别星形细胞瘤(Ⅰ～Ⅱ)18例,高级别星形细胞瘤(Ⅲ～ⅣV)14例.低级别星形细胞瘤组最大rCBV比率为(2.57±0.78)1.44～4.88,高级别星形细胞瘤组最大rCBV比率为(5.40±0.63)4.76～7.07,两组之间比较有显著性差异(P＜0.01).结论MR灌注成像能有效地在术前评价星形细胞肿瘤的病理级别.     

DSC-MRI和DCE-MRI定量分析在脑胶质瘤分级诊断中的应用

目的 定量分析T1加权动态对比增强成像(DCE-MRI)中的参数(Ktrans、Ve)和T2加权动态磁敏感增强灌注成像(DSC-MRI)中的参数(rCBV、rCBF)与肿瘤病理分级的相关性,比较DCE-MRI及DSC-MRI参数在脑胶质瘤分级诊断中的价值.方法 病理证实的85例脑胶质瘤患者,低级别胶质瘤36例,高级别胶质瘤49例.患者在术前行DCE-MRI成像或/和DSC-MRI成像,以相应后处理软件获得灌注参数值.采用单因素方差分析比较不同级别胶质瘤Ktrans与Ve值及rCBV与rCBF值与肿瘤病理分级的差异,应用Pearson相关系数分析Ktrans、Ve值及rCBV、rCBF值与胶质瘤级别之间的相关性.应用ROC曲线分析获得Ktrans、Ve值及rCBV与rCBF值鉴别不同级别胶质瘤的最佳阈值及其敏感性和特异性.结果 高级别胶质瘤的平均Ktrans及Ve值均显著高于低级别胶质瘤[分别为(0.157±0.177)/min-1 vs (0.029±0.020)/min-1; (0.601±0.246) vs (0.118 ±0.062),P ＜0.01].当Ktrans=0.055/min-1时其诊断敏感性及特异性分别为89.7％和90.5％,当Ve=0.343时其诊断敏感性及特异性分别为86.2％和85.7％.高级别胶质瘤的平均rCBV及rCBF值均显著高于低级别胶质瘤[(2.649±1.351)vs(1.480±0.391);(2.427±1.248) vs(1.377±0.545),P＜0.01].当rCBV=2.043时其诊断敏感性及特异性分别95.2％和92.9％,当rCBF=1.886时其诊断敏感性及特异性分别为85.7％和85.7％.结论 Ktrans与Ve值,rCBV与rCBF值用于脑胶质瘤分级均具有较强相关性,而rCBV是敏感性及特异性最高的参数,其次是Ktrans、Ve和rCBF.     

应用多层螺旋CT灌注成像评估脑胶质瘤病理分级的可行性分析

目的分析应用多层螺旋CT灌注成像评估脑胶质瘤病理分级的可行性。方法回顾性分析本院2017年1月至2019年9月收治的55例脑胶质瘤患者的临床资料,将MSCT诊断结果进行讨论和分析,比较肿瘤实质区、不同级别脑胶质瘤实质区与对侧正常脑组织区灌注参数值,分析脑胶质瘤不同级别中最大灌注参数值。结果脑胶质瘤实质区的BF、BV、PS值显著高于对侧正常脑组织区(P0.05);不同级别脑胶质瘤实质区的BF、BV、PS值比较,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);不同级别对侧正常脑组织区的BF、BV、PS值比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);肿瘤恶性程度越高,rBF、rBV值越大(P0.05)。结论 MSCT灌注成像可真实反映脑胶质瘤的微血管分布和血流灌注情况,在术前评估脑胶质瘤病理分级中具有一定的价值,可为临床术前分级提供可靠的信息。     

MRI 灌注和扩散加权成像对脑胶质瘤分级的比较研究

 【目的】 分析同一组脑胶质瘤的MRI灌注和扩散加权图像信息,对比这两种功能成像对脑胶质瘤病理分级的诊断价值&#65377;【方法】 42例(低级胶质瘤20例,高级胶质瘤22例)脑胶质瘤患者行MRI灌注及扩散加权成像,测量肿瘤实质的灌注参数和弥散参数,进行差异的t检验,采用受试者操作特征曲线(ROC曲线)确定找到诊断阈值,计算敏感性及特异性&#65377;对两种诊断方法进行评价并对诊断符合率进行χ2检验&#65377;【结果】 低级胶质瘤20例,高级胶质瘤22例&#65377;低级胶质瘤的rCBV,rMSD,rMTT, ADC和rADC值分别为2.25 ± 1.07,1.82 ± 0.70,1.07 ± 0.08,(1.36 ± 0.14) × 10-3 mm2&#8226;s-1和1.69 ± 0.23&#65377;高级胶质瘤的rCBV,rMTT,rMSD,ADC和rADC值分别为4.83 ± 1.84,3.36 ± 0.88,1.04 ± 0.06,(1.10 ± 0.12) × 10-3 mm2&#8226;s-1和1.41 ± 0.18&#65377;高级与低级胶质瘤的rCBV,rMSD,ADC和rADC值有统计学意义&#65377;以rCBV值3.5为阈值,诊断敏感度为81.8%,特异度为90%;rMSD值2.1为阈值,诊断敏感度为95.5%,特异度为80%;ADC阈值为1.23 × 10-3 mm2/s时,诊断敏感度为86.4%,特异度为85%&#65377;通过对AUC的计算和假设检验,发现PWI和DWI诊断准确度较高,差异无统计学意义&#65377;【结论】 以PWI和DWI的rCBV值3.5&#65380;rMSD值2.1&#65380;ADC值1.23 × 10-3 mm2&#8226;s-1为阈值时,均有利于鉴别胶质瘤级别&#65377;这些阈值对于评价胶质瘤的术前病理分级以及指导肿瘤的治疗和估计预后具有一定的价值&#65377;     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.