柱前衍生高效液相色谱法测定5种常见食用菌中的甲醛含量

目的建立柱前衍生-高效液相色谱法测定5种常见食用菌中甲醛含量。方法将干制与新鲜食用菌用超纯水浸泡,浸泡液经2,4-硝基苯肼(DNPH)衍生后,采用高效液相色谱法检测;色谱柱:C18(250mm×4.6mm,5μm),流动相:乙腈-水(70:30, V:V);流速为1.0 mL/min;检测波长352 nm;柱温40℃。外标法定量测定食用菌中甲醛含量。结果柱前衍生法对甲醛浓度在10.70～214.00μg/L范围内与其衍生物峰面积呈良好的线性关系,线性回归系数(r~2)为0.9964,方法的检出限为4.20μg/kg(S/N=3)。加标回收率为78.27%～114.26%,精密度1.55%～9.22%(n=6)。5种食用菌样品仅香菇样品检出甲醛。新鲜香菇甲醛含量超标,干制后香菇甲醛含量降低,低至国家标准含量以下。结论本研究的方法简便、快速、准确、稳定,可用于测定食用菌中甲醛含量。     

柱前衍生-高效液相色谱法测定婴幼儿谷类辅食中的甲醛

目的建立柱前衍生-高效液相色谱法测定婴幼儿谷类辅食中甲醛含量的分析方法。方法样品中的甲醛经柠檬酸钠缓冲溶液和含有2,4-二硝基苯肼的乙腈混合体系衍生提取,生成的甲醛-2,4-二硝基苯腙经色谱柱Agilent Poroshell 120 EC-C18(4.6 mm×150 mm, 2.7μm)以乙腈-水(70:30, V:V)等度洗脱分离,柱温30℃,流速为0.5 mL/min,检测波长为355 nm,外标法定量分析。结果甲醛在0.025～2.00 mg/L质量浓度范围内线性关系良好且相关系数(r2)大于0.995,方法检出限和定量限分别为0.03 mg/kg和0.10 mg/kg,在3个加标水平(1.00、5.00和10.0 mg/kg)的平均加标回收率为86.8%～89.0%,相对标准偏差为0.7%～2.1%。结论该方法操作简便,灵敏度高,重现性好,适用于婴幼儿谷类辅食中甲醛含量的测定。     

柱前衍生高效液相色谱法检测水产品中甲醛的含量

目的建立柱前衍生高效液相色谱法检测水产品中甲醛含量。方法样品经绞碎匀浆后,经2,4-二硝基苯肼-乙酸钠缓冲液衍生液(1:1,V:V)于60℃衍生1 h,冰浴冷却后的衍生物直接上高效液相色谱检测,以ODS-C_(18)柱子为分离柱,甲醇-水(70:30,V:V)为流动相等度洗脱,二极管阵列检测器在365 nm波长处检测,外标法定量。结果甲醛在0~10 mg/L浓度范围内线性关系良好,线性相关系数为0.9994,方法检出限为0.5mg/kg。空白样品在1.0、5.0和20.0 mg/kg添加水平下,回收率在88.2%~95.3%之间,RSD在0.75%~1.82%之间。对水产品9种样品中的甲醛进行了测定,其中6个样品检出甲醛,含量范围为1.51~64.04 mg/kg。结论该方法简便、灵敏、准确,可适用于水产品中甲醛含量的分析。     

乙酰丙酮衍生化高效液相色谱-荧光检测法测定食品中的甲醛

建立基于乙酰丙酮衍生化利用配有荧光检测器高效液相色谱测定食品中甲醛含量的方法。色谱柱为EclipseXDB-C18（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,流动相为V（乙腈）∶V（水）=20∶80,激发波长为416 nm,发射波长为505 nm,采用外标法定量,甲醛质量浓度在0.001～20.0 mg/L范围内呈良好线性,相关系数为0.999 9。甲醛质量浓度为0.005、0.05、0.5、5.0 mg/L时相对标准偏差分别为4.2%、1.9%、1.4%和0.81%。固体及粉末样品的检出限为0.025 mg/kg,液体样品的检出限为0.025 mg/L。本方法用于干香菇、面粉及啤酒样品中甲醛含量的测定,加标回收率为92.0%～97.7%,相对标准偏差不大于5.6%。结果表明,本方法灵敏度高,方便快捷,结果可靠。     

聚乙烯醇纳米复合膜中残留戊二醛含量的测定

戊二醛作为聚乙烯醇基纳米复合包装材料的交联剂能提高纳米复合材料的综合包装性能,但戊二醛的残留会影响食品包装材料的安全性。对聚乙烯醇纳米复合膜样品采用超声萃取其中残留的戊二醛,并与2,4-二硝基苯肼(DNPH)衍生化后,用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)检测其残留出的戊二醛含量,结果显示:该方法在0.2～5.0mg/L范围内线性相关系数为r2=0.9997,平均回收率达到76.8%～87.3%,相对标准偏差为2.83%～4.08%,最低检测浓度为0.2mg/kg,说明采用的萃取条件及色谱分析方法适合聚乙烯醇基纳米复合膜中戊二醛残留量的测定;待测聚乙烯醇基纳米复合膜中残留戊二醛的含量24.55mg/kg,符合食品包装材料安全限量标准。     

高效液相色谱-荧光法测定皮革中全氟辛酸残留量

建立了柱前衍生-高效液相色谱-荧光检测法(HPLC-FLD)测定皮革中全氟辛酸(PFOA)残留量的方法。以甲醇为萃取剂,室温下超声30min萃取皮革样品中的PFOA,以3-(溴乙酰基)香豆素(3-Br AC)为衍生剂,与PFOA发生衍生化反应,衍生产物通过HPLC-FLD测定,从而检测出PFOA的含量。结果表明:在浓度范围0.5~20mg/L内线性关系良好,最低检出限(LOD)为0.1mg/kg。在优化条件下,皮革样品中PFOA的加标回收率为89.0%~91.5%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为5.48%~6.92%。     

柱前在线衍生-HPLC法测定发芽糙米中γ-氨基丁酸含量

建立柱前在线衍生—高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定发芽糙米中γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)含量的方法。样品以料液比1:5、超声功率(占总功率)60%、在30℃下超声30 min,提取2次。衍生试剂OPA与样品在线混合10次、衍生2 min,用Agilent Eclipse Plus C18柱分离(流速1 mL/min,检测波长338 nm,柱温40℃)。GABA在5~50 mg/L范围内呈良好线性关系,相关系数大于0.999 0;最低检出限0.33 mg/L,最低定量限1 mg/L,方法添加回收率94.80%~98.40%,RSD为1.82%~2.58%。该方法简单快速、灵敏度高、精确,适合发芽糙米中GABA的检测。     

HPLC法测定市售白酒中的甲醛含量

本研究建立高效液相色谱法测定市售白酒中甲醛含量的分析方法。采用乙腈-2,4-二硝基苯肼和乙酸钠混合体系作为衍生液,在60℃水浴中进行衍生,提取样品中的甲醛。生成的衍生物经色谱柱Inertsil ODS-3-C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)洗脱,流动相为甲醇∶水(68∶32,V∶V),流速1.0 mL/min,柱温40℃,检测波长为360 nm。结果表明,甲醛在0.0125～1.0 mg/L浓度范围内,线性关系良好,3个不同水平的加标回收率为93.27%～98.06%,RSD值为1.98%,检出限为1.5μg/mL,12种市售白酒中的甲醛含量在0.37～12.98 mg/L之间。该方法操作简单,稳定性好,适用于快速检测白酒中甲醛含量。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定黑糖中丙烯酰胺和天冬酰胺

目的建立了一种同时检测食糖产品中丙烯酰胺和天冬酰胺的液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)方法。方法食糖产品样品不需要经过衍生,经纯水直接提取净化后就可测定,且方法检出限较低。采用含有5mM/L乙酸铵、0.1%的甲酸水(A)和乙腈(B)作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,质谱采用多反应监测模式(MRM)对定性和定量离子进行监测。结果丙烯酰胺和天冬酰胺在0.1mg/L、0.2 mg/L、0.5 mg/L三个添加浓度上回收率范围为93.5%～108.0%,相对标准偏差1.4%~5.4%;方法检出限为0.005 mg/L~0.01 mg/L。结论本方法前处理操作快速简单,可重复性好,满足国内外对食糖产品中丙烯酰胺和天冬酰胺的快速、准确的检测要求,适合大量样品的准确定量和定性分析。     

高效液相色谱法测定食品中甲醛次硫酸氢钠含量

目的建立高效液相色谱法检测食品中的甲醛次硫酸氢钠含量。方法样品经磷酸溶液提取,残留在其中的甲醛次硫酸氢钠分解释放出甲醛,甲醛与衍生试剂2,4-二硝基苯肼发生反应,生成黄色的衍生物苯腙,经Eclipse XDB-C_(18)(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱分离,流动相为乙腈-水(60:40,V:V),柱温为35℃,流速为1.0 m L/min;检测波长为355 nm,经高效液相色谱仪检测。结果本方法优化的实验条件是:磷酸溶液浓度2.0%,衍生剂2,4-二硝基苯肼溶液的浓度为2.0%,60℃水浴中反应30 min;甲醛标准溶液在0~3μg/m L浓度范围内具有良好的线性关系(r=1.00);在5、10和30μg 3个加标水平上的回收率为95.36%~98.20%,相对标准偏差为0.403%~1.05%;检出限为0.17 mg/kg。结论本方法快速准确,适合于测定食品中甲醛次硫酸氢钠的残留量。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Influence des ions sur le pouvoir hydratant de l'ure e: e tude sur peau de porc ex vivo

This study deals with the influence of ions (NaCl and MgSO4) in a W/O emulsion containing 10% urea. Moisturization kinetics are assessed by corneometry on pig skin ex vivo. The formula's influence on urea penetration is measured by infrared spectrometry with an ATR device and the stripping method. Corneometry and spectroscopy were chosen to record simultaneously the hydratation levels and urea localization into superficial cell layers. Urea crystallization after evaporation of emulsions and aqueous solutions is described. Results show that urea does not hydrate nor penetrate when applied to the skin through an aqueous gel. In a W/O emulsion, sodium chloride increases the ability of urea to moisturize without improving penetration. In vitro urea crystallization is disturbed by sodium chloride or magnesium sulphate for solutions and emulsions. This stabilization by ions is correlated with good moisturization values. The stabilization of urea in the solute state provided by ions increases its water epidermal binding capacity without enhancing penetration.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Analysis on Economic Indicators from 62 Enterprises in Printing Machinery Industry in Q1 2014

Operation of printing machine industry was still unsatisfactory in the first quarter of 2014.Analysis on operation of printing machine industry.a.Market demand was not strong;sales of product undulated and declined.According to the statistics,the total industrial output value fell by 19.28% in the first quarter of 2014 than the average quarter value in 2013; industrial added value decreased by 4.16%; sales revenue dropped by 22.83%. h. Business operation of enterprises was in poor condition. c. R＆D of new products is an important transformation guarantee for enterprises. d. To take self explore new ways upgrading advantages,and explore new ways.