乙型肝炎患者凝血功能与胱抑素C 联合检测的临床意义

目的:探讨乙型肝炎患者凝血功能与血清胱抑素C联合检测的临床诊断价值。方法:收集260例乙型肝炎患者为实验组及健康者70例为对照组,采用全自动凝血分析仪进行活化部分凝血酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)的测定,采用全自动生化分析仪进行血清胱抑素C、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、血清γ谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)的检测。结果:除急性肝炎组外,其他各组乙型肝炎患者的APTT、PT值均高于对照组(P<0.05)。重型肝炎和肝炎肝硬化组FIB值均低于对照组(P<0.05);对于血清胱抑素C水平,除急性肝炎组外,其他各组值均明显高于健康对照组(P<0.05),且肝炎肝硬化组依次高于重型肝炎组和慢性肝炎组。各实验组ALT和AST水平均明显高于对照组(P<0.05),而对于GGT水平,重型肝炎组和肝炎肝硬化组明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:联合检测APTT、PT、FIB凝血功能指标与血清胱抑素C水平,对临床判断乙型肝炎患者病变程度及预后具有重要意义。     

干扰素γ和白介素10在慢性乙型重型肝炎中的变化

目的：探讨INF-γ和IL-10在慢性乙型重型肝炎中的作用。方法：搜集不同患者血样,提取血清,使用ELISA方法检测不同患者不同时期的血清INF-γ和IL-10水平,并进行相关统计。结果：本研究发现,和其它肝炎对照组及健康对照组相比,慢性乙型重型肝炎患者的血清INF-γ水平显著升高,IL-10水平显著降低。尽管在不同预后的患者中,INF-γ水平差异并不明显,但是随着治疗生效,INF-γ水平会出现明显的下降。结论：慢性乙型重型肝炎和其它慢性肝炎相比,INF-γ和IL-10表达存在着差异,而且INF-γ可能是一种比较有效的监控慢性重型肝炎病程以及疗效的指标。     

慢性重型肝炎患者血浆D-二聚体和纤维蛋白原水平的变化

目的:分析慢性重型肝炎患者血浆D-二聚体和纤维蛋白原水平的变化及其临床意义.方法:应用乳胶比浊法及凝固法分别测定血浆D-二聚体和纤维蛋白原的水平,其中慢性重型肝炎患者40例,慢性肝炎患者28例作为对照组.结果:慢性重型肝炎患者血浆D-二聚体及纤维蛋白原检测异常率分别为62.5％(25/40)、92.5％(37/40),明显高于慢性肝炎组0％(0/28)、28.6％(8/28).慢性重型肝炎患者血浆D-二聚体及纤维蛋白原检测水平分别为3.45± 1.90 μg/mL、1.36± 0.49 g/L,慢性肝炎组患者血浆D-二聚体及纤维蛋白原检测水平分别0.91± 0.47 μg/mL、2.53± 1.02 g/L,组间比较差异有统计学意义.慢性重型肝炎组患者27例死亡,13例好转出院,死亡组患者血浆D-二聚体异常率74.1％ (20/27),检测水平为3.92± 1.76μg/mL,纤维蛋白原异常率100％(27/27),检测水平为1.17± 0.4 g/L;好转组患者血浆D-二聚体异常率38.5％(5/13),检测水平为2.48± 1.88 μg/mL,纤维蛋白原异常率为76.9％(10/13),检测水平为1.74± 0.44 g/L,差别有统计学意义.结论:慢性重型肝炎患者血浆D-二聚体水平明显增高,纤维蛋白原明显下降,并与患者的病情严重程度及预后相关,检测血浆D-二聚体和纤维蛋白原水平可以作为慢性重型肝炎患者病情轻重及预后判断的临床指标.     

血小板参数、hs—CRP与免疫球蛋白联合检测对肝炎患者的临床意义

目的：探讨和研究血小板参数、超敏C 反应蛋白（hs-CRP）与免疫球蛋白联合检测对肝炎患者的临床意义,为临床中肝炎患者的诊治提供参考。方法：收集各种病毒性肝炎患者共156 例（急性肝炎组48 例、慢性肝炎组56 例、重型肝炎组24 例和肝硬化组28 例）,选择40 例健康体检者作为对照组,对5 组研究对象的血小板参数（（血小板计数（PLT）、平均血小板体积（MPC）、血小板压积（PCT）和血小板分布宽度（PDW））、血清超敏C 反应蛋白和免疫球蛋白（IgA、IgG 和IgM）水平进行检测和测定,并对这些指标的变化进行对比分析。结果：除重型肝炎组与肝硬化组的血小板计数（PLT）,慢性肝炎组与重型肝炎组的PCT,急性肝炎组、肝硬化组与对照组3 组间的PDW 的差异无统计学意义外,任意两组之间的差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;各组肝炎患者的hs-CRP 均比健康对照组显著升高（P〈0.01）,且免疫球蛋白也较对照组差异有统计学意义。结论：肝炎患者的血小板参数、超敏C 反应蛋白（hs-CRP）与免疫球蛋白水平可以提示肝炎病情的变化,三者的联合检测为指导肝炎患者的判断、治疗方案的选择和疗效评定提供有一定的参考依据。     

血小板参数、hs-CRP与免疫球蛋白联合检测对肝炎患者的临床意义

目的:探讨和研究血小板参数、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)与免疫球蛋白联合检测对肝炎患者的临床意义,为临床中肝炎患者的诊治提供参考。方法:收集各种病毒性肝炎患者共156例(急性肝炎组48例、慢性肝炎组56例、重型肝炎组24例和肝硬化组28例),选择40例健康体检者作为对照组,对5组研究对象的血小板参数((血小板计数(PLT)、平均血小板体积(MPC)、血小板压积(PCT)和血小板分布宽度(PDW))、血清超敏C反应蛋白和免疫球蛋白(IgA、IgG和IgM)水平进行检测和测定,并对这些指标的变化进行对比分析。结果:除重型肝炎组与肝硬化组的血小板计数(PLT),慢性肝炎组与重型肝炎组的PCT,急性肝炎组、肝硬化组与对照组3组间的PDW的差异无统计学意义外,任意两组之间的差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);各组肝炎患者的hs-CRP均比健康对照组显著升高(P0.01),且免疫球蛋白也较对照组差异有统计学意义。结论:肝炎患者的血小板参数、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)与免疫球蛋白水平可以提示肝炎病情的变化,三者的联合检测为指导肝炎患者的判断、治疗方案的选择和疗效评定提供有一定的参考依据。     

干扰素γ和白介素10 在慢性乙型重型肝炎中的变化

目的:探讨INF-γ和IL-10在慢性乙型重型肝炎中的作用。方法:搜集不同患者血样,提取血清,使用ELISA方法检测不同患者不同时期的血清INF-γ和IL-10水平,并进行相关统计。结果:本研究发现,和其它肝炎对照组及健康对照组相比,慢性乙型重型肝炎患者的血清INF-γ水平显著升高,IL-10水平显著降低。尽管在不同预后的患者中,INF-γ水平差异并不明显,但是随着治疗生效,INF-γ水平会出现明显的下降。结论:慢性乙型重型肝炎和其它慢性肝炎相比,INF-γ和IL-10表达存在着差异,而且INF-γ可能是一种比较有效的监控慢性重型肝炎病程以及疗效的指标。     

住院期间老年2型糖尿病患者低血糖原因分析及对策

目的:探讨住院期间老年2型糖尿病患者发生低血糖的原因及相关对策。方法:选择2012年12月~2013年12月住院治疗的老年2型糖尿病患者150例。根据是否发生低血糖将其分为未发生低血糖组80例(对照组)和发生低血糖组70例(研究组)。对两组患者的临床数据资料进行统计学比较。结果:1研究组患者的平均年龄、病程、体重指数、住院天数和对照组患者比较差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05);2研究组患者血肌酐(Cr)水平和尿微量清蛋白定量(UMA)均显著高于对照组患者(P0.05);3低血糖在夜间02:00~05:59发生的频率明显较高;4研究组二甲双胍的应用比例明显低于对照组(P0.05),胰岛素的使用率和OAD+胰岛素联合应用的情况明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:老年2型糖尿病患者病程长、BMI低;血肌酐(Cr)水平和尿微量清蛋白定量(UMA)高;胰岛素的使用率及胰岛素联用OAD应用率高均会增加低血糖的发生风险。老年2型糖尿病患者应注意饮食治疗、运动治疗、药物治疗、血糖监测以及心理护理和健康指导。医护人员需为患者制定个体化的血糖控制目标,将老年2型糖尿病患者的血糖控制在适当水平。     

急性心肌梗死后血糖变化对预后的影响研究

目的：探讨急性心肌梗死后血糖变化对患者预后的影响。方法：对314例急性心肌梗死患者于入院后第2日早晨测空腹血糖值后,并进行回顾性对比分析。结果：随着血糖水平的逐渐升高,心力衰竭及心源性休克的发生率和病死率逐渐升高（P〈0.05）,严重心律失常的发生率逐渐升高,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：急性心肌梗死患者伴应激性血糖升高者,随着血糖水平升高,其心力衰竭及心源性休克的发生率和病死率升高。血糖正常组预后明显好于血糖升高组。     

应激性高血糖与急性自发性脑出血患者术后并发症和早期预后的相关性研究

目的:探讨应激性高血糖与自发性脑出血患者术后并发症及早期预后的关系。方法:回顾性分析我院收治的自发性脑出血患者358例,根据入院时血糖水平、糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)及既往有无糖尿病史分为血糖正常组(96例)、应激性高血糖组(107例)及糖尿病组(155例),记录和比较各组入院时的血糖、格拉斯哥昏迷评分(GCS)、平均出血量及入院后30 d时各组的术后并发症发生情况、格拉斯哥预后评分(GOS)的差异。结果:糖尿病组入院时血糖水平、平均出血量、重型患者所占比率、脑出血破入脑室、颅内再出血、颅内感染、肺部感染、尿路感染及上消化道出血发生率、GOS分级植物状态或死亡发生率均明显高于应激性高血糖组(P0.05),GOS分级良好率低于应激性高血糖组(P0.05);而应激性高血糖组入院时血糖水平、平均出血量、重型患者所占比率、脑出血破入脑室、颅内再出血发生率、GOS分级植物状态或死亡发生率均明显高于血糖正常组(P0.05)。结论:自发性脑出血患者入院时应激性高血糖与患者的病情显著相关,可加重急性脑出血的不良预后。     

米格列奈与瑞格列奈分别联合二甲双胍在新诊断2型糖尿病的临床价值比较

目的：探讨米格列奈和瑞格列奈在治疗新诊断2型糖尿病的临床价值比较。方法：将2010年1月至2012年12月间我院新诊断的120例2型糖尿病患者随机分为A、B两组,其中A组患者60例,采用瑞格列奈联合二甲双胍进行治疗,B组患者60例,采用米格列奈联合二甲双胍进行治疗。对两组患者血糖水平及12周后相应指标进行统计分析。结果：治疗3天后两组患者的空腹血糖及餐后血糖水平明显低于治疗前,B组患者血糖降低幅度大于A组（P〈0．05）;治疗12周后,两组空腹血糖及餐后血糖水平显著减小,B组减小程度高于A组;患者空腹及餐后胰岛素水平有一定的增加,B组增加程度高于A组;B组患者HbAlc的降低程度高于A组;两组同时还可以降低HOMA胰岛素的抵抗指数以及增大胰岛素的敏感指数,其中B组效果好于A组;B组患者出现低血糖的人次少于A组。结论：米格列奈与瑞格列奈分别联合二甲双胍可以短期降低新诊断2型糖尿病患者的血糖水平,在中期治疗后米格列奈联合二甲双胍可以更有效的改善患者糖尿病的各项指标。     

Carbohydrate intolerance in gonadal dysgenesis: evidence for insulin resistance and hyperglucagonemia

To determine the pathogenesis of carbohydrate intolerance associated with gonadal dysgenesis, plasma glucose, insulin, glucagon, and growth hormone responses to oral glucose and intravenous tolbutamide, arginine and insulin were evaluated in 21 nonobese patients, 7-19 years old. Glucose intolerance was present in 9 of 21 nonobese patients (42.8%). Insulin levels, the area under the insulin curve after oral glucose and intravenous tolbutamide and the insulin to glucose ratio were significantly greater in patients than in controls (p less than 0.005). The decrease in plasma glucose following intravenous tolbutamide was significantly less in patients than in controls (p less than 0.05) despite insulin levels which were greater than in controls (p less than 0.05). After intravenous insulin, plasma glucose fell significantly less in patients than in controls (p less than 0.01). Plasma glucagon levels and the area under the glucagon curve after oral glucose and arginine infusion were significantly greater in patients than in controls (p less than 0.005 and p less than 0.01, respectively). The increase in glucagon after insulin-induced hypoglycemia was significantly less in patients than in controls (p less than 0.025). Fasting and stimulated growth hormone levels and the mean 24-hour growth hormone concentration were similar in patients and controls. These results indicate that glucose intolerance occurs frequently in gonadal dysgenesis and is associated with normal or increased insulin secretory responses. These abnormalities are probably due to insulin resistance and hyperglucagonemia. The decrease in insulin action does not appear to result from excessive growth hormone secretion or treatment with anabolic steroids or estrogen-progesterone medications.     

Detection of hantaviral antibodies among patients with hepatitis of unknown etiology in Japan

Hantaviral antibodies were detected in the sera from patients with hepatic disease of unknown etiology in Japan by several different serological diagnostic methods. A total of 105 sera from diseased patients which were negative to A-G hepatitis virus infections in the Tokyo area were tested. Among them, 3 out of 73 sera from patients with chronic hepatic disease were positive to hantaviral antibody by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), indirect immunofluorescent antibody assay (IFA) and Western blot analysis (WB). Neutralizing antibody titers of the 3 sera to Seoul virus (SEO) were 4 to 8 times higher than those to Hantaan virus (HTN). However, all of the 32 sera from patients with acute hepatitis were negative for hantaviral antibody. Among the 60 patients with chronic hepatitis in Hokkaido which were serologically negative to B and C hepatitis virus infection, one was positive for hantaviral antibody by ELISA and WB. In contrast, the sera from healthy adults in Japan, 550 from the Honshu and Kyushu regions, and 1,000 from the Hokkaido region, were negative for hantavirus antibody. These results show that hantaviral antibodies are more frequently detected in patients with hepatic disease than in healthy adults. However, the observation that no positive sera were detected from patients with acute hepatitis implies that hantavirus might not be directly related to hepatitis.     

Short tertatolol treatment does not impair the hormone and metabolic responses to exercise and hypoglycemia in diabetics

Beta-blockers can precipitate hypoglycemia and mask its warning signs. Ten male insulin-dependent, otherwise healthy diabetic patients underwent two submaximal exercise tests and two insulin-induced hypoglycemic events (0.2 u/Kg short-acting insulin IV) after six days administration of placebo followed by tertatolol, a non selective beta-blocker (5 mg once daily). Tertatolol modified neither the exercise-induced changes in blood glucose, lactate and plasma unesterified fatty acid levels, nor those of counter regulatory hormones (glucagon, growth hormone, cortisol), while blood pressure, heart rate and plasma renin activity were significantly reduced, proving that tertatolol had actually been ingested, and was active. During the insulin-induced hypoglycemia, similarly tertatolol did not modify the course of the plasma fuels and hormones. Particularly, hypoglycemia was neither deeper nor more prolonged in the presence than in the absence of tertatolol. Warning symptoms were not affected except for palpitations which were not perceived. These results suggest that tertatolol did not precipitate hypoglycemia following exercise, and did not aggravate insulin-induced hypoglycemia in short term administration, and in otherwise healthy diabetic patients.     

Elevated plasma levels of pancreastatin (PST) in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)

Pancreastatin (PST) is known as the peptide which inhibits first phase of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Fasting plasma PST levels and responses of PST after oral glucose ingestion in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) were studied with human PST-specific radioimmunoassay. Fasting plasma PST in NIDDM patients was not different from healthy controls, although a slightly higher level of PST was observed in patients treated with sulfonylurea among NIDDM patients. No significant increase in plasma PST was observed after a glucose ingestion in healthy controls. In contrast, plasma PST levels in NIDDM patients rose significantly after glucose ingestion. These results suggest a possible pathophysiological role for PST in NIDDM.     

Insulin counter-regulation in multiple sclerosis

Fasting hypoglycemia is frequently observed in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (S.M.) showing orthostatic hypotension and defective thermoregulation, although they never complicate in hypoglycemic coma. The aim of this study was to evaluate glucose homeostasis in S.M. patients. Both insular and counter-insular regulating mechanisms were investigated by determination of glucose, insulin, C-peptide and cortisol plasmatic levels during OGTT, and subsequently by evaluating glucagon plasmatic levels after arginine administration (30 g., i.v.). Our results suggest that the increased susceptibility of S.M. patients to undergo fasting hypoglycemia could be related to some alterations in counter-insular mechanisms, generally included among neurovegetative modifications in S.M. patients and probably due to orthosympathetic function impairment.     

恩替卡韦联合血浆置换治疗慢性乙型重型肝炎的研究

目的初步探讨恩替卡韦联合血浆置换治疗慢性乙型重型肝炎患者的疗效。方法选取40例慢性乙型重型肝炎患者,在常规内科治疗及恩替卡韦0.5 mg/d抗病毒治疗基础上联合血浆置换治疗。同时选取38例慢重肝患者为对照组,给予常规内科治疗及恩替卡韦0.5 mg/d抗病毒治疗。比较2组患者在慢性乙型重型肝炎早、中和晚期存活率的差异。结果联合血浆置换组生存率为72.5%,而对照组生存率为50%(χ2=4.168,P=0.041)。其中,中期慢重肝患者联合血浆置换治疗,其生存率为72.2%,而对照组生存率为38.9%(χ2=4.050,P=0.044),早期和晚期慢重肝患者联合血浆置换治疗,其生存率与对照组比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论慢性乙型重型肝炎中期患者采用恩替卡韦联合血浆置换治疗能提高患者生存率。     

Impaired Postoperative Hyperglycemic Stress Response Associated with Increased Mortality in Patients in the Cardiothoracic Surgery Intensive Care Unit

ObjectiveTo describe the association of tight glycemic control with intensive insulin therapy and clinical outcome among patients in the cardiothoracic surgery intensive care unit.MethodsAll patients who underwent cardiothoracic surgery and were admitted to the cardiothoracic surgery intensive care unit between September 13, 2007, and November 1, 2007, were enrolled. Clinical and metabolic data were prospectively collected. All patients received intensive insulin therapy using a nurse-driven dynamic protocol targeting blood glucose values of 80 to 110 mg/dL. Four stages of critical illness were defined as follows: acute critical illness (intensive care unit days 0-2), prolonged acute critical illness (intensive care unit 3 or more days), chronic critical illnesss (tracheotomy performed), and recovery (liberated from ventilator).ResultsOne hundred fourteen patients were enrolled. Seventy-three (64%) recovered during acute critical illness, 26 (23%) recovered during prolonged acute critical illness, and 15 (13%) progressed to chronic critical illness. All 6 deaths were among patients in chronic critial illness. Admission blood glucose and average blood glucose values for the first 12 hours were lower in patients who developed chronic critical illness and died and were higher in patients who developed chronic critical illness and survived (P = .007 and P = .007, respectively). Severe hypoglycemia (blood glucose < 40 mg/dL) occurred once (0.03% of all measurements). Lower initial blood glucose values, which reflect an impaired stress response immediately after surgery, were associated with increased mortality, and a significant delay in achieving tight glycemic control with intensive insulin therapy was associated with prolonged intensive care unit course, but no increase in mortality.ConclusionThe study findings suggest that acute postoperative hyperglycemia and its prompt correction with intensive insulin therapy are associated with favorable outcomes in patients in the cardiothoracic surgery intensive care unit. (Endocr Pract. 2010;16:798-804)     

Plasma obestatin levels in men with chronic atrophic gastritis

Obestatin is a recently discovered active peptide isolated from the stomach. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the modification of plasma obestatin levels in men with chronic atrophic gastritis. Men older than 65 years undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were included. All patients with chronic atrophic gastritis underwent multiple biopsies. Fasting plasma obestatin and ghrelin levels were examined in 50 men with chronic atrophic gastritis and 50 healthy men. Plasma obestatin levels were significantly lower in patients with chronic atrophic gastritis than in healthy subjects. Plasma ghrelin levels and ghrelin to obestatin ratio was decreased in men with chronic atrophic gastritis. There was a significant relationship between atrophy and decreased obestatin. A negative correlation was found between circulating obestatin levels and body mass index (BMI) in healthy subjects, but not in patients with chronic atrophic gastritis. The data indicated that chronic atrophic gastritis influenced plasma obestatin levels as well as ghrelin to obestatin ratio in elderly men.     

Prevalence and determinants of diabetes mellitus among Iranian patients with chronic liver disease

BACKGROUND: Alterations in carbohydrate metabolism are frequently observed in cirrhosis. We conducted this study to define the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in Iranian patients with chronic liver disease (CLD), and explore the factors associated with DM in these patients. METHODS: One hundred and eighty-five patients with CLD were enrolled into the study. Fasting plasma glucose and two-hour plasma glucose were measured in patients' sera. DM and IGT were diagnosed according to the latest American Diabetes Association criteria. RESULTS: The subjects included 42 inactive HBV carriers with a mean age of 42.2 +/- 12.0 years, 102 patients with HBV or HCV chronic hepatitis with a mean age of 41.2 +/- 10.9 years, and 41 cirrhotic patients with a mean age of 52.1 +/- 11.4 years. DM and IGT were diagnosed in 40 (21.6%) and 21 (11.4%) patients, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that age (P = 0.000), CLD status (P = 0.000), history of hypertension (P = 0.007), family history of DM (P = 0.000), and body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.009) were associated with DM. Using Multivariate analysis, age (OR = 4.7, 95%CI: 1.8-12.2), family history of DM (OR = 6.6, 95%CI: 2.6-17.6), chronic hepatitis (OR = 11.6, 95%CI: 2.9-45.4), and cirrhosis (OR = 6.5, 95%CI: 2.4-17.4) remained as the factors independently associated with DM. When patients with cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis were analyzed separately, higher Child-Pugh's score in cirrhotic patients (OR = 9.6, 95%CI: 1.0-88.4) and older age (OR = 7.2, 95%CI: 1.0-49.1), higher fibrosis score (OR = 59.5, 95%CI: 2.9-1211.3/ OR = 11.9, 95%CI: 1.0-132.2), and higher BMI (OR = 30.3, 95%CI: 3.0-306.7) in patients with chronic hepatitis were found to be associated with higher prevalence of DM. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that patients with cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis are at the increased risk of DM occurrence. Older age, severe liver disease, and obesity were associated with DM in these patients.