不同热风干燥方式对香菇多酚组成及其抗氧化活性的影响

研究了六种不同热风干燥方式对香菇多酚含量、组成及抗氧化活性的影响。采用福林-酚法和HPLC法对香菇多酚定量定性分析,并用化学法评价其抗氧化活性。结果显示:恒温干燥(ID)游离酚含量最高(2.69 mg GAE/g DW),结合酚含量最低(0.19mg GAE/g DW);均匀间歇干燥(UID)游离酚含量最低,结合酚含量相对较高。游离酚主要成分为没食子酸、绿原酸、咖啡酸、槲皮素,结合酚主要成分为没食子酸、槲皮素。六种干燥方式多酚均具有一定的抗氧化能力,其中ID组游离酚和结合酚的DPPH·清除能力最强,IC50值分别为0.53μg/m L、0.06μg/m L;ID组游离酚的ABTS+·清除能力最强,IC50值为3.32μg/m L,各干燥组间结合酚ABTS+·清除能力无显著差异;不同干燥组间的还原力无显著差异。结论:不同处理香菇多酚的含量、组成、抗氧化性有所差异,恒温干燥(ID)是香菇干燥比较理想的方式。     

不同品种苹果籽总酚含量与抗氧化相关性研究

为探讨苹果籽总酚含量与抗氧化相关性及其抗氧化的物质基础,以7 个品种苹果籽为材料,采用 Folin-Ciocalteu法测定总酚含量,FRAP法、ABTS＋·法、O2－·清除法、·OH清除法和DPPH自由基清除法评价抗氧化活性,高效液相色谱法进行多酚成分分析。结果表明：7 个品种苹果籽总酚含量范围为5.74～17.44 mg GAE/g（以干质量计）,抗氧化性优于茶多酚、VC和2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚（2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol,BHT）,蜜脆苹果籽具有最高的总酚含量和最好的抗氧化能力。除DPPH自由基清除法外,多酚含量与其他4 种方法测得的抗氧化数据具有显著正相关（r=0.771～0.984）。根皮苷为苹果籽多酚抗氧化的主要成分。     

金莲花黄色素抗氧化与抑菌活性的研究

研究金莲花黄色素的抗氧化与抑菌活性,为其综合利用提供科学依据。实验以清除DPPH·法和·OH法评价金莲花黄色素抗氧化活性,以滤纸片法测定其抑菌活性。抗氧化实验结果显示,金莲花黄色素对DPPH·和·OH的清除率与其质量浓度呈明显的量效关系,其对DPPH·和·OH的半清除率IC_(50)分别为18.04μg/m L和21.35μg/m L;常用抗氧化剂BHT对DPPH·和·OH的半清除率IC_(50)分别为30.18μg/m L和27.96μg/m L。抑菌实验结果显示,当金莲花黄色素质量浓度为0.2 mg/m L时,对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌圈直径分别可达14.4mm、12.3mm和9.5mm。结果表明,金莲花黄色素具有较强的抗氧化活性和一定的抑菌活性。金莲花黄色素是一种天然抗氧化剂的新资源。     

朝鲜蓟叶多酚提取及抗氧化活性研究

本研究主要通过单因素和正交试验,探讨了朝鲜蓟叶多酚的最佳提取工艺,比较了大孔树脂纯化前后朝鲜蓟叶多酚提取物的抗氧化和抑菌活性的差异。结果表明,最佳提取工艺为:乙醇浓度70%,料液比1:20,超声时间40min,该条件下多酚提取量为88.36mg/g。通过9种大孔树脂静态吸附及解吸性能的比较,确定了NKA-2型树脂为朝鲜蓟多酚的最佳纯化树脂。经过大孔树脂纯化后,朝鲜蓟叶多酚的抗氧化能力显著增强,如对DPPH、ABTS+自由基清除的IC50值分别从82.79μg/m L和251.30μg/m L,降低到32.30±0.25μg/m L、107.98±0.42μg/m L。另外,纯化工艺还显著提高了朝鲜蓟叶提取物的抑菌效果,对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、白色念珠菌、绿脓杆菌和乳杆菌均有抑制作用。综上所述,该研究为朝鲜蓟叶多酚的提取、纯化和应用提供了科学依据和理论基础。     

茶多酚-肉桂精油复合保鲜剂抗氧化活性及抑菌作用

为了研究茶多酚-肉桂精油复合保鲜剂抗氧化活性和对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌作用。采用体外抗氧化法测定了复合保鲜剂抗氧化能力。通过抑菌圈大小确定抑菌效果和最小抑菌浓度(MIC),结合抑菌活力、细菌生长曲线、细胞壁完整性和细胞膜通透性,综合评价复合保鲜剂对金黄色葡萄球菌的影响。结果表明,复合保鲜剂清除DPPH自由基、羟基自由基和超氧阴离子自由基的IC50分别为4.02μg/m L、9.15μg/m L、0.61 mg/m L。复合保鲜剂能够有效抑制金黄色葡萄球菌的生长,MIC为0.5 mg/m L,且能够破坏细胞壁和细胞膜。综上所述复合保鲜剂具有很强的抗氧化活性,对金黄色葡萄球菌有很好的抑菌效果,其可能的抑菌机理是破坏细胞壁,影响细胞膜的通透性。     

甘薯茎叶多酚的体外抗氧化活性与加工稳定性研究

目的:明确甘薯茎叶多酚的体外抗氧化活性与加工稳定性。方法:采用自由基清除法、光化学发光法、氧自由基吸收能力法和三价铁离子还原法评价西蒙1号和渝紫7号甘薯茎叶多酚对DPPH、·OH、·O2-等自由基的清除活性及Fe3+还原活性;研究光照、p H值(3.0,5.0,7.0,8.0)和热处理(50,65,80,100℃)对甘薯茎叶多酚的总酚含量和抗氧化活性的影响。结果:20μg/m L渝紫7号甘薯茎叶多酚溶液的·O2-清除活性分别为抗坏血酸、茶多酚和葡萄籽多酚的3.1,5.9和9.6倍,氧自由基吸收能力分别是水溶性维生素E、茶多酚、葡萄籽多酚的2.8,1.3和1.3倍。甘薯茎叶多酚在p H 5.0~7.0的溶液中最稳定;光照和50,65℃热处理对甘薯茎叶多酚加工稳定性影响较小,总酚含量和抗氧化活性的保留率分别在90%和80%以上。结论:甘薯茎叶多酚具有良好的抗氧化活性和加工稳定性,有潜质成为一种新型天然抗氧化剂。     

槟榔提取物不同部位的抗氧化性比较及成分研究

采用DPPH法、ABTS法和FRAP法3种测定法对槟榔提取物体外抗氧化活性进行综合评价,并分析其总多酚与总黄酮含量与抗氧化活性的关系。研究结果发现,槟榔提取物乙酸乙酸部位和正丁醇部位均有一定的抗氧化活性。其中乙酸乙酯部位清除DPPH自由基和ABTS+自由基的能力(IC50=14.60、2.04μg/m L)和还原Fe3+的能力(TEAC=4762.99μmol/g)均强于阳性对照BHT(DPPH方法:IC50=24.49μg/m L;ABTS方法:IC50=6.56μg/m L;FRAP方法:TEAC=2503.17μmol/g),正丁醇部位清除DPPH自由基和ABTS+自由基的能力(IC50=44.32、7.62μg/m L)和还原Fe3+的能力(TEAC=1587.42μmol/g)均弱于阳性对照BHT,且乙酸乙酯部位总多酚和总黄酮含量均大于正丁醇部位。可见,乙酸乙酯部位清除DPPH自由基、ABTS+自由基及还原Fe3+的能力可能与其总多酚、总黄酮含量高有关。     

黄秋葵提取物体外抗氧化活性的研究

目的:对黄秋葵不同器官水提取物的体外抗氧化作用进行研究,并分别测定其多酚与黄酮含量,为黄秋葵的开发提供一定的理论依据。方法:回流提取获得黄秋葵果、叶、花和种子的水提物,通过FRAP法、自由基的清除(DPPH·)和还原能力的测定对黄秋葵各器官水提物的体外抗氧化活性进行评价,采用NaNO_2-Al(NO_3)_3-NaOH显色体系和Folin-Cioealteau显色法分别测定黄秋葵果、叶、花和种子中的总黄酮含量和总酚含量。结果:黄秋葵不同器官水提物的抗氧化活性有差异,其中黄秋葵嫩果种子水提物的抗氧化活性相对最强,其FRAP值为1.202mmol/g,对DPPH·自由基的EC50值为43.46μg/m L,且种子的总黄酮含量和总多酚含量最高,分别为11.89mg/g和87.78mg/g。结论:黄秋葵果、叶、花和种子均具有良好的抗氧化活性,尤其是种子,具有潜在的开发价值。     

高粱不同溶剂提取物的抗氧化活性及抗细胞氧化应激作用

以红高粱为原料,采用测定清除DPPH·和ABTS~+·能力、总抗氧化能力3种方法比较了不同提取溶剂提取物的抗氧化活性,测定了总酚含量,并分析了总酚含量与抗氧化方法的相关性。并研究了高粱多酚对细胞氧化应激的影响。结果表明,60%乙醇提取物中总酚含量最高,达到315.45 mg GAE/100 g DW。DPPH·清除能力达到89.88%,ABTS~+·清除能力达到89.9%,总抗氧化能力为15.93 mmol TEAC/100 g DW,其中ABTS~+·与总酚的相关系数最高,为0.80(P=0.1930.05),但是不显著。高粱多酚质量浓度为2 mg/m L时,对H_2O_2诱导小鼠肝细胞产生MDA抑制率最高,为72.96%。在质量浓度为300μg/m L时,使得PC12细胞的存活率达到94.11%。由此可见,红高粱具有很强的体外抗氧化能力,并对细胞的氧化应激具有保护作用。     

不同品种生姜的抗氧化及抗炎症活性

研究了全国不同地区32种生姜提取物的体外抗氧化能力及其总酚和黄酮含量,并采用LPS诱导的鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7炎症模型评价了其抗炎作用。结果表明:永康黄姜和云南黄姜具有最强的清除DPPH·(IC50=0.79 mg/m L,0.99 mg/m L)和ABTS+·能力(IC50=0.63 mg/m L,0.64 mg/m L),对·OH的清除作用较弱。Pearson相关性分析表明,总酚含量与DPPH·和ABTS+·清除能力极显著正相关(P0.01),相关系数分别为0.714和0.666,与·OH清除能力不相关。抗炎症活性最强的为莱芜小姜(37.56μg/m L)、安丘大姜(40.69μg/m L)、云南黄姜(42.80μg/m L)和永康黄姜(48.14μg/m L)。     

The effect of in vitro gastrointestinal simulation on bioactivities of kefir

Kefir is a fermented milk beverage and known to have positive effects on gut microbial diversity and human health. In this study, digested and undigested kefir samples were compared for changes in their antihypertensive, antidiabetic, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Results showed that the amount of total phenolic substances, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging (DPPH) activity, and the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE-I) activity increased from 43.76 ± 0.005 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/L, 4.20 ± 0.55%, and 9.91 ± 3.90% in undigested kefir to 668.16 ± 3.332 mg GAE/L, 63.06 ± 0.64%, and 98.88 ± 0.42% in digested kefir, respectively. While the dipeptidyl peptidase IV-inhibitory (DPPIV-I) activity of undigested kefir increased by 19.11 ± 7.35% after digestion, the optical density of the ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) decreased from 1.188 ± 0.05 to 0.278 ± 0.009, and the protein amount decreased from 101.4 mg L⁻¹ to 12.42 mg L⁻¹ in digested kefir. No antimicrobial effect was observed in undigested kefir, whereas, digested kefir samples were active, but only against Escherichia coli. These results show that the gastrointestinal digestion processes of kefir generally increase the number of bioactive molecules, and the digestion process must be taken into account to determine the biological capability of foods.     

驴乳的营养成分及其保健作用的研究进展

驴乳作为营养品广泛使用已有数千年的历史,因其含有多种营养成分和生物活性,是婴幼儿、老年及体弱者补充营养物质的重要来源。该文综述驴乳的营养成分和抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化、抗过敏等保健作用,以期为驴乳产业提供新的方向和理论支持。     

Antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer activities of three Parmelia species

BACKGROUND: Lichens are symbiotic organisms consisting of algae and fungi. They are used for human and animal nutrition and in the production of colours, perfumes and alcohol. Lichens have also been used in traditional medicine to treat diseases such as jaundice, pulmonary, stomach and cranial diseases. In this study the acetone extracts of three lichens, Parmelia caperata, Parmelia sulcata and Parmelia saxatilis, were tested for their antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer potential. RESULTS: Of the lichens tested, P. saxatilis had the highest free radical‐scavenging activity (55.3% inhibition). Moreover, all tested extracts showed effective reducing power and superoxide anion radical scavenging. Strong relationships between total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant effects of the tested extracts were observed. The extract of P. sulcata was most active in terms of antimicrobial ability, with minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 0.78 to 12.5 mg L^?1. All extracts were found to have strong anticancer activity, with IC₅₀ values ranging from 9.55 to 22.95 µg mL^?1. CONCLUSION: The present study showed that the tested lichen extracts exhibited strong antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer effects. This suggests that lichens may be used as possible natural antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer agents. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

Antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer activity of 3 Umbilicaria species

Abstract: The aim of this study is to investigate in vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer activity of the acetone extracts of the lichens Umbilicaria crustulosa, U. cylindrica, and U. polyphylla. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by 5 separate methods: free radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, reducing power, determination of total phenolic compounds, and determination of total flavonoid content. Of the lichens tested, U. polyphylla had largest free radical scavenging activity (72.79% inhibition at a concentration of 1 mg/mL), which was similar as standard antioxidants in the same concentration. Moreover, the tested extracts had effective reducing power and superoxide anion radical scavenging. Total content of phenol and flavonoid in extracts was determined as pyrocatechol equivalent, and as rutin equivalent, respectively. The strong relationships between total phenolic and flavonoid contents and the antioxidant effect of tested extracts were observed. The antimicrobial activity was estimated by determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration by the broth microdilution method. The most active was extract of U. polyphylla with minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 1.56 to 12.5 mg/mL. Anticancer activity was tested against FemX (human melanoma) and LS174 (human colon carcinoma) cell lines using MTT method. All extracts were found to be strong anticancer activity toward both cell lines with IC₅₀ values ranging from 28.45 to 97.82 μg/mL. The present study shows that tested lichen extracts demonstrated a strong antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer effects. That suggests that lichens may be used as possible natural antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer agents.     

Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of propolis from several regions of Korea

Biological activities of different propolis extracts in Korea were examined for the evaluation of quality comparison with that from Brazil (BZ). Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of propolis extracts from Yeosu (YS) and Cheorwon (CW), whose values were higher than BZ, were also shown to be more aboudant. The extracts of YS and CW also showed strong antioxidant activities, using the linoleic acid peroxidation and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical-scavenging activity. However, the extract from BZ had less active antioxidant activity on linoleic acid peroxidation and DPPH free radical-scavenging activity of less than 70% than other extracts. The DPPH free radical-scavenging activity seems to relate with the antioxidant activity of linoleic acid peroxidation. The propolis with antioxidant activity also had DPPH free radical-scavenging activity. The extracts of YS and CW had effective antimicrobial activities on Staphilococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhimurium and Candida albicans. Strong antioxidant, radical-scavenging and antimicrobial activities of YS and CW seemed to relate with high values, total polyphenol, and flavonoid contents.     

Antioxidant,Antibacterial, and Antiproliferative Activities of Free and Bound Phenolics from Peel and Flesh of Fuji Apple

This study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiproliferative activities of flesh free (FF), flesh bound (FB), peel free (PF), and peel bound (PB) phenolics from Fuji apple. The PB, which had highest total phenolic contents (126.15 ± 2.41 mg/100 g wet weight) and lowest total carbohydrate contents (34.68 ± 2.78 mg/100 g wet weight), showed the strongest 2,2’‐azinobis‐(3‐ethylbenthiazoline‐6‐sulphonate) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity (EC₅₀ = 0.36 ± 0.02 mg/mL), 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picryhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity (EC₅₀ = 0.26 ± 0.01 mg/mL), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (Ferric reducing antioxidant power; EC₅₀ = 0.19 ± 0.02 mg/mL) compared with those of FF, FB, and PF. The PB also showed the strongest antibacterial activities on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes and it also showed the highest antiproliferative effects on Caco‐2 human colonic cancer cell (EC₅₀ = 1.44 ± 0.01 mg/mL) and Hela human cervical cell (EC₅₀ = 2.81 ± 0.01 mg/mL). Both free and bound phenolics from Fuji apple showed good antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiproliferative activities in our study, and bound phenolics had significantly higher activities compared with those of free phenolics.     

4种海南诺丽果内生细菌多样性及其关键生物活性研究

诺丽果富含生物活性成分,具有较强抑菌性和抗氧化能力。为探讨海南诺丽果中内生菌多样性的区别及其关键活性与多样性之间的联系,通过高通量测序技术(HTS),从4种诺丽果(长果标号为L、圆果标号为R、连体果标号为C、大溪地诺丽果标号为T)中发现了它们共同的优势菌属为短波单胞菌属(Brevundimonas)、泛菌属(Pantoea)和芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus),并测定内生细菌抑菌性,对具有抑菌活性的内生细菌进行总抗氧化性测定,发现具有抑菌性的诺丽果内生细菌均具有抗氧化性,抗氧化值在3.07～20.78U·mL-1,同时内生细菌的抗氧化性和抑菌活性呈正相关性。挑选4个品种诺丽果中2种关键活性较高的内生菌8株,进行16S rDNA和gyrA分子生物学鉴定,鉴定结果均为芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus),并分别属于枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、摩加夫芽孢杆菌(Bacillus mojavensis)和短小芽孢杆菌(Bacillus pumilus)。研究结果从微生物学角度比较了不同品种诺丽果内生细菌群落多样性差异,并探讨了内生细菌功能性之间以及与内生群落之间的关联,证实了植物-微生物相互作用学说。希望研究可为今后研究内生菌和宿主功能的协调性和统一性提供帮助,为具有特定功能的诺丽果内生菌的筛选应用提供理论基础,为内生菌在食品工业中的应用及植物与微生物互作研究提供更多思路。     

姜黄素的抗氧化及抗肿瘤活性研究

本文采用分光光度法测定姜黄素对ABTS和DPPH自由基的清除能力;运用AAPH诱导红细胞氧化性溶血考察姜黄素对AAPH诱导人血红细胞损伤的抑制作用。通过MTT方法考察姜黄素对A375恶性黑色素瘤生长状态的影响,并用流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡数量;运用Western blot测定姜黄素对JNK和Akt蛋白表达的影响。结果表明,姜黄素对DPPH和ABTS自由基具有较好的清除能力,呈浓度和时间依赖性;同时,姜黄素能有效抑制AAPH诱导红细胞溶血,当姜黄素为40μM时,溶血抑制率达到52.78±1.03%。MTT结果表明,随着姜黄素浓度的升高,A375细胞存活率逐渐下降,当姜黄素为40μM,A375的细胞存活率仅为21.50±1.60%。流式分析发现,随着姜黄素浓度的提高,细胞凋亡峰(Sub G1)的含量逐渐增加。当姜黄素为40μM时,细胞内Sub G1峰的含量达到了63.30%。进一步Western blot分析发现姜黄素诱导A375细胞凋亡与上调JNK磷酸化的水平和下调AKt磷酸化的水平有关。     

红参浓缩液对小鼠的抗氧化、免疫调节及降血糖作用

该研究通过建立衰老小鼠模型和II型糖尿病小鼠模型,对比不同剂量的红参浓缩液对小鼠体内抗氧化、免疫及降血糖活性影响。实验发现：与模型组相比,红参浓缩液给药组显著降低丙二醛含量（MDA）、空腹血糖（FBG）和口服葡萄糖耐量（OGTT）血糖曲线下面积（AUC）并且显著提高羟自由基清除率（•OH）、总超氧化物歧化酶（T-SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化氢酶（GSH-Px）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活力和免疫球蛋白G（Ig G）、免疫球蛋白M（Ig M）、白细胞介素4（IL-4）和γ干扰素（IFN-γ）含量（P<0.05）,明显改善脾脏损害。以上结果表明一定浓度的红参浓缩液可以延缓衰老、提高衰老模型小鼠的免疫力,增强II型糖尿病模型小鼠的葡萄糖耐受力,具有降血糖的效果。     

Antiproliferative and antibacterial activity of extracts of Ganoderma strains grown in vitro

Food Science and Biotechnology - In this bioprospecting study the biological activities of extracts of the in vitro culture of Ganoderma Mexican strains were evaluated. The extracts were tested by...