内镜超声引导下细针抽吸术诊断消化道周围占位性病变的临床价值及影响因素研究

目的 探讨内镜超声引导下细针抽吸术（EUS-FNA）诊断消化道周围占位性病变的价值及其影响因素。 方法 回顾性分析2009年1月至2016年5月行EUS-FNA的171例患者的临床资料,纳入病灶部位、大小、性状,穿刺次数、穿刺时抽吸负压、穿刺针型号、医师操作经验等因素进行分析。 结果 EUS-FNA诊断消化道周围恶性占位性病变的敏感度、特异度和准确率分别为78.3％（83／106）、100.0％（65／65）、86.5％（148／171）。单因素logistic回归分析示,EUS-FNA诊断恶性占位性病变穿刺阳性率的影响因素有病灶部位、性状、大小。多因素logistic分析示,病灶大小（OR=1.029,95％CI：1.011～1.047,P=0.001）、病灶性状（实性及囊实性/囊性,OR=5.098,95％CI：1.324～19.633,P=0.018）是EUS-FNA诊断恶性占位性病变穿刺阳性率的独立影响因素。171例患者中,术后2例出现发热,1例出现急性胰腺炎,并发症发生率为1.75％（3／171）,经保守对症处理后均好转。 结论 EUS-FNA是一项安全有效、敏感度和准确率高的细胞组织病理诊断手段,在鉴别消化道周围良恶性占位性病变中起重要作用。EUS-FNA诊断恶性占位性病变穿刺阳性率与病灶大小呈正相关,诊断实性恶性占位性病变的穿刺阳性率显著高于囊性病变。     

内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗胃囊性异位胰腺一例

本文报告了1例胃窦囊性病变,症状表现为呕血和黑便。上消化道内镜和超声内镜提示胃窦处有一囊实性肿块。CT和超声内镜显示胃壁受累的局限性囊性肿块,无淋巴结肿大。应用内镜黏膜下剥离术彻底切除该肿块,组织病理学检查证实为胃窦处囊性异位胰腺。     

CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检对肺周围性病变的诊断价值

目的评价CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检对肺周围占位性病变的诊断价值。方法对39例肺周围性病变的患者行CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检。结果39例中恶性病变29例,良性病变9例,1例因取材少,无病理结果。结论CT引导下经皮肺活检对明确肺周围性病变的性质具有较高的临床实用价值。     

CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检诊断肺周围性病变的临床应用价值

目的探讨CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检诊断肺周围性病变的临床应用价值。方法选取2010年7月—2013年5月我院收治的疑似肺部周围性病变患者52例,均在CT引导下行经皮肺穿刺活检诊断,对患者临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 46例患者(88%)穿刺成功,6例患者(12%)穿刺失败;明确诊断恶性病变39例,良性病变7例;发生少量气胸5例,肺内出血8例,未见咯血。结论 CT引导下对肺周围性病变进行经皮肺穿刺活检对病变定性诊断有重要意义,是一种相对安全有效、准确性高的诊断方法,值得临床推广。     

胰腺实性假乳头状瘤螺旋CT表现与病理特征的对照研究

目的对照研究胰腺实性乳头状瘤(SPTP)的螺旋CT表现与病理特征,旨在提高该病的诊断准确率。方法选择2008年8月—2013年8月我院肿瘤科接收诊治并经临床病理证实的SPTP患者20例,将其病理资料与螺旋CT表现进行对照分析。结果螺旋CT表现:肿瘤多呈圆形或类圆形,其中有2例患者还见浅分叶;3例患者出现可见的钙化灶;肿瘤为囊实性混合者15例,其中囊性为主者6例、实性为主者9例,1例患者呈现实性改变且实性部位位于肿块周围。2例患者囊变区域可见絮状的高密度阴影,16例患者可见薄膜且有2例患者包膜不完整,5例患者可见腹壁结节。肿块周围结构无明显受侵现象,边界清晰、靠近脾脏血管被推压移位。所有患者均未见肿大的淋巴结。结论SPTP的螺旋CT表现与病理特征较大程度上相符,且能够对实质部位、囊变部位、纤维包膜及钙化做出良好判断。     

肝脏肿瘤囊实性病变的CT及MR特点分析

目的：探讨肝脏肿瘤囊实性病变的影像学特点,为其诊断及鉴别诊断提供依据。方法分析49例肝脏肿瘤（原发性肝细胞癌26例,肝内胆管癌3例,肝脏恶性纤维组织细胞瘤2例,炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤2例,肝脏囊腺瘤1例,肝脏转移瘤15例）患者的CT和MR影像学表现,总结其特点。结果肝细胞癌囊变区CT主要表现为形态不规则水样低密度,MR主要表现不规则长T1长T2混杂信号;CT及MR增强检查实性区具有“快进快出”强化特点。肝内胆管细胞癌CT表现为肿瘤中心部分不规则低密度囊变区,肿瘤周围可见迂曲扩张的胆管,MR表现为囊变区呈不规则长T1长T2混杂信号;CT及MR增强检查实性区均可见延时强化。肝脏恶性纤维组织细胞瘤CT表现为花环状或中心囊变。炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤CT表现为分隔状囊变,囊壁及分隔厚薄不均。肝脏胆管囊腺瘤CT表现为分隔状囊实性肿块,其内见壁结节。肝转移瘤表现为肝内多发病灶,具有边缘环形强化特点。结论 CT和MR为诊断肝脏肿瘤囊实性病变的较好方法。     

超声内镜引导下细针穿刺诊治胰腺囊性病变

不同性质的胰腺囊性病变治疗手段截然不同,如何正确区分非瘤性和瘤性病变是临床医师的工作重点.腹部B超、CT及MRI是诊断胰腺囊性病变的传统有效的手段,但易受腹壁脂肪、肠腔气体等因素影响（尤其是体表超声）,往往不能准确判断病变性质,诊断价值有限.EUS能清楚地显示胰腺囊性病变,对胰腺囊肿周围组织的胰腺实质及胰管也有很好的分辨率,EUS引导下的细针穿刺活检术（EUS-FNA）还能抽吸囊液作相关分析明确病变性质,并且对胰腺囊性病变的治疗上也有重要价值.现将我院应用EUS-FNA诊治的胰腺囊性病变报道如下.     

胰腺囊性及囊实性病变应用超声诊断的临床分析

目的分析并研究超声诊断在胰腺囊性及囊实性病变中的临床应用价值。方法随机选择2015年1月—2016年12月期间陕西省西安市第八医院收治的40例胰腺囊性及囊实性病变患者为研究对象,所有患者的病症经手术病理证实,记录比较不同病变下患者的超声诊断结果。结果本研究中,出现胰腺囊腺瘤及囊腺癌患者12例,患者的超声影像图主要表现为境界清洗的囊实性包块,或者呈现囊实混合性结构,其实质部分质地较为疏松,显示为"豆腐渣"样的改变。出现胰腺癌患者共10例,其超声诊断结果主要表现为实质低回声为主的不规则肿块,其内回声不均匀,存在小片状液性暗区。出现胰腺单纯性囊肿患者1例,其超声影像诊断结果表现为存在边界清晰的囊状暗区,壁光整,暗区较为清晰,无明显分隔。出现胰岛细胞瘤患者1例,经超声诊断,其表现为囊实性混合包块,边界较为清晰,内部有不规则液性暗区及较多的中低光点,有明显的分隔光带。共出现胰腺假性囊肿16例,主要表现为大小不一的囊实性包块,部分显示为囊实混合结构,部分包块暗区较为清晰,部分包块中存在内回声混杂。结论临床诊断中,应用超声进行胰腺囊性及囊实性病变的诊断具有较高的额应用价值,值得推广应用。     

CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检对肺周围性病变诊断价值

目的探讨CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检对肺部周围性病变诊断价值。方法 83例患者行气管镜和CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检,进行病理分析。结果 83例患者经气管镜检查获取病理或病原学共11例(13.25%)。CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检病理:肿瘤性病变共44例(53.01%),非肿瘤性病变19例(22.89%),病理描述18例(21.69%),无意义描述2例(2.41%)。结论对于肺部周围性病变,CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检作为一项简单、微创、并发症低一项检查可大大提高诊断率,并可发现少见性疾病。     

CT引导下经皮肺活检40例临床分析

目的探讨CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检对肺部周围性病变的诊断价值及安全性。方法 40例肺部周围性病变患者行CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检术。结果 40例病例中38例得到明确诊断,其中恶性病变25例,良性病变13例,穿刺活检确诊率95%。仅1例出现轻微并发症。结论 CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检是一种诊断准确性高,安全的检查方法 。     

超声内镜引导下细针穿刺在消化系占位性病变诊断中的价值

目的 探讨超声内镜引导下的细针穿刺检查(EUS-FNA)在消化系占位性病变诊断中的价值.方法 2007年5月-2008年12月对68例患者行超声内镜检查及超声内镜引导下的细针穿刺检查,对比细胞学和(或)病理学检查结果与术后病理结果及随访结果.结果 EUS-FNA细胞取材成功率91.18%(62/68).其中病灶位于食管4例(6.45%,4/62),胃19例(30.65%,19/62),直肠19例(30.65%,19/62),肝脏3例(4.84%,3/62),纵隔4例(6.45%,4/62),淋巴结13例(20.97%,13/62).40例患者细胞学检查结果阳性,阳性率为64.52%(40/62).22例患者获得组织碎片或细条行病理学检查,组织获得率为35.48%(22/62),其中10例病理学检查结果阳性,阳性率为45.45%(10/22).与术后病理结果及长期随访结果对照,EUS-FNA对消化系占位性病变诊断的准确率为85.48%.敏感度为90.91%,特异度为100.00%,阴性预测值为57.14%,阳性预测值为100.00%.结论 在消化系占位性病变诊断中,EUS-FNA是一项安全、有效、准确的诊断及鉴别诊断方法,在细胞学诊断中具有重要临床价值.     

Comparison of cytological and histological preparations in the diagnosis of pancreatic malignancies using endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration

BACKGROUND:Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration(EUS-FNA) has become a crucial diagnostic technique for pancreatic malignancies.The specimen obtained by EUS-FNA can be prepared for either cytological or histological examinations.This study was to compare diagnostic performance of cytological and histological preparations using EUSFNA in the same lesions when pancreatic malignancies were suspected.METHODS:One hundred and eighteen patients who underwent EUS-FNA for suspected pancreatic malignancies were consecutively enrolled.All procedures were conducted by a single echoendoscopist under the same conditions.Four adequate preparations were obtained by 22-gauge needles with 20 to-and-fro movements for each pass.The 4 preparations included 2 cytological and 2 histological specimens.The pathologic reviews of all specimens were conducted independently by a single experienced cytopathologist.Sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of the 2 preparations were compared.RESULTS:The enrolled patients consisted of 62 males(52.5%),with the mean age of 64.6±10.5 years.Surgery was performed in 23(19.5%) patients.One hundred and sixteen(98.3%) lesions were classified as malignant,while 2(1.7%) were benign.Sensitivity of cytology and histology were 87.9% and 81.9%,respectively,with no significant difference(P=0.190).Accuracy was also not significantly different.Cytological preparation was more sensitive when the size of lesion was 3 cm(86.7% vs 68.9%,P=0.033).CONCLUSIONS:Our results suggested that the diagnostic performances of cytological and histological preparations are not significantly different for the diagnosis of pancreatic malignancies.However,cytological preparation might be more sensitive for pancreatic lesions 3 cm.     

不用针芯的超声内镜引导下细针穿刺活检的临床研究

目的 探讨超声内镜引导下细针穿刺活检(EUS-FNA)过程中不用针芯是否对病理学结果有影响.方法 将病例前瞻性随机分为用针芯组和不用针芯组,比较穿刺物切片能否作免疫组化、病理学确诊的比例以及穿刺过程所用时间等.然后全部不用针芯作EUS-FNA,判断其有效性.结果 随机对照研究中共97例患者116处病灶接受了EUS-FN...     

Mediastinal lymphadenopathy in patients with or without previous malignancy: EUS-FNA-based differential cytodiagnosis in 153 patients

OBJECTIVE: Mediastinal lymphadenopathy (ML) is a cause for concern, especially in patients with previous malignancy. The investigation of choice is thoracic CT with a variable sensitivity and specificity requiring tissue diagnosis. We used endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) for cytodiagnosis of ML in patients with and without previous malignancy. The cause, distribution of lesions, and incidence of second cancers were investigated. METHODS: Linear echoendoscopes and 22-gauge needles for cytology were used for EUS-FNA. A cytological diagnosis of malignancy was accepted, and histology or consistent follow-up of at least 9 months confirmed benign results. RESULTS: One hundred fifty-three patients underwent EUS-FNA between November 1997 and November 1999 (mean age, 60 yr; range, 13-82 yr; 105 men). Cytology was adequate in 150 patients. Final diagnosis was malignancy in 84 and benign in 66 patients (sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy: 92%, 100%, 95%, respectively). In 101 patients without previous cancer cytology identified 48 malignant (lung, 41; extrathoracic, 7) and 51 benign lesions (inflammation, 35; various, 9; sarcoidosis, 7) (sensitivity, specificity, accuracy: 88%, 100%, 94%). Fifty-two patients had prior malignancy, mostly in extrathoracic sites. Cytology revealed recurrences in 21 patients, second cancer in 9 and benign lesions in 21 patients (inflammatory, 11; sarcoidosis, 8; tuberculosis, 1; abscess, 1) (sensitivity, specificity, accuracy: 97%, 100%, 98%). CONCLUSIONS: In patients without previous cancer malignant ML originates from the lung >80%. In those with previous malignancy recurrence of extrathoracic sites is the major cause. Benign lesions and treatable second cancers occur in a significant frequency, emphasizing the need for tissue diagnosis. EUS-FNA is a safe and minimally invasive alternative for cytodiagnosis in the mediastinum.     

Rendimiento diagnóstico de la punción mediante ultrasonografía endoscópica de las lesiones quísticas del páncreas

IntroductionDespite advances in imaging techniques, in many cases they are insufficient to establish the diagnosis of pancreatic cystic lesions (PCL). There are few publications in our setting that evaluate the combination of several methods obtained by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA). The aim of the study was to evaluate the overall utility of EUS-FNA in the diagnosis of PCL.Material and methodsRetrospective study based on a database updated prospectively of a cohort of patients referred for EUS-FNA due to PCL detected in an imaging test. The sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic yield of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cytology and viscosity were studied to detect mucinous lesions.ResultsFrom November 2013 to April 2018, 122 EUS were performed for PCL. EUS-FNA was performed in 94/122 (77%) and 21/122 (17.2%) patients were operated on. We included 33/122 patients who had diagnostic confirmation by histology, imaging (serous cyst with typical pattern) or clinical evolution. The study of the ROC curve determined the cutoff point ≥419 ng/ml to differentiate mucinous/non-mucinous cystic lesions. The diagnostic yield of CEA was 87.5% (21/24), cytology 81.8% (27/33) and viscosity 84.4% (27/32). The three parameters in combination obtained the best result (30/33, 90.9%).ConclusionThe combination of CEA analysis, cytology and viscosity of pancreatic fluid obtained by EUS-FNA increases the performance in the diagnosis of mucinous pancreatic cystic lesions, with it being greater than 90%.     

内镜超声引导下细针穿刺抽吸术对胰腺占位病变诊断价值及其影响因素的研究

目的探讨内镜超声引导下细针穿刺抽吸术（EUS—FNA）对胰腺占位病变的诊断价值及影响其准确率的相关因素。方法回顾性统计101例因胰腺占位病变行EUS—FNA患者的临床资料,纳入患者性别、年龄、病灶部位、大小、性状、穿刺时抽吸负压、穿刺次数、实时细胞学诊断、超声内镜类型、操作医师经验等10个因素进行分析。结果EUS-FNA总体诊断准确率为85．1％,敏感度为81．1％,特异度为96．3％,阳性预测值为98．4％,阴性预测值为65．0％。单因素Logistic回归分析示,EUS-FNA穿刺阳性率的相关影响因素有病灶大小、病灶性状、抽吸负压、操作医师经验（P〈0．05）,EUS-FNA诊断准确率的相关影响因素只有病灶大小（OR=1．984,95％CI：1．141—3．451,P=0．015）,病灶每增大1cm,其穿刺阳性的概率增加1．67倍,其穿刺诊断准确的概率增加1．83倍。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,EUS．FNA穿刺阳性率的独立影响因素有病灶大小（OR=2．012,95％CI：1．394—2．906,P=0．000）和病灶性状（OR=10．218,95％CI：2．432～42．937,P=0．002）,实性病灶穿刺阳性的概率为囊性病灶的10．2倍;EUS—FNA诊断准确率的独立影响因素为病灶大小（OR=1．984,95％CI：1．141—3．451,P=0．015）。结论EUS．FNA是一项安全有效、特异度高的诊断手段,在胰腺占位病灶的病理诊断中具有重要临床价值。EUS-FNA穿刺阳性率及诊断准确率均与胰腺病灶大小呈显著正相关。胰腺实性病灶的穿刺阳性率显著高于囊性病灶。     

Diagnosing sarcoidosis using endosonography-guided fine-needle aspiration

STUDY OBJECTIVES: The ability to diagnose sarcoidosis cytologically has been reported previously, but the method is rarely used. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is a sensitive technique for detecting mediastinal lymph nodes, which in addition provides an opportunity to carry out guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology. We report herein on the use of EUS-FNA in the diagnosis of sarcoidosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Nineteen patients with suspected sarcoidosis were investigated using EUS-FNA with a linear echoendoscope and a 22-gauge Hancke-Vilman needle. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: In all 19 patients, EUS revealed enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes (mean size, 2.4 cm), located subcarinally (n = 15), in the aortopulmonary window (n = 12), or in the lower posterior mediastinum (n = 5). The nodes had an isoechoic or hypoechoic appearance, with atypical vessels in five cases. The amount of aspirate obtained using EUS-FNA was adequate in all patients, and contained blood in excess of normal in some, indicating a high degree of vascularity. Cytology demonstrated epithelioid cell granuloma formation, suggesting sarcoidosis. Mycobacterial cultures were negative in all of the patients except one, in whom the final diagnosis was tuberculosis. The specificity and sensitivity of EUS-FNA in the diagnosis of sarcoidosis were 94% and 100%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: EUS of mediastinal lymph nodes in sarcoidosis reveals certain characteristic features. However, it is not capable of differentiating the lesions from tuberculosis or malignancy. EUS-FNA is a safe and sensitive method of aspirating material for cytology and mycobacterial cultures. We believe it will provide a useful alternative in the diagnosis of sarcoidosis.     

The utility and the safety of EUS-guided FNA in the evaluation of duplication cysts

BACKGROUND: Diagnosis of a foregut duplication cyst is of great clinical impact. A definitive diagnosis of a foregut duplication cyst can avert the need for major thoracic surgery in the otherwise asymptomatic individual. This study sought to evaluate the safety and the utility of EUS and EUS-guided FNA (EUS-FNA) in the diagnosis of foregut duplication cysts. METHODS: Over a period of 4 years, 4771 patients underwent EUS for various indications at two EUS referral centers. EUS findings were consistent with a mediastinal cyst in 30 cases. EUS-FNA was performed in 22 patients. A definitive diagnosis was established based on cytology, surgical pathology, and/or clinical follow-up. FNA was done with 22-gauge needles and antibiotic prophylaxis. RESULTS: The appearance of cyst contents on EUS ranged from completely anechoic (23 cases) to hypoechoic (7 cases). Hypoechoic cystic lesions contained echogenic foci. All anechoic lesions were confirmed as benign duplication cysts based on cytology, pathology, and clinical follow-up. Hypoechoic cystic lesions were confirmed to be benign duplication cysts in 4 cases. Three cases proved to be malignant or granulomatous necrotizing lymph nodes. No periprocedural complications occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Variation exists in the EUS appearance of benign mediastinal cysts. EUS-FNA of mediastinal cysts with smaller-gauge needles, and antibiotic prophylaxis appears safe and can provide a definitive diagnosis in atypical mediastinal cystic lesions.     

Histology Combined with Cytology by Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration for the Diagnosis of Solid Pancreatic Mass and Intra-Abdominal Lymphadenopathy

Background/Aims

Small core biopsy samples can occasionally be obtained with conventional endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA). Although most studies have focused on the cytological analysis of specimens, data regarding histological assessment is scarce. The aim of this study was to determine whether core biopsies by conventional EUS-FNA could increase the accuracy of EUS-guided sampling when combined with cytology in the absence of an on-site cytopathologist.

Methods

In the 95 consecutive patients (98 lesions) undergoing EUS-FNA of solid pancreatic masses and intra-abdominal lymphadenopathy, tissue coils from the needle were harvested for histology, and residual tissue was examined by cytology.

Results

Adequate samples were obtained by EUS-FNA cytology, histology, and combined cytology-histology in 91.8%, 65.3%, and 94.8% of patients, respectively. From the pancreas (n=67), adequate samples for histology were obtained by EUS-FNA in 68.7% of cases, compared with 58.0% from non-pancreatic cases (n=31), respectively (p>0.05). The overall sensitivity and accuracy of EUS-FNA was 78.0% and 81.6% for cytology alone, 63.4% and 69.4% for histology alone, and 84.1% and 86.7% for combined cytology-histology, respectively.

Conclusions

Combined cytology and histology analysis for diagnosing pancreatic masses and intra-abdominal lymphadenopathy may increase the diagnostic yield of conventional EUS-FNA without on-site cytology.     

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration for suspected malignancies adjacent to the gastrointestinal tract

AIM: To investigate the impact of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) in association with a multidisciplinary team evaluation for the detection of gastrointestinal malignancies.METHODS: A cohort of 1019 patients with suspected malignant lesions adjacent to the gastrointestinal tract received EUS-FNA after a standardized multidisciplinary team evaluation (MTE) and were divided into 4 groups according to their specific malignant risk score (MRS). Patients with a MRS of 0 (without detectable risk of malignancy) received only EUS without FNA. For patients with a MRS score ranging from 1 (low risk) - through 2 (intermediate risk) - to 3 (high risk), EUS-FNA cytology of the lesion was planned for a different time and was prioritized for those patients at higher risk for cancer. The accuracy, efficiency and quality assessment for the early detection of patients with potentially curable malignant lesions were evaluated for the whole cohort and in the different classes of MRSs. The time to definitive cytological diagnosis (TDCD), accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and the rate of inconclusive tests were calculated for all patients and for each MRS group.RESULTS: A total of 1019 patients with suspected malignant lesions were evaluated by EUS-FNA. In 515 patients of 616 with true malignant lesions the tumor was diagnosed by EUS-FNA; 421 patients with resectable lesions received early surgical treatment, and 94 patients received chemo-radiotherapy. The overall diagnostic accuracy for the 1019 lesions in which a final diagnosis was obtained by EUS-FNA was 0.95. When patients were stratified by MTE into 4 classes of MRSs, a higher rate of patients in the group with higher cancer risk (MRS-3) received early treatment and EUS-FNA showed the highest level of accuracy (1.0). TDCD was also shorter in the MRS-3 group. The number of patients who received surgical treatment or chemo-radiotherapy was significantly higher in the MRS-3 patient group (36.3% in MRS-3, 10.7% in MRS-2, and 3.5% in MRS-1).CONCLUSION: EUS-FNA can effectively detect a curable malignant lesions at an earlier time and at a higher rate in patients with a higher cancer risk that were evaluated using MTE.