QuEChERS结合液相色谱-串联质谱法检测茶叶中34种农药残留

目的建立QuEChERS结合液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定茶叶中34种农药残留的分析方法。方法样品加入乙腈后使用漩涡混合和超声波提取,应用QuEChERS方法进行净化处理。采用0.05%甲酸水(A)和乙腈(B)作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,质谱(ESI+)采用多反应离子监测模式对34种农药的定量离子和定性离子进行监测。结果本方法在17 min内完成34种目标化合物的分离分析。34种农药在2.5～200μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r)均大于0.995,方法的定量限为0.01～5.11μg/kg。34种农药在20、50和100μg/kg添加水平的回收率为70.6%～116.1%,相对标准偏差为1.0%～8.1%(n=6)。结论该方法简单、快速、准确、灵敏高,适合用于茶叶中农药多残留的测定。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法快速检测大米中的15种农药残留

目的建立液相色谱-串联质谱法快速检测大米中15种代表性农药残留的分析方法。方法大米样品经水溶胀后以乙腈提取,利用QuEChERS法进行净化。采用0.02%甲酸+2 mmol/L甲酸铵(A)和甲醇(B)作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用多离子监测模式对农药多残留进行检测。结果在9.5min内完成15种目标农药残留的分离分析。在0.010、0.10和0.50mg/kg3个添加水平的回收率为70.2%～110.0%,相对标准偏差为1.3%～14.5%(n=3);方法定量限为0.010 mg/kg、检出限为0.2～1.0μg/kg。结论该方法简便、快速、准确、实用,适合测定大米样品中的农药残留。     

QuEChERS结合气相色谱-质谱联用法检测蔬菜中10种农药残留

目的建立QuEChERS结合气相色谱-质谱联用法(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, GC-MS)同时测定蔬菜中10种农药残留的分析方法。方法样品加入乙腈后使用漩涡混合和超声波提取,应用QuEChERS方法进行净化处理。浓缩定容后用GC-MS在选择离子监测模式(select ion monitoring, SIM)下进行测定,外标法定量。结果 10种农药在0.005～1.0μg/mL范围内线性良好,相关系数r2均大于0.997,方法的检出限为0.0001～0.002 mg/kg,方法的定量限为0.0001～0.007 mg/kg。在0.02、0.05和0.1 mg/kg添加水平的回收率为62.6%～151.2%,相对标准偏差为0.1%～6.0%(n=6)。结论该方法简单、准确、灵敏高,适合用于蔬菜中农药多残留的测定。     

MPFC-QuECHERS结合超高效液相色谱串联质谱法快速测定铁皮石斛中56种农药残留

目的:对铁皮石斛的农药残留量进行风险分析与评估。方法:建立了超滤型净化分散固相萃取(MPFC-QuEChERS)结合超高效液相色谱—串联质谱法快速测定铁皮石斛中56种农药残留的分析方法。样品经0.1%甲酸—乙腈溶液提取,QuEChERS盐析包分层,经超滤净化柱单步净化,采用电喷雾正负离子切换(ESI),动态多反应监测(DMRM)模式进行分析,基质外标法定量。结果:56种农药残留在1.0～250.0μg/L线性范围内线性关系良好(R²>0.99)。方法的检出限(LOD)为1～5μg/kg,定量限(LOQ)为3.0～15.0μg/kg。56种农药残留在各自定量限1,2,10倍加标水平下,平均回收率为75.1%～107.0%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.7%～18.9%。采用该方法对20批次铁皮石斛中农药残留进行检测,结果显示,5份样品中检出烯酰吗啉、嘧菌酯、腈苯唑、丙环唑、苯醚甲环唑、啶氧菌酯6种农药,含量范围在0.066 7～1.872 mg/kg。结论:超滤型净化QuEChERS结合超高效液相色谱—串联质谱法测定农药残留具有前处理简单、快速高效等优特点,可用...     

QuEChERS净化-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定凯特芒果中14种农药残留

建立QuEChERS净化-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定凯特芒果中14种农药残留。取10.0 g样品经改进的QuEChERS方法进行前处理,采用ZORBAX SB-C_(18)色谱柱分离,以4 mmol/L甲酸水溶液和甲醇为流动相进行梯度洗脱;质谱采用电喷雾正离子源和多反应监测模式。14种农药的质量浓度为4.0～200.0μg/L时,线性关系良好,相关系数r0.999,定量限为0.15～1.0μg/kg,回收率为86.5%～103.1%,相对标准偏差为4.1%～11.5%。方法灵敏度及准确度良好,能满足凯特芒果中14种农药残留检测的要求。     

超高效液相色谱-三重四级杆质谱多反应监测模式测定葡萄酒中41种农药和7种真菌毒素残留

建立了超高效液相色谱-质谱/质谱联用法(ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry, UPLC-MS/MS)同时分析葡萄酒中41种农药和7种真菌毒素残留的方法。样品经QuEChERS净化，UPLC-MS/MS测定，外标法定量。结果表明，48种待测物质在各自线性范围内呈现良好的线性关系，相关系数均大于0.999,检出限为0.01～5μg/kg,定量限为0.05～17μg/kg;在25、50、80μg/kg加标水平下平均回收率为79.6%～122.5%,相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation, RSD,n=6)为0.21%～6.39%。该方法前处理简单、稳定性好，可以广泛应用于葡萄酒中农药和真菌毒素残留的快速筛查和定量检测。     

QuEChERS-液质联用技术同时测定大米中的4种真菌毒素及5种农药残留量方法的研究

本实验采用QuEChERS前处理及液相色谱-质谱联用检测技术,建立了同时测定大米中的4种真菌毒素及5种农药残留的方法。结果表明:大米中4种真菌毒素及5种农药残留测定结果线性良好,相关系数均大于0.995,方法定量限为5μg/kg(AFT-B_1为0.1μg/kg,玉米赤霉烯酮为50μg/kg),样品平均加标回收率为62.8%～98.1%,相对标准偏差为2.3%～13.5%。该方法高效、准确、节约,可用于大米中4种真菌毒素及5种农药残留量的同时检测。     

QuEChERS-气相色谱质谱联用检测辣椒中33种农药残留

建立辣椒中33种农药残留QuEChERS净化,气相色谱质谱联用仪快速的检测方法。乙腈超声提取,N-正丙基乙二胺(primary secondary amine,PSA)和C18净化,经HP-5MS色谱柱分离后测定。在测定浓度范围0.4μg/m L~20.0μg/m L内线性关系良好,r0.995;添加浓度为25、80、150μg/kg时平均回收率为74.31%~119.72%,相对标准偏差为2.0%~15.3%(n=6),检出限(LOD)为0.02μg/kg~4.6μg/kg,定量下限(LOQ)为0.07μg/kg~15.3μg/kg。本方法适用于辣椒中33种农药残留的检测。     

气相色谱-三重串联四极杆质谱法测定粮谷中169种农药的残留量

建立了粮谷中169种农药多残留的气相色谱-三重串联四极杆质谱(GC-MS/MS)的检测方法。样品经改进的QuEChERS净化处理,气相色谱分离,串联四级杆质谱多反应监测方式检测。结果表明,169种农药在粮谷中的检出限为0.3～13.0μg/kg,定量限为1.0～40.0μg/kg,线性范围在0.005 mg/L～2.0 mg/L之间,线性相关系数大于0.99,平均回收率在65.3%～143.6%之间,97%的农药相对标准偏差小于20%,该方法具有前处理简单、净化效果好、灵敏度高的特点,适用于粮谷中多组分农药残留的快速确认和定量检测。     

基于QuEChERS-高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定水果中44种农药残留

基于QuEChERS(Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe)-高效液相色谱串联质谱技术(High performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, HPLC-MS/MS),建立了测定水果中44种农药残留的方法。对样品的提取溶剂、净化方式进行了改良,同时对液相色谱条件和质谱采集参数进行了优化,并对基质效应进行了分析和评价。采用乙腈为提取溶剂,QuEChERS(900mg MgSO4+150 mg PSA)净化,HPLC-MS/MS测定,基质匹配标准曲线定量。在0～100 ng/mL浓度范围内,线性关系良好,相关系数(R2)>0.99。44种农药的检出限为0.0001～1.0μg/kg,定量限为0.0005～3.4μg/kg。3水平加标试验的回收率为70.3%～119.6%,相对标准偏差为0.8%～19.0%。方法前处理简单、分析快速、定量准确、灵敏度高,适用于水果中多农药残留的测定。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

Influence des ions sur le pouvoir hydratant de l'ure e: e tude sur peau de porc ex vivo

This study deals with the influence of ions (NaCl and MgSO4) in a W/O emulsion containing 10% urea. Moisturization kinetics are assessed by corneometry on pig skin ex vivo. The formula's influence on urea penetration is measured by infrared spectrometry with an ATR device and the stripping method. Corneometry and spectroscopy were chosen to record simultaneously the hydratation levels and urea localization into superficial cell layers. Urea crystallization after evaporation of emulsions and aqueous solutions is described. Results show that urea does not hydrate nor penetrate when applied to the skin through an aqueous gel. In a W/O emulsion, sodium chloride increases the ability of urea to moisturize without improving penetration. In vitro urea crystallization is disturbed by sodium chloride or magnesium sulphate for solutions and emulsions. This stabilization by ions is correlated with good moisturization values. The stabilization of urea in the solute state provided by ions increases its water epidermal binding capacity without enhancing penetration.