中空纤维膜过滤法高密度培养凝结芽孢杆菌TQ33

利用中空纤维超滤装置进行TQ3 3高密度培养 ,确定了采用过滤法进行高密度培养的工艺流程和参数。在对数后期 ,当乳酸质量浓度达到 15g/L时 ,开始过滤培养。过滤培养阶段持续 6h ,培养过程中平均过滤速率和培养基的流入速率为 1L/h ,平均稀释率为 0 4/h。对通过试验所确定的工艺进行高密度培养 ,最终菌体和芽孢浓度分别达到 1 6× 10 10 cfu/mL和 1 2× 10 10 cfu/mL ,是分批培养的 2 1倍和 3 7倍     

酒类酒球菌SD-2a高密度培养的研究

对酒类酒球菌SD-2a液体培养条件和半连续高密度培养进行了研究,研究结果表明,酒类酒球菌SD-2a的适宜培养条件为:培养温度25℃,接种量5%,pH值4.8.在培养过程中,每4 h添加一次CaCO3溶液,调整pH值至最适值.并结合优化培养条件,对酒类酒球菌SD-2a进行半连续法高密度培养,使其菌体密度达到了6.5×1010 cfu/mL,比二次培养前提高了近10倍.     

利用乳清为主要原料高密度培养干酪乳杆菌

利用乳清为原料高密度培养干酪乳杆菌(Lactobacillus casei STL3102),用于生产浓缩发酵剂.在5L发酵罐研究了pH控制和补料培养条件,结果表明,加碱控制pH对菌体生长有利,控制pH为6.0时的菌体干重最高.不同碱液对菌体的生长有显著影响,流加NH3·H2O菌体的产量较高,24h时菌体干重达3.74g/L.在流加NH3·H2O,控制pH6.0条件下,对菌体补料发酵进行了研究.采用30g/L为初始乳清浓度,发酵16h以1.0mL/min恒速补料,发酵44h,菌体干重达4.79g/L,此时测定发酵液中活菌数为1.95×1011CFU/mL.     

重组毕赤酵母表达期菌体浓度的软测量模型

建立了用于在线估计高密度重组毕赤酵母培养过程中处于表达阶段的菌体密度软测量模型。分别对比了基于遗传算法（GA）的动力学软测量模型以及基于人工神经网络（ANN）的软测量模型，并对神经网络软测量模型的拓扑结构以及训练参数进行了初步探讨。当采用基于遗传算法（GA）的动力学模型，模型拟舍值的最大误差为7．63％；在采用神经网络软测量技术时，选取合适的模型结构和输入参数，最大误差为3．12％，而且软测量模型可以很好地反映菌体浓度实时变化趋势。该研究结果表明，在酵母细胞的高密度培养过程中采用基于神经网络的软测量模型具有较高的准确度，可以较好地实时反映发酵过程中菌体浓度的变化。     

耐氧两歧双歧杆菌高密度培养的研究

讨论了耐氧两歧双歧杆菌在小瓶培养、发酵罐间歇培养、及流加培养的生长及代谢特性,探讨了其高密度培养的途径。在发酵罐流加培养试验中,通过流加碱和流加基质培养,使双歧杆菌生长的OD600值达到1.67,菌体浓度约为6.3×1010个/mL,乳酸浓度达到620mg/100mL,并使双歧杆菌生长的周期明显延长。     

东方伊萨酵母高密度培养的研究

以东方伊萨酵母为试验菌株,在摇瓶中以YPD液体培养基为基础,通过单因素和响应面试验设计,得到的优化培养基为:葡萄糖质量分数4.06%,酵母粉质量分数4.06%,磷酸盐质量分数0.39%。同时对培养条件和菌体收集条件进行探讨,确定了获得东方伊萨酵母高密度菌体的最佳培养条件:接种量2%,培养基初始p H6.0,培养温度30℃,转速120 r/min。此外,比较了在间歇补料的条件下添加不同补料对菌体高密度培养的影响,结果发现在补料中适当添加氮源可促进菌体的增殖,培养结束时获得的菌体菌落数可达1.71×109CFU/mL。     

蔬菜发酵专用乳酸菌的菌体高密度培养

菌体高密度培养是制备浓缩型蔬菜发酵专用菌粉的关键。采用缓冲盐法、化学中和法和补料培养法进行乳酸菌NCU0101的菌体高密度培养,分析研究培养基配方、培养条件、补料培养方式对菌体活菌数的影响。结果表明:菌体适宜培养基配方为葡萄糖5%、蛋白胨1%、磷酸氢二钾0.5%、醋酸钠0.3%,适宜培养条件为培养液pH值6.3～5.8、培养温度30℃、振荡频率40r/min、培养时间20h,适宜补料培养方式为培养0、4和8h时各补加2.5%的碳氮源(碳氮比为5:1);培养结束后,培养液中乳酸菌菌体活菌数可达7.83×109CFU/ml。     

利用流加发酵进行耐氧两歧双歧杆菌高密度培养的研究

分别讨论了耐氧两歧双歧杆菌在小瓶培养、发酵罐间歇培养以及流加培养的生长代谢特性,探讨了实现其高密度培养的途径.在发酵罐流加培养试验中,通过流加碱和流加基质培养,使双歧杆菌生长的OD600值达到1.67,菌体浓度约为6.3×1010个/mL,乳酸浓度达到620mg/100mL.并使双歧杆菌生长的周期明显延长.     

分批补料高密度培养米根霉As3.819产L-乳酸的研究

采用分批补料方式对米根霉As3.819高密度培养产L-乳酸的效果进行研究。摇瓶实验确定的最佳培养条件为：接种量5%、接种时间24h、装液量40%、补料液中葡萄糖与硫酸铵的质量比为20:1。罐发酵的最佳补料方式为葡萄糖浓度反馈流加。通过流加培养获得了较高的菌体密度,菌体干重达18.45g/L;重复发酵5批次,产L-乳酸效率达2.25g/L·h;菌体干重和产酸效率较分批培养分别提高了92.9%和82.9%。     

乳酸菌高密度培养技术的研究进展

乳酸菌对人类生活大有裨益,是工商业生产中极为重要的研究对象。乳酸菌高密度培养是其工业化应用的重要步骤。乳酸菌高密度培养可以较低的培养体积和较短的培养周期获得较高的菌体密度,提高发酵速度和发酵效果,应用于生产实践中能够减少后续发酵剂的使用量,并控制设备投资,降低生产成本。乳酸菌高密度培养受到生产菌株、培养基成分、发酵条件以及发酵模式等因素的影响。本文主要从乳酸菌高密度培养的营养消耗模式、培养基、培养条件、培养技术等方面进行综述,并展望了今后的研究方向,以期为乳酸菌发酵剂的高效制备及工业应用提供理论依据。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.