甘蔗渣的几种高值化利用研究进展

甘蔗渣是糖厂重要的副产物之一,也是一种重要的可再生资源,本文主要综述甘蔗渣的几种高值化利用新途径,并提出了甘蔗渣高值化利用的发展方向。     

甘蔗渣高值化综合利用对策的研究

甘蔗渣是制糖工业的主要副产品之一,是一种重要的可再生资源,作为造纸原料已无法体现甘蔗渣作为生物质能源的利用价值。就甘蔗渣在热能、保健品、化工、食品、制药、环保等方面提出实现产业化的高值化综合利用对策。     

油茶果壳生物质的转化研究进展

油茶果壳是油茶籽油生产过程中最大的副产物,对油茶果壳的不合理处置不仅会造成环境污染,同时也造成了资源浪费。为了促进油茶果壳的充分利用和开发,总结了以油茶果壳为原料制备生物燃料及生物碳材料方面的研究进展,并对油茶果壳在其他工业原料制备方面的应用进行了综述。油茶果壳可通过热解转化为生物炭、生物油和燃料气,作为生物燃料应用。油茶果壳生物质衍生碳材料可以作为电极材料、吸附材料和催化材料应用。油茶果壳还可以用于制备半纤维素、寡糖等工业原料。油茶果壳生物质应用研究有助于未来油茶产业链的延伸,实现油茶籽油副产物的高值化利用。     

废纸高值化利用及其在材料领域中的研究进展

再生资源高效利用是生态文明建设的重要环节,废纸（再生纤维）是废弃高分子材料领域中量大面广的重要废弃资源,目前利用废纸生产再生纸仍然是其主要的回收途径,废纸高值高效利用技术的开发广受关注。本文简述了国内废纸回用现状,综述了以废纸为原料制备再生纤维衍生物、废纸用作工程填料以及再生纤维复合材料等高附加值产品的研究成果,分析了废纸高值化利用及其在材料领域中的应用发展前景。     

中国废旧军服面料回收利用的研究现状及发展前景

为促进废旧军服面料的高值化回收利用,总结了国内07式军服的种类及其面料特征,系统分析了目前开纤纺纱法、再生聚酯切片法、涤棉分离技术等废旧军服面料的回收利用方法,并对废旧军服面料回收再利用的发展前景进行展望。分析表明：目前废旧军服面料的回收利用主要聚焦于简单再利用或回收涤纶组分制备高值再生聚酯切片,较少关注军服面料中其余组分的高值回收利用。针对废旧军服面料中含量相对较高的涤棉混纺面料,采用有效的涤棉分离技术高效分离涤纶和棉纤维,并以此作为原料分别制备再生聚酯切片和再生溶解浆,进一步以再生棉浆粕为原料制备再生纤维素产品将非常有前景。因而,开发高效的涤棉分离、废旧涤纶和棉纤维的高值化利用技术是实现废旧军服面料综合利用的重要发展方向。     

生物质精炼技术及在造纸行业的应用与趋势

生物质精炼是将生物质资源转化为能源和多元化、高附加值生物质产品的一种有效途径,是实现高值化利用原料和资源化利用三废的有效方法,造纸企业是生物质精炼不可多得的发展平台。本文重点介绍了传统制浆造纸工业与生物质精炼相结合的几种可行模式和相关技术的应用情况以及发展趋势。     

基于熔盐水合物预处理的木质纤维生物质精炼研究进展

熔盐水合物（molten salt hydrate,MSH）具有易制备、成本低、沸点高、蒸汽压低、环境友好等特点，在木质纤维生物质精炼领域展现出广阔的应用前景。本文主要综述了MSH预处理技术在木质纤维生物质组分分离及高值化利用方面的研究进展，并总结了MSH预处理技术在目前木质纤维生物质精炼研究发展中存在的不足及未来的发展方向，以期为木质纤维生物质的精炼研究提供借鉴。     

关于甘蔗渣综合利用的现状及前景探析

甘蔗渣是来源于制糖工业的一种副产品,每年糖厂都产出很多甘蔗渣。甘蔗渣是一种持续可再生发展资源,应该高值综合利用好甘蔗渣。阐述甘蔗渣综合利用的现状以及探析一些新的高值新途径,对甘蔗渣前景综合利用提出看法,以达到节约资源,发展甘蔗渣高值应用的目的。     

经济作物将替代粮食作乙醇汽油原料

[本刊讯]从日前在上海召开的生物柴油与生物质资源化工利用发展研讨会上获悉,国家将不再利用粮食作为生物质能源的生产原料,取代粮食的将是经济作物。这一消息是在国家发改委能源局可再生能源处处长史立山的发言报告中透露的。此消息当即引起众多想投资新生物能源领域企业代表的热切关注。替代产品是经济作物在发改委可再生能源处的报告中看到,发改委已做出了在山东、黑龙江、内蒙古和新疆等地的生物质燃料新原料生产基地的具体规划。燃料乙醇的新原料包括甜高粱、木薯、甘蔗等,而麻疯树、黄连木等油料植物则是用来生产生物柴油。发改委能源…     

生物质基多孔碳材料作为超级电容器电极的研究进展

生物质基多孔碳材料因原料来源广泛、价格低廉、环境友好等特点受到人们广泛关注,将其应用于超级电容器等储能器件可有效促进其在多领域实现高值化应用。本文通过深入分析近年来生物质基多孔碳超级电容器制备及应用的最新技术,从生物质原料种类、生物质基多孔碳材料的优化（活化和掺杂）及生物质基碳电极在不同超级电容器电极材料的应用等方面,归纳总结了生物质基多孔碳材料作为超级电容器电极未来面临的挑战。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Influence des ions sur le pouvoir hydratant de l'ure e: e tude sur peau de porc ex vivo

This study deals with the influence of ions (NaCl and MgSO4) in a W/O emulsion containing 10% urea. Moisturization kinetics are assessed by corneometry on pig skin ex vivo. The formula's influence on urea penetration is measured by infrared spectrometry with an ATR device and the stripping method. Corneometry and spectroscopy were chosen to record simultaneously the hydratation levels and urea localization into superficial cell layers. Urea crystallization after evaporation of emulsions and aqueous solutions is described. Results show that urea does not hydrate nor penetrate when applied to the skin through an aqueous gel. In a W/O emulsion, sodium chloride increases the ability of urea to moisturize without improving penetration. In vitro urea crystallization is disturbed by sodium chloride or magnesium sulphate for solutions and emulsions. This stabilization by ions is correlated with good moisturization values. The stabilization of urea in the solute state provided by ions increases its water epidermal binding capacity without enhancing penetration.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Analysis on Economic Indicators from 62 Enterprises in Printing Machinery Industry in Q1 2014

Operation of printing machine industry was still unsatisfactory in the first quarter of 2014.Analysis on operation of printing machine industry.a.Market demand was not strong;sales of product undulated and declined.According to the statistics,the total industrial output value fell by 19.28% in the first quarter of 2014 than the average quarter value in 2013; industrial added value decreased by 4.16%; sales revenue dropped by 22.83%. h. Business operation of enterprises was in poor condition. c. R＆D of new products is an important transformation guarantee for enterprises. d. To take self explore new ways upgrading advantages,and explore new ways.