阿霉素壳寡糖纳米粒的制备及体外抗肿瘤研究

目的制备负载阿霉素的壳寡糖纳米粒,并研究其理化性质和体外抗肿瘤细胞毒性。方法采用离子凝胶法制备负载阿霉素的壳寡糖纳米粒;透射电镜观察纳米粒形态,激光粒度仪测定粒径和表面电位,紫外分光光度法测量包封率、载药量,考察载药纳米粒的体外释药特性;采用MTT法对载药壳寡糖纳米粒在体外乳腺癌细胞株MCF-7的细胞毒作用进行评价。结果制得的阿霉素壳寡糖纳米粒呈球形或类球形,形态较为完整,平均粒径为(136.77±1.21)nm,表面电位为(20.53±0.31)m V,包封率为(56.99±1.40)%,载药量为(15.49±0.38)%,168 h的累积释放率为72.15%;阿霉素和载药纳米粒对MCF-7细胞增殖的抑制作用存在明显的浓度和时间依赖性,且载药纳米粒对MCF-7细胞增殖的抑制作用随时间增加而逐渐强于游离阿霉素。结论此方法制备的阿霉素壳寡糖纳米粒粒径较小,药物释放具有明显的缓释作用,并具有较好的抗肿瘤作用。     

多西紫杉醇白蛋白纳米粒的制备及体外评价

目的：制备多西紫杉醇白蛋白纳米粒，考察白蛋白和多西紫杉醇的处方量及乙醇加入量等因素对其形态、粒径、Zeta电位、收率、包封率、载药量和体外释药特性的影响，并对处方工艺进行优化。方法：采用去溶剂化-化学交联法制备多西紫杉醇白蛋白纳米粒，透射电镜观察纳米粒形态，马尔文激光粒度仪测定其粒径分布及Zeta电位，考马斯亮兰-酶标仪法测定纳米粒收率，HPLC法测定纳米粒包封率和载药量；以累积释药百分率为指标，通过方程拟合释药曲线，考察制剂的体外释药特性。处方优化采用星点设计-效应面优化法，应用SAS统计软件对数据进行处理。结果：优化处方制得的纳米粒为类球形，平均粒径65．3nm，Zeta电位-31．4mV，纳米粒收率95．0％，包封率74．3％，载药量4．65％，制剂24小时体外累积释药百分率为74．4％。结论：难溶性抗癌药物多西紫杉醇可以采用去溶剂化-化学交联法制备成白蛋白纳米粒，其粒径小，稳定性高，可显著提高多西紫杉醇在水相中的浓度。其优化处方中药物的释放显著慢于原料药磷酸盐缓冲溶液的释放，具有缓释效果。     

抗癫疒间肽纳米粒的制备及体外释药性能的研究

目的制备抗癫疒间肽纳米粒,并研究其体外释药性能。方法选用聚乙二醇-聚乳酸-聚乙醇酸嵌段共聚物为载体,采用复乳-溶剂挥发法制备抗癫疒间肽纳米粒,以包封率、载药量等指标优化制备工艺,并研究纳米粒体外释药性能。结果抗癫疒间肽纳米粒外观呈圆形或类圆形,平均粒径为(100.2±2.45)nm,包封率和载药量分别为(64.46±1.34)%和(4.73±0.32)%,体外释药呈现缓释和突释两个阶段,符合Weibull方程。结论建立的制备工艺简便可行,得到的抗癫疒间肽纳米粒包封率和载药量较高,粒径小,体外释药具有明显的缓释特征。     

盐酸吉西他滨壳聚糖纳米粒的制备及其体外释药特性研究

目的:优化盐酸吉西他滨壳聚糖纳米粒的制备参数,考察纳米粒体外释药特性。方法:以壳聚糖为辅料,采用离子交联法制备盐酸吉西他滨壳聚糖纳米粒,以包封率、载药量、粒径为参考指标设计试验,确定优化制备参数,以透射电镜观察其表观特征,考察纳米粒体外释药程度。结果:以优化参数制备的盐酸吉西他滨壳聚糖纳米粒包封率为(78.93±1.52)%,载药量为(11.71±0.88)%,纳米粒的平均粒径为(169±24)nm,体外释放试验表明纳米粒中盐酸吉西他滨的释放过程符合Higuchi方程。结论:盐酸吉西他滨可以通过离子交联法制备壳聚糖纳米粒,其粒径、包封率、载药量可控,具有缓释效果。     

5-氟尿嘧啶纳米粒的制备及其体外释药的研究

目的以生物可降解材料乳酸/羟基乙酸共聚物(PLGA)制备5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)纳米粒,并考察纳米粒的体外释放特性。方法采用复乳-溶剂挥发法结合高压均质法制备5-Fu-PLGA纳米粒,用透射电镜观察纳米粒的形态,并研究了5-Fu纳米粒的粒径、载药量、包封率和体外释药。结果5-FU-PLGA纳米粒为圆整的类球形实体粒子,平均粒径为85.4nm,载药量为12.4%±0.7%,包封率为64.1%±5.3%,体外释药符合H iguch i方程:Q=0.0585t1/2 0.087(r=0.9923)。结论所制5-FU纳米粒具有明显的缓释作用。     

CA4固体脂质纳米粒的制备及体外释药特性的考察

目的 制备CA4固体脂质纳米粒(CA4-SLNs),并考察其理化性质及体外释药特性.方法 通过乳化蒸发-低温固化法制备CA4-SLNs,用透射电镜观察形态,激光粒度仪测定粒径和ξ电位,HPLC法测定包封率与载药量,透析法考察其体外释药特性.结果 CA4-SLNs在透射电镜下呈球形或类球形,分布均匀,平均粒径为73.23nm,PDI为0.238,Zeta电位为-30.5 mV;测得3批CA4-SLNs样品的平均包封率为98.62%,载药量为3.89%;体外释药符合Weibull模型:lnln[1/(1-Q)]=0.6123Int-0.736(r=0.9917).结论 乳化蒸发-低温固化法适用于CA4-SLNs的制备,所制纳米粒的包封率较高,释药初期稍有突释,后即出现缓释.     

盐酸伊立替康纳米粒的制备及体外评价

目的:制备盐酸伊立替康纳米粒,并对其纳米粒形态、粒径、包封率和释放进行评价。方法:采用沉淀法制备盐酸伊立替康纳米粒,以包封率作为考察指标,筛选最优处方。用透射电镜观察纳米粒形态,激光粒径测定仪测定粒径,凝胶过滤法测定药物的包封率,透析法考察体外释药特质。结果:盐酸伊立替康纳米粒形态规整,几呈球形,强度径为(193.5±2.5)nm,载药量为26.35%,包封率为(98.00±0.01)%,体外24h的累积释放率为62.09%,比水溶液释放慢。结论:通过优化处方和工艺,制备出的盐酸伊立替康纳米粒粒径均匀,包封率较高,体外释药具有缓释特点。     

口服藻酸双酯钠纳米粒的制备、体外释药特性及其药效学研究

目的为了提高藻酸双酯钠(PSS)口服制剂的稳定性及其生物利用度,制备藻酸双酯钠的口服纳米粒(PSS-NP),并对其理化性质、体外释药特性及其药效学进行考察。方法采用改进的双乳化溶剂蒸发法(W1/O/W2)制备藻酸双酯钠纳米粒并设计正交试验筛选最优处方;透射电镜观察纳米粒形态;粒度及表面电位分析仪测量纳米粒的粒径及zeta电位;氧瓶燃烧法测定载药纳米粒的包封率与载药量;超速离心法考察载药纳米粒的体外释药特性;正常小鼠灌胃给药测定降血糖效果。结果与结论优化的口服藻酸双酯钠纳米粒为规则的圆球形,其粒径大小为181.8 nm,包封率为75.80%,载药量为10.83%,zeta电位为-17.3 mV;12 h内PSS-NP累积释药百分率为60.37%;PSS-NP对正常小鼠具有显著的降血糖效果。     

5-氟尿嘧啶共聚物纳米粒的制备及其药剂学性质

目的 以生物可降解材料Pluronic P105-PAGA共聚物制备5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)纳米粒,并考察纳米粒的药剂学特性.方法 采用透析法制备纳米粒,以包封率和载药量为指标,应用星点设计效应面优化法优化处方,并考察其表面特征、包封率、载药量、粒径、体外释放等性质.结果 5-FU-Pluronic P105-PAGA纳米粒为圆整的类球形实体粒子,平均粒径为175 nm,载药量为22.37%,包封率为95.26%,有突释现象,体外12 h累积释放率为80.4%.结论 所制纳米粒具有高包封率和载药量,粒径适宜,具有一定的缓控释作用.     

冬凌草甲素纳米粒制备及其体外抗肿瘤作用

目的制备冬凌草甲素纳米粒(ORI-Nps),考察其体外抗肿瘤作用.方法采用界面沉淀法制备ORFNps,并对其形态、粒径、ξ电位、包封率、载药量、体外释药特征和抗肿瘤作用进行研究.结果制备的ORI-Nps为类球形,粒径分布均匀,平均粒径为101.5 nm;ξ电位为-29.8 mV;载药量和包封率分别为6.84%和92.25%;体外释药缓慢;对Eta-109细胞具有较强的毒性作用.结论制备的ORI-Nps包封率和载药量高,粒径均匀,体外释药具有缓释特点,体外抗肿瘤作用强.     

Preparation and characterization of sodium ferulate entrapped bovine serum albumin nanoparticles for liver targeting

Sodium ferulate (SF) loaded nanoparticles were prepared by desolvation procedure and subsequent cross-linking of the wall material of bovine serum albumin (BSA). Several factors in the nanoencapsulation process, such as the addition rate of the desolvation agent, composition of BSA and SF solution, amount of the cross-linker glutaraldehyde, were investigated to elucidate their influences on the particle size, zeta potential, drug loading and encapsulation efficiency of the resulted nanoparticles. The obtained spherical nanoparticles were negative charged with zeta potential from -20 to -40 mV, and characterized between 100 and 200 nm with a narrow size distribution. In the condition of introducing 1.0 mL 8% glutareldehyde per mg of BSA, the drug entrapment efficiency (EE) of 80% (w/w) and loading capacity of about 16% (w/w) could be achieved for the cross-linked BSA nanoparticles with SF encapsulated (SF-BSA-NP). And the drug EE was decreased along with the increasing amount of glutareldehyde used for cross-linking. The in vitro drug release properties of SF-BSA-NP behaved with an initial burst effect and then sustained-release stage. To some extent, the drug release rate could be adjusted by cross-linking with different amount of glutaraldehyde. Compared with SF solution, SF-BSA-NP showed a much higher drug distribution into liver and a lower drug concentration in other tissues, after intravenously injected to mice. So, BSA based nanoparticles might be a suitable controlled released carrier for the freely water-soluble drug SF and further hepatic targeted drug delivery.     

粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子壳聚糖缓释纳米粒的制备

目的:研究以生物可降解壳聚糖纳米粒作为粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)新型缓释系统的可行性。方法:以三聚磷酸钠为交联剂,采用离子交联法制备负载GM-CSF和牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的纳米粒。用透射电镜观测纳米粒径和形态;用紫外分光光度计、荧光分光光度计分别测定BSA和GM-CSF包封率,并考察制剂体外药物释放情况。结果:纳米粒形态多呈球形,平均粒径为201nm,GM-CSF和BSA包封率分别为62.1%、58.5% ,3d时体外累积释放率分别为69%、82%。结论:应用离子交联法可制备负载GM-CSF的壳聚糖缓释纳米粒。     

Glycyrrhizin surface-modified chitosan nanoparticles for hepatocyte-targeted delivery

The aim of the present work was to investigate the potential utility of chitosan nanoparticles surface modified with glycyrrhizin (CS-NPs-GL) as new hepatocyte-targeted delivery vehicles. For this purpose, chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) were prepared previously by ionic gelation process and glycyrrhizin was oxidized by sodium periodate to be conjugated to the surface of CS-NPs. The CS-NPs-GL obtained were first characterized for their morphology, particle size, zeta potential, association efficiency and in vitro release of adriamycin (ADR), using as a model drug. The nanoparticles were also labeled with rhodamine B isothiocyanate and their interaction with rat hepatocytes was examined by flow cytometry (FCM) and confocal laser microscopy (CLSM). The spherical nanoparticles prepared with oxidized GL/CS ratio of 0.14:1 (w/w) were in the 147.2nm size range, and exhibited a positive electrical charge (+9.3mV), and associated ADR quite efficiently (association efficiency: 91.7%) and showed lower extent of release (28% over 72h) in vitro. FCM and CLSM studies showed that CS-NPs-GL were preferentially accumulated in hepatocytes and the cellular uptake amount were 4.9 times more than that in hepatic nonparenchymal cells, and the uptake process was dependent on incubation time and dose of nanoparticles, which indicated that the internalization of these nanoparticles into hepatocytes was mostly mediated by a ligand-receptor interaction. In conclusion, CS-NPs-GL as a promising hepatocyte-targeted delivery carrier holds promise for further effective studies.     

Polybutylcyanoacrylate magnetic nanoparticles as carriers of adriamycin

Objective: The present study was designed to prepare and evaluate adriamycin–polybutylcyanoacrylate magnetic nanoparticles (ADR–PBCA-MNPs) as novel carriers of adriamycin.

Methods: ADR–PBCA-MNPs was prepared by the?emulsion polymerization technique. Entrapment efficiency (ER) and drug load (DL) of nanoparticles, along with in vitro release were studied. Pharmacokinetic analysis was carried out in Kunming mice, with blood obtained at determined time points post administration. Biodistribution and recovery rate of ADR was measured and determined.

Results: Nanoparticles were visible as approximate spherical particles with good disparity, with an average diameter of 184.6 nm, a minimum diameter of 59.07?nm, and a maximum diameter of 291.66?nm as demonstrated by transmission electron microscopy. The ER and quantity of DL of ADR–PBCA-MNPs were 90.73 and 10.68%, respectively, measured by an ultraviolet–visible light spectrophotometer. In vitro study demonstrated that the release reached a balance after 72?h, with a total release rate of approximately 80%. As shown in pharmacokinetic studies in rats,the ADR–PBCA-MNPs group displayed a slowed doxorubicin release associated with better bioavailability. ADR–PBCA-MNPs reduced ADR accumulation at nontarget sites in the magnetic field, contributing to the reduced toxicity and side effects of ADR.

Conclusion: ADR–PBCA-MNPs was successfully prepared and had a satisfactory targeted effect under the magnetic field, which can increase ADR concentration at target sites but not at non-target sites. As a result, the therapeutic effect of ADR may be greatly enhanced with minimized drug toxicity and side effects.     

制备工艺对多柔比星白蛋白纳米粒理化性质、体外释放及药动学的影响

分别采用去溶剂化法和乳化交联法制备多柔比星牛血清白蛋白(BSA)纳米粒,以BSA收率、包封率、载药量和粒径等为评价指标,优选处方工艺,并比较两种制备工艺所得制品的差异.结果表明,去溶剂化法和乳化交联法所得纳米粒外观均呈球形,差异不大,BSA收率、包封率、载药量、粒径及ζ电位分别为96.5％、92.9％,98.5％、97.4％,4.3％、3.6％,132.4、172.9 nm,-27.7、-19.9 mV.但制备工艺对体外释放行为和大鼠体内药动学行为影响较大,去溶剂化法和乳化交联法制备的多柔比星BSA纳米粒在生理盐水中48 h累积释放率分别为44.2％、63.8％;大鼠尾静脉给药后,去溶剂化法和乳化交联法所得制品的AUC分别是原药的1.5倍(P＜0.05)和1.1倍(P＞0.05),前法所得纳米粒在大鼠体内具有一定的缓释效果,而后法所得制品没有.     

雷公藤甲素聚乳酸纳米粒的制备及毒性

目的探索可生物降解聚乳酸［poly(D,L-lactic acid)，PLA］纳米粒口服给药后降低毒性的可能性。方法 采用改良的自乳化溶剂蒸发法制备雷公藤甲素聚乳酸纳米粒；透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察纳米粒的形态；动态激光粒度分析仪测定其平均粒径大小和分布；采用反相高效液相色谱法(RP-HPLC)测定纳米粒的包封率及载药量；X-射线粉末衍射(X-ray)初步研究纳米粒中药物的物理状态；考察雷公藤甲素的体外释放特性；评价口服给予纳米粒对大鼠的降毒性作用。 结果确定适合处方的工艺为：水相-有机相为40∶15(v/v)，表面活性剂浓度为1% (w/v)，药物在有机相中的浓度为0.3% (w/w)，TP-PLA为1∶15 (w/w)。处方条件下制备的纳米粒平均粒径为149.7 nm，多分散指数为0.088，平均包封率及载药量分别为74.27% 和1.36%；雷公藤甲素的体外释放分为两相；纳米粒非常显著降低肝的毒性(P<0.01)，显著降低肾的毒性(P<0.05)。结论聚乳酸纳米粒可能成为雷公藤甲素口服给药的新型载体。     

Preparation of scopolamine hydrobromide nanoparticles-in-microsphere system

This study is to prepare scopolamine hydrobromide nanoparticles-in-microsphere system (SH-NiMS) and evaluate its drug release characteristics in vitro. SH nanoparticles were prepared by ionic crosslinking method with tripolyphosphate (TPP) as crosslinker and chitosan as carrier. Orthogonal design was used to optimize the formulation of SH nanoparticles, which took the property of encapsulation efficiency and drug loading as evaluation parameters. With HPMC as carrier, adjusted the parameters of spray drying technique and sprayed the SH nanoparticles in microspheres encaposulated by HPMC was formed and which is called nanoparticles-in-microsphere system (NiMS). SH-NiMS appearances were observed by SEM, structure was obsearved by FT-IR and the release characteristics in vitro were evaluated. The optimized formulation of SH nanoparticles was TPP/CS 1:3 (w/w), HPMC 0.3%, SH 0.2%. The solution peristaltic speed of the spray drying technique was adjusted to 15%, and the temperature of inlet was 110 degrees C. The encapsulation product yeild, drug loading and particle sizes of SH-NiMS were 94.2%, 20.4%, and 1256.5 nm, respectively. The appearances and the structure of SH-NiMS were good. The preparation method of SH-NiMS is stable and reliable to use, which provide a new way to develop new dosage form.     

多柔比星磁性葡聚糖微球的制备及特性检测

目的:制备多柔比星磁性葡聚糖微球并检测其特性。方法:采用吸附法制备多柔比星磁性葡聚糖微球。高倍显微镜观察微球粒径大小及形态,紫外分光光度法检测微球中多柔比星的含量,测定微球磁吸附率,计算求和值 S,确定最佳投料比(药物:载体),绘制药物微球体外释放曲线。结果:制备的多柔比星磁性葡聚糖微球最佳投料比为1:15,磁吸附率为100%。微球外形圆整,分散性好。多柔比星30 min 释放28%;60min 释放45%;6h 释放65%。结论:制备的多柔比星磁性葡聚糖微球缓释性好,磁响应性强,可作为一种治疗顽固性疼痛的靶向神经损毁剂。     

复合碳酸钙空腔纳米粒的制备及性能评价

目的 制备甘草次酸/海藻酸钠修饰碳酸钙空腔纳米粒并进行体外评价。方法 以可溶性淀粉为模板剂制备中空球状碳酸钙纳米粒（CaCO3 Nps）;在非均相体系中合成了甘草次酸/海藻酸钠聚合物（GA-ALG）;并以聚合物（GA-ALG）为壳以中空结构的碳酸钙纳米粒为核,合成了壳核结构的GA-ALG-CaCO3 Nps。采用Malvern粒度分析仪测定纳米粒子的粒度分布和Zeta电位,并通过SEM对纳米粒的形态进行表征。应用荧光分光光度计评价载盐酸阿霉素（DOX）纳米粒的载药量、包封率及体外释放特征。结果 纳米粒分布均一,平均粒径为（425.4±31.1）nm,PDI为0.289,Zeta 电位为（-17.0±0.3）mV。药物的载药量为（13.06±0.51）%,包封率为（78.35±3.08）%。;体外释放结果显示,纳米粒具有一定的缓释作用。结论 GA-ALG-CaCO3 Nps作为新型的药物载体,具有良好的pH响应性,并能显著提高载药量,还具有明显的缓释效果,为新型的纳米给药系统的深入研究提供参考。     

Effect of chitosan salts and molecular weight on a nanoparticulate carrier for therapeutic protein

The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of chitosan salts as a carrier in the preparation of protein-loaded nanoparticles. Glutamic and aspartic acids were used to prepare chitosan salts of 35, 100, and 800 KDa. Nanoparticles of chitosan base, chitosan glutamate, and chitosan aspartate were produced by ionotropic gelation with sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP). Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was applied as a model protein at loading concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 2 mg/mL. The size of the nanoparticles, as measured by photon correlation spectroscopy, was in the range of 195 to 3450 nm, depending on type and molecular weight of chitosan. Nanoparticles prepared with higher molecular weight chitosan showed larger sizes. The encapsulation was controlled by the competition of BSA in forming ionic cross-linking with chitosan and by the entrapment of BSA during the gelation process. Higher BSA encapsulation efficiency (EE) was obtained for nanoparticles prepared with chitosan salts compared to those prepared with the base. The higher EE was a result of a higher degree of ionization, causing more active sites to interact with BSA. In addition, a higher and faster release of BSA from the nanoparticles into pH 7.4 buffer medium was observed for nanoparticles of the chitosan salts than was observed for nanoparticles of the chitosan base. The higher and faster release was attributed to higher EE and lower entrapment of BSA within the matrix of the nanoparticle during the gelation process. The influence of molecular weight on the property of nanoparticles exhibited different effects. The difference was a result of different organic acids used to prepare nanoparticles leading to the difference in polymer conformation and viscosity of organic acid solution. Therefore, this study showed that the characteristics of chitosan nanoparticles loaded with a protein drug could be readily modulated by changing the salt form or the molecular weight of the chitosan carrier.