低温环保植绒胶的制备及应用

以甲基丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸丁酯、酮肼、无APEO的乳化剂为原料,采用种子乳液聚合法制备了低温环保丙烯酸酯植绒胶。研究了复合乳化剂体系和各交联体系对乳液外观、粒径大小、聚合凝胶率、胶膜吸水率、胶膜交联度、静电植绒产品耐磨性、手感等性能的影响。研究结果表明:选用种子乳液聚合法,将功能单体DAAM全部加在壳层制备乳液,软硬单体配比为2∶1~3∶1,所得乳液稳定,植绒织物手感柔软,耐磨性较好;引入酮肼交联体系,当m(ADH)/m(DAAM)=0.8~1,交联体系总用量为2.5%时,乳液性能稳定,胶膜吸水率较低,植绒织物耐磨性较好。     

静电植绒粘合剂DS的合成及应用

通过半连续种子乳液聚合法,采用双丙酮丙烯酰胺(DAAM)作为交联单体,研制出静电植绒粘合剂DS.用红外分析表征了DS的结构,研究了乳液聚合过程中乳化剂用量与配比、引发剂用量及交联单体用量对单体转化率和凝聚率等性能的影响,确定了较佳的合成工艺:乳化剂2.5%,引发剂0.4%,DAAM 3%;产品应用于静电植绒,效果较佳,所得植绒织物植绒牢度4 000次,手感柔软,半衰期1 s,抗静电性能优良,各项指标均达到了静电植绒织物FZ/T 64011-2001一等品的标准.     

无甲醛聚丙烯酸酯乳液硬挺剂的制备及性能

以丙烯酸酯、苯乙烯、双丙酮丙烯酰胺和丙烯酸为单体,采用种子乳液聚合法制备了无甲醛聚丙烯酸酯乳液硬挺剂。讨论了乳化剂用量、阴/非离子乳化剂复配比、硬单体种类、软硬单体比例和双丙酮丙烯酰胺用量对硬挺剂性能的影响。结果表明:当乳化剂用量为5%(对单体质量)、阴/非离子乳化剂复配质量比为1∶2,苯乙烯为硬单体之一,软硬单体质量比为1.0∶1.4,双丙酮丙烯酰胺用量为1.5%(对单体质量),引发剂用量为1%(对单体质量)时,制备的聚丙烯酸酯乳液稳定性良好;用于棉织物硬挺整理,可以使织物抗弯长度明显增加,且具有较好的耐洗性。     

有机硅防水织物涂饰剂的研制

以苯乙烯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸甲酯作为硬单体,长链丙烯酸异辛酯作软单体,采用核-壳乳液聚合制得的有机硅改性聚丙烯酸乳液,探讨了乳化液稳定性的影响因素,结果表明:在阴/非离子乳化剂的量比n(阴离子乳化剂)∶n(非离子乳化剂)=1∶1～1∶3、阴/非离子乳化剂用量3%(对单体质量)、有机硅单体质量分数8.5%(对单体质量)、pH值6～7等条件下,合成的有机硅防水织物涂饰剂可明显改善织物的防水拒水性能,并可克服涂膜低温变脆、高温易返粘等缺点,可1次涂胶,降低了成本.     

高牢度皮革涂饰剂FS-001的研制

介绍了一种乳液聚合方法.通过种子乳液聚合,调整单体比例,引发剂和乳化剂的品种及数量,确定当丙烯酸丁酯和苯乙烯占单体总量的90％～94％,功能单体N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺和丙烯酸羟乙酯占单体总量的2.5％～4.5％,引发剂用量占单体重量的0.9％,阴、非离子乳化剂比例为1∶3,乳化剂总量为单体总量2％,丙烯酸用量为单体总量的3...     

低温无甲醛硅丙静电植绒粘合剂LF的合成与应用

采用半连续核壳乳液聚合法制备低温无甲醛硅丙静电植绒粘合剂,通过讨论乳化剂用量和配比、引发剂用量、交联单体用量等对聚合乳液及胶膜性能的影响,确定乳液聚合制备低温无甲醛硅丙静电植绒粘合剂的工艺:SDS(十二烷基硫酸钠)和曲拉通X-100按照物质的量比1∶1复配,乳化剂用量4%,引发剂APS(过硫酸铵)用量0.4%,DAAM(双丙酮丙烯酰胺)用量2%;制得的低温无甲醛硅丙植绒胶应用于静电植绒,植绒耐磨性好(耐磨9 980次),耐干摩擦色牢度达到4~5级,耐湿摩擦色牢度达到4级,手感可达3~4级,综合性能优越。     

聚丙烯酸酯硬挺整理剂的制备及应用

采用水相核-壳乳液聚合法,分别以甲基丙烯酸甲酯和丙烯酸丁酯为主要硬单体和软单体,以丙烯酸为功能单体,制备核壳型聚丙烯酸酯硬挺剂,通过对单体、乳化剂、引发剂、电解质等的选择或用量优化,以及聚合反应温度的控制,优化了聚丙烯酸酯硬挺整理剂的制备条件:甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)∶丙烯酸丁酯(BA)∶苯乙烯(ST)∶丙烯酸(AA)=48∶27∶12∶3(质量比),乳化剂4%(对单体重,下同)、阴非离子乳化剂质量比3∶1,引发剂过硫酸铵0.4%,电解质碳酸氢钠0.4%,聚合反应温度85℃;在该条件下制备得到的硬挺剂乳液性能稳定。将其用于涤纶机织物硬挺整理,可使织物抗弯长度从1.8 cm提高至4.8 cm,且整理效果具有较好的耐洗性,织物白度和强力几乎不受影响。     

环保阻燃型静电植绒黏合剂的合成及其应用

为开发高附加值、环保型静电植绒黏合剂,以丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸丁酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯和丙烯酸为聚合单体,双丙酮丙烯酰胺为自交联单体,采用不含烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚类化合物（APEO）的阴/ 非离子复配乳化剂进行半连续核壳乳液聚合,通过添加有机/ 无机复配阻燃剂,合成一种烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚低温烘焙、无甲醛释放、不含APEO,同时具有阻燃性能的硅丙静电植绒黏合剂。探讨不同阻燃剂、阻燃剂配比、阻燃剂用量、协效剂用量对静电植绒效果的影响。结果表明：当聚磷酸铵与阻燃剂FR-5 按照质量比1：3复配,阻燃剂质量分数为30%,协效剂O?蒙脱土质量分数为10%时,所制得的黏合剂（FR）植绒牢度较高,手感柔软,阻燃效果良好。     

含氟丙烯酸酯拒水剂的制备

以苯乙烯(SM)、丙烯酸异辛酯(2-EHA)与甲基丙烯酸十二氟庚酯(Actyflon-G04)为反应单体,采用半连续种子乳液聚合方式,制备了含氟丙烯酸酯拒水剂.分析了含氟丙烯酸酯拒水剂的最佳合成工艺,对制备的共聚物进行傅立叶转换红外光谱表征,并将其处理到棉织物上.最佳合成工艺为:m(SM)∶m(2-EHA)=3∶2,Actyflon-G04 50%(对单体总质量),乳化剂2.5%(对单体总质量),引发剂0.8%(对单体总质量),聚合反应温度为80℃,保温时间为1.5 h.将合成的共聚物处理到棉织物上,整理后织物对水的接触角可达136.5°,具有良好的拒水性能.     

静电纺丝法对涤纶织物的单面亲水改性（英文）

为了提高涤纶织物的单面亲水性,通过静电纺丝法直接将聚乙烯醇(PVA)/海藻酸钠(SA)电纺纤维沉积在涤纶织物表面。讨论了PVA质量分数、SA质量分数、PVA和SA体积比、静电纺丝时间对电纺纤维形貌、改性涤纶织物亲水性能、抗静电性能、力学性能和透气性能的影响。结果表明,当PVA与SA质量分数分别为10%和2%,PVA与SA体积比为9∶1时,织物表面形成的电纺纤维分布均匀。改性涤纶织物的亲水性能和抗静电性能显著增强;断裂强度和断裂伸长率得到提高;并且保持了织物原有的柔软性。增加电纺时间,改性涤纶织物的力学性能没有明显变化,但电纺纤维层的形成导致改性涤纶织物的透气性能显著降低。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the