前列舒乐胶囊质量标准研究

目的建立控制前列舒乐胶囊质量的方法。方法用薄层色谱法定性鉴别制剂中的淫羊藿、黄芪、川牛膝;用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）测定淫羊藿苷含量。结果定性鉴定了制剂中的淫羊藿苷、黄芪甲苷及川牛膝;HPLC测定本品淫羊藿苷在0.37～7.47μg范围内线性关系良好,平均回收率98.9%,重现性试验RSD 2.2%。拟限定本品淫羊藿苷含量为每1 g不得少于8.0 mg。结论以上方法可有效地控制前列舒乐胶囊的质量。     

前列舒乐胶囊质量标准研究

目的 建立控制前列舒乐胶囊质量的方法.方法 用薄层色谱法定性鉴别制剂中的淫羊藿、黄芪、川牛膝;用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定淫羊藿苷含量.结果 定性鉴定了制剂中的淫羊藿苷、黄芪甲苷及川牛膝;HPLC测定本品淫羊藿苷在0.37～7.47 μg范围内线性关系良好,平均回收率98.9%,重现性试验RSD 2.2%.拟限定本品淫羊藿苷含量为每1 g不得少于8.0 mg.结论 以上方法可有效地控制前列舒乐胶囊的质量.     

高效液相色谱法测定甜梦胶囊中4种成分

目的 建立高效液相色谱-波长切换法同时测定甜梦胶囊中毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、淫羊藿苷、朝藿定C、橙皮苷的含量。方法 以Thermo Hypersil Gold AQ为色谱柱,选用乙腈（A）-0.2%甲酸（B）为流动相,梯度洗脱;毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷检测波长为260 nm,淫羊藿苷、朝藿定C检测波长为270 nm,橙皮苷检测波长为283 nm;流速为1.0 ml/min,柱温为30℃。结果 毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷进样量在0.0406～0.6893μg(r=0.9996)、橙皮苷进样量在0.0607～0.8415μg(r=0.9999)、朝藿定C进样量在0.0354～0.5415μg(r=0.9999)、淫羊藿苷进样量在0.0262～0.3939μg(r=0.9999)范围内有良好的线性关系;平均回收率分别为98.86%,98.29%,98.87%,99.12%,RSD均在2.0%以内。结论 此法准确、可靠、分离度高,重复性较好,可为甜梦胶囊的质量标准提供理论依据。     

酶转化在淫羊藿苷提取中的应用

目前生产淫羊藿苷的过程中,其副产物朝藿定A、B、C等黄酮未被利用好。筛选出了将淫羊藿苷废渣中朝藿定A、B、C等黄酮转化成淫羊藿苷的A.sp.y39菌酶,将其应用于以淫羊藿提取物为原料制备淫羊藿苷的工艺。将150 g西安岳达淫羊藿提取物,溶解于60%乙醇、经D-280脱色柱脱色、结晶得到30.5 g淫羊藿苷;其废渣朝藿定A、B、C混合黄酮,经A.sp.y39菌酶转化,又得到16.6 g淫羊藿苷。共得到纯度90%以上的淫羊藿苷47.1 g;淫羊藿苷的提取率由传统的20.3%提高到31.4%;相比于传统方法,淫羊藿苷的提取率提高了50%以上。本文为节约淫羊藿资源提供了依据。     

高速逆流色谱法分离纯化红景天苷、葛根素和淫羊藿苷3种标准样品

目的采用高速逆流色谱技术分离纯化红景天苷、葛根素和淫羊藿苷3种标准样品。方法采用溶剂体系正丁醇:乙酸乙酯:水(2:3:5,V:V:V)分离红景天粗提物;采用溶剂体系正丁醇:乙酸乙酯:水(1:2:3,V:V:V)分离葛根粗提物;采用氯仿:甲醇:水(4:3.5:2,V:V:V)分离淫羊藿苷粗提物,并采用高效液相色谱法对所得单体进行纯度检测。结果所得红景天苷、葛根素、淫羊藿苷标准样品纯度分别为98.9%、99.8%和99.5%。将核磁共振(nuclear magnetic resonance,NMR)13C-NMR数据归属并与相关文献比对,进一步确认了该3种物质的结构。结论红景天苷、葛根素、淫羊藿苷3种样品满足GB/T 15000.3-2008标准样品工作导则的要求,可用于相关药品检测方法的校正和相关产品的质量控制。     

淫羊藿苷壳聚糖微球的制备及特性分析

为获得淫羊藿苷壳聚糖微球的最佳制备工艺,在单因素试验基础上,选取乳化剂质量分数、水油相比例、乳化时间和交联时间为影响因子,淫羊藿苷包封率为响应值,利用Box-Benhnken中心组合方法优化淫羊藿苷壳聚糖微球的制备工艺;采用扫描电镜(SEM)、傅里叶红外光谱分析(FT-IR)、差示扫描热分析(DSC)、综合热分析(TGA)对微球进行鉴定。结果表明:最佳工艺为:乳化剂质量分数5%,水油比0.3,乳化时间70 min,交联时间2.3 h,得到淫羊藿苷的包封率为(54.62±1.83)%,与预测值54.30%非常接近。SEM、FT-IR、DSC、TGA分析证实已成功制备淫羊藿苷壳聚糖微球,该制备工艺合理。     

不同地区商品淫羊藿中朝藿定、淫羊藿苷、总黄酮含量变异及抗氧化活性分析

为了了解我国商品淫羊藿的质量现状,为淫羊藿功能性食品的生产提供依据,采用高效液相色谱法测定了33批市售淫羊藿中朝藿定A、朝藿定B、朝藿定C与淫羊藿苷的含量,采用紫外分光光度法测定了总黄酮的含量,采用DPPH(1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼)与ABTS(2,2’-连氨-(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二氨盐)方法分析了淫羊藿醇提物的抗氧化活性。结果发现,朝藿定A、朝藿定B、朝藿定C、淫羊藿苷与总黄酮的含量分别在0.37~3.01、0.25~5.22、0.46~19.27、0.41~13.40、18.29~68.73mg/g范围内,淫羊藿醇提物清除DPPH自由基与ABTS+自由基的EC50值分别在0.27~3.51、4.71~21.96μg/mL范围内,所有淫羊藿样品的DPPH自由基清除率均高于抗坏血酸(VC)。不同地区商品淫羊藿中黄酮类化合物含量及抗氧化活性差异较大。淫羊藿醇提物的抗氧化活性与朝藿定C、总黄酮之间具有较高的相关性(相关系数在0.5648~0.8626之间),与朝藿定A、朝藿定B、淫羊藿苷的相关性较低(相关系数在0.3550~0.6395之间)。     

补血养生口服液的质量标准研究

目的 建立补血养生口服液的质量标准.方法 采用薄层法定性鉴别制剂中丹参,采用高效液相色谱法测定淫羊藿苷含量.结果 在薄层色谱中能检出丹参,淫羊藿苷在0.029～0.174 μg范围内有良好线性关系,回归系数r=0.9996,平均回收率为95.94％,RSD为1.54％.结论 本方法简便易行,专属性强,重复性好,可用于补血养生口服液的质量检测.     

淫羊藿保健面包的研制及功能成分分析

淫羊藿是我国特有的药食两用植物,其功能成分主要为黄酮类化合物.为了科学利用淫羊藿资源,采用二次发酵法,以感官评价为指标,研制出一种含有淫羊藿功能成分的保健面包.通过正交实验确定了淫羊藿保健面包的最佳配方,即当淫羊藿粉添加量为2.5％、白砂糖添加量12.0％、酵母添加量1.5％、面包改良剂添加量2.0％时,面包的风味和口感最好.质构特性分析表明,采用最佳工艺制作的淫羊藿保健面包具有较好的弹性、硬度、咀嚼度和黏稠性.功能成分分析表明淫羊藿黄酮类化合物在面包制作过程中损失率低于21％,淫羊藿保健面包中总黄酮、淫羊藿苷、朝藿定A、朝藿定B、朝藿定C含量分别为0.929、0.089、0.065、0.103、0.027mg/g.     

淫羊藿苷及其衍生物的抗氧化活性研究

目的:以淫羊藿苷为原料,对其进行水解和磺化分别得到淫羊藿苷元及水溶性苷元衍生物,研究淫羊藿苷、淫羊藿苷元及苷元衍生物对2,2-联苯基-1-苦基肼基(DPPH·)、羟自由基(OH·)和超氧自由基的清除能力。结果:淫羊藿苷对OH·和超氧自由基均具有较强的清除能力,对DPPH·也有一定的清除能力。而淫羊藿苷元及苷元衍生物对DPPH·、OH·和超氧自由基均具有较强的清除能力,清除率随着浓度的增大而增大,且淫羊藿苷元的清除能力均略高于淫羊藿苷元衍生物。结论:淫羊藿苷及其衍生物对DPPH·、OH·和超氧自由基均具有较强的清除能力,且其活性对浓度有一定的依赖性。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

Influence des ions sur le pouvoir hydratant de l'ure e: e tude sur peau de porc ex vivo

This study deals with the influence of ions (NaCl and MgSO4) in a W/O emulsion containing 10% urea. Moisturization kinetics are assessed by corneometry on pig skin ex vivo. The formula's influence on urea penetration is measured by infrared spectrometry with an ATR device and the stripping method. Corneometry and spectroscopy were chosen to record simultaneously the hydratation levels and urea localization into superficial cell layers. Urea crystallization after evaporation of emulsions and aqueous solutions is described. Results show that urea does not hydrate nor penetrate when applied to the skin through an aqueous gel. In a W/O emulsion, sodium chloride increases the ability of urea to moisturize without improving penetration. In vitro urea crystallization is disturbed by sodium chloride or magnesium sulphate for solutions and emulsions. This stabilization by ions is correlated with good moisturization values. The stabilization of urea in the solute state provided by ions increases its water epidermal binding capacity without enhancing penetration.