一种无线传感器网络定位实验系统设计与分析

建立面向无线传感器网络,应用的实验系统,对于WSN算法的研究与应用具有重要的意义.设计并建立一套用于WSN定位算法测试与分析的无线传感器网络定位实验系统,系统由硬件甲台和软件平台组成,硬件平台由Macaz节点、MIB600构成,自主开发的软件平台SNICI对数据进行处理并实时显示整个WSN的运行状态,具有一定的通用性和可扩展性.在实验系统平台上设计并完成了基于接收信号强度(Received Signal Strength Indicator,RSSI)的定位、跟踪的相关实验与研究,并测试和分析了系统性能.实验结果表明了该实验系统的可行性.实验系统的构建有利于对WSN定位算法进行测试、分析以及优化.     

基于比较信号接收强度的传感器定位算法研究*

定位技术是传感器网络的重要技术,分析了几种Rangefree定位算法的特点,提出基于比较信号接收强度的传感器定位算法（LBRSSI）。其基本思想是通过比较接收到的信号强度大小来产生圆环,最后通过圆环的交集来确定节点的位置,并加入了角度阈值条件以适应无线信号的不规则性。研究了系统参数对于算法定位精度所造成的不同影响,结果发现无线信号损耗越不规则,算法定位精度越小,同时增加锚节点个数有利于提高算法的定位精度,而增加锚节点的传播距离也可以有限度地提高算法定位精度。     

普适计算环境下室内定位模型的研究*

在分析了普适计算环境的特点后,指出现有的定位方案不适应普适环境下的定位要求,相应地提出一种以超声测距为原理的室内定位模型。经过性能分析证明,它能够取得良好的效果,为普适计算环境下各种服务的实现提供了一个重要的前提。     

Localization performance of binaurally recorded sounds with and without training

One of the problems associated with listening to binaurally recorded sound events is localization confusions. The main objective of this investigation was to find out whether a short training session prior to listening to binaural recordings through headphones would facilitate correct spatial perception of the sound field. Focus was on the localization of the sound stimuli in median plane. Sound signals were recorded with an artificial head in three different conditions namely, anechoic, highly reverberant and moderately reverberant. Fourteen subjects participated in the listening tests. All subjects were required to localize all virtual sound stimuli under two different conditions. The first condition had a short training session binaurally recorded in the same environments as preceeding sound stimuli, and only sound stimuli recorded in the same environment were presented. The second condition did not have a training session, and sound stimuli recorded in different environments were presented. Results showed that a short training session prior to listening to binaurally recorded sounds through headphones was useful as it facilitated localization performance. The biggest effect was in reduced amount of sounds perceived inside the head. It was most pronounced for sound stimuli recorded in anechoic environment.     

Localization of a mobile robot based on an ultrasonic sensor using dynamic obstacles

In this article, we propose a localization scheme for a mobile robot based on the distance between the robot and moving objects. This method combines the distance data obtained from ultrasonic sensors in a mobile robot, and estimates the location of the mobile robot and the moving object. The movement of the object is detected by a combination of data and the object’s estimated position. Then, the mobile robot’s location is derived from the a priori known initial state. We use kinematic modeling that represents the movement of a robot and an object. A Kalman-filtering algorithm is used for addressing estimation error and measurement noise. Throughout the computer simulation experiments, the performance is verified. Finally, the results of experiments are presented and discussed. The proposed approach allows a mobile robot to seek its own position in a weakly structured environment. This work was presented in part at the 12th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 25–27, 2007     

Embedded electrode electrochemical noise monitoring of the corrosion beneath organic coatings induced by ac-dc-ac conditions

The degradation of urethane topcoat/epoxy primer systems used for military aircraft and industrial applications were monitored using the electrochemical noise method and measured with embedded electrodes. The degradation was induced by the ac-dc-ac method. The trend in the noise resistance parameter was consistent with the trend in the low frequency impedance modulus obtained from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy experiments. The localization index was not informative about the corrosion mechanism. However, the two shot noise parameters, average charge of event and event frequency, were able to characterize the corrosion process beneath the coating. There was a change from uniform corrosion to localized corrosion on the metal substrate associated with the aircraft coating as indicated by the decrease in frequency event as this coating failed. There was an increase in the charge per corrosion event of the substrate of the industrial coating indicating that the uniform corrosion occurring became more severe as the coating failed.     

对建筑本土化表达的探索——以南京陵园小筑建筑改造为例

结合南京陵园小筑建筑改造方案的设计,在充分考虑了当地气候特点、环境特征和建筑文脉后,从总平面的规划、建筑单体设计、建筑造型和材料使用等方面,对建筑的本土化表达进行了探索和研究。同时提出一些新的见解,倡导建筑师在设计实践中对我国地域文化与建筑设计的结合进行积极的思考和运用。     

一种融合多帧ICP和图优化的算法研究

当前基于迭代最近点拼接的同时定位与建图算法,存在误差积累、无法满足大范围定位精度的缺陷。为此,提出一种融合多帧迭代最近点和图优化的算法。在时域上处理点云拼接问题,将单帧迭代最近点算法推广到多帧进行最近点迭代,提取同一地点在不同时刻的数据特征,形成多个封闭循环,再运用基于最小二乘的图优化方法对点云拼接后的全网数据进行全局优化,消除累计误差,提升整体的定位精度。采用鲁巷和密歇根的数据进行测试,结果表明,该方法在一定程度上减少了匹配误差,平均误差为1.0m,最小误差为0.2m,可以满足大范围同步定位与建图的精度需求。     

浅谈山东黄金矿业进口设备备件国产化

针对进口设备备件的优缺点,提出了国产化工作的必然性和目标,以备件国产化总体思路为指导,最大限度地降低采购价格和运输费用、缩短供货周期、压缩库占资金。同时,针对山东黄金矿业的实际情况,探讨了在国产化工作的实施过程中,应该坚持的意识;按照国产化的总体思路,就具体措施和具体步骤作了详细的论证。     

0301埋刮板链国产化

进口设备备件国产化是一条必由之路,只要深入、细致、科学、大胆地开展工作,国产化之路必将越走越宽广.这不仅给企业带来可观的效益,也必将给民族工业以巨大的推动.