酶解蚕蛹蛋白制备蚕蛹活性肽工艺条件优化

以经超临界CO2萃取除去大部分蚕蛹油的脱脂蚕蛹蛋白质为原料,研究不同酶种类制备蚕蛹活性肽的酶解效果,选用碱性内切蛋白酶水解蚕蛹蛋白质制备活性肽,研究水解温度、酶用量([E]/[S])、底物浓度([S])和pH值等因素变化时水解度DH随时间的变化规律,结果表明,以DH为考察指标得到该碱性内切蛋白酶水解蚕蛹蛋白质的适宜条件为:水解时间300 min,酶用量[E]/[S]为0.3%,[S]为8%,pH值9.5,水解温度50℃,此时DH为22.66%,酶解物主要由小肽分子组成.     

贻贝中ACE抑制活性肽的酶解制备及表征

以贻贝为原料,制备具有血管紧张素Ⅰ转换酶(ACE)抑制作用的活性肽.采用水解度DH、蛋白质回收率及ACE抑制活性为指标,筛选水解贻贝粗蛋白的最适酶种;通过响应面分析(RSM)对水解贻贝粗蛋白的工艺条件进行优化;探讨水解度(DH)与ACE抑制活性的关系;利用HPLC方法分析活性肤的相对分子质量分布.试验结果表明碱性蛋白酶Alcalase 2.4 L是水解贻贝粗蛋白的最适酶种;碱性蛋白酶在[E]/[S]1.64、pH 9.12、温度57 ℃水解条件下,酶解物的ACE抑制作用最强,其DH26.41%,IC50 34.64g/mL.就贻贝粗蛋白的水解而言,控制水解度为25%～30%为宜.碱性蛋白酶水解贻贝粗蛋白所得活性肤,主要是以相对分子质量较小的短肽组成,其中,相对分子质量在1 000 Da以内的占90.42%.本研究结果表明以贻贝为原料,可以开发具有显著ACE抑制活性的降血压肤.     

酶解蛋清蛋白制备ACE抑制肽的工艺研究

为获取酶解蛋清蛋白制备血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)抑制肽的工艺参数,研究4种蛋白酶酶解蛋清蛋白所得产物对ACE的抑制活性,筛选出胰蛋白酶作为制备蛋清蛋白ACE抑制肽的适宜用酶。运用响应曲面法研究酶解时间、底物浓度([S])和酶与底物质量比([E]/[S])对制备ACE抑制肽工艺的影响,建立以上3因素与ACE抑制率关系的数学模型。结果确定胰蛋白酶酶解蛋清蛋白制备ACE抑制肽的适宜酶解条件为酶解时间4.87h、[S]3.06%、[E]/[S]2.91%、酶解温度45℃、pH7.4,此条件下制备的蛋清蛋白酶解产物ACE抑制率达到50.73%。     

泥鳅蛋白酶解工艺条件的优化

以泥鳅蛋白为原料,酶解制备具有降血压活性的短肽。从9种蛋白酶中筛选出菠萝蛋白酶的酶解液具有较高降压活性,IC50值为0.65mg/mL。在单因素试验的基础上,采用和Box-Behnken和响应面法(RSM)优化了酶解泥鳅蛋白的工艺条件,以ACE抑制率为指标,探讨酶与底物的比值([E]/[S])、酶解温度和酶解时间对ACE抑制率的影响。结果表明：制备降血压肽的最佳酶解条件为[E]/[S]4.9‰、酶解时间5.9h、酶解温度54.4℃、pH6.5、底物质量分数30%,该条件下制备的泥鳅蛋白酶解产物的ACE抑制率为88.92%。     

酶解牛乳酪蛋白制备ACE抑制肽的研究

目的利用酶技术制备酪蛋白源ACE抑制肽.方法以ACE抑制活性为指标,筛选最佳用酶,优化酶解反应条件,并研究酶解过程中水解度和游离氨基酸含量的变化.结果通过对5种蛋白酶的筛选,最终确定AS1.398中性蛋白酶为水解用酶,制备酪蛋白源ACE抑制肽,其最佳反应条件为pH 7、温度45℃、底物质量分数7.5%、酶用量([E]/[S])5%,水解6 h.在酶解过程中,随着时间的延长,水解度略有增加,而游离氨基酸含量大幅度增加.酪蛋白ACE抑制肽的半抑制浓度(IC50值)为0.68mg/mL.结论牛乳酪蛋白用蛋白酶水解可制备高活性的ACE抑制肽,是获得ACE抑制肽的良好来源.     

酶法生产大豆蛋白ACE抑制肽的研究

研究了Alcalase碱性蛋白酶、Neutrase中性蛋白酶、Protames复合蛋白酶、Flavourzyme风味蛋白酶对大豆分离蛋白的水解效果和ACE(血管紧张素转化酶)的抑制活性。水解能力用pH-start法检测,水解度大小依次为:Alcalase碱性蛋白酶>Protames复合蛋白酶>Neutrase中性蛋白酶>Flavourzyme风味蛋白酶;ACE抑制活性用高效液相法检测,ACE抑制率强弱依次为:Alcalase碱性蛋白酶>Flavourzyme风味蛋白酶>Protames复合蛋白酶>Neutrase中性蛋白酶。综合考虑,选定Alcalase碱性蛋白酶为生产大豆ACE抑制肽的最适酶,并对其酶解条件进行了优化,确定生产大豆ACE抑制肽的最佳条件为:温度60℃、pH8.0、[S]=4%、[E]/[S]=4%,这时的水解度为14.4%。     

具有抗氧化活性的骨蛋白肽水解条件优化的研究

对骨蛋白水解物的水解条件进行优化,并对其不同水解条件下水解物的抗氧化性进行了研究.本实验采用碱性蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶三种酶,分别选择2%、5%和7%的骨蛋白底物浓度,酶与底物浓度比([E]/[S])分别采用0.5:100、1:100、1.5:100、2:100对骨蛋白进行水解,用pH-Stat法测定其水解度,并且将水解物应用于卵磷脂脂质氧化体系中,测定其TBARS值,研究其抗氧化性.通过测定三种酶水解产物的水解度以及在Liposome体系中的TBARS值,表明碱性蛋白酶的酶解产物具有较高的水解度和抗氧化活性,故选择碱性蛋白酶对骨蛋白进行水解;通过测定不同底物浓度、不同的[E]/[S]的酶解产物的水解度和TBARS值,得出底物浓度为7%:[E]/[S]为1:100的酶解产物具有较高的抗氧化能力.     

乳清分离蛋白酶解制备抗氧化和ACE抑制活性产物

以乳清分离蛋白为原料,通过对肽浓度、游离氨基酸含量及水解度的研究,探讨了碱性蛋白酶Alkaline、中性蛋白酶NPU、肽酶AX和风味蛋白酶Flavourzyme对乳清蛋白酶解的影响。在优化碱性蛋白酶Alkaline水解条件的基础上,考察了中性蛋白酶NPU、风味酶Flavourzyme添加时间,获得了复合酶分步酶解工艺:酶解温度55℃,加入1.5% Alkaline([E/S]),维持pH8.5酶解10 min,待pH7.2时加入1% NPU([E/S]),酶解240 min,加入1% Flavourzyme([E/S])继续酶解20 min。在此条件下,肽浓度达到60 g/L以上,游离氨基酸含量为4348 mg/kg。获得的酶解产物基本无苦味。酶解物分子量主要分布在<1 kDa(69.62%)。酶解产物具有ABTS自由基清除和ACE抑制活性,IC₅₀值分别为1.02(0.377 μmol Trolox当量/mg)和1.38 mg/mL。综上,采用复合酶酶解乳清分离蛋白可获得具有抗氧化活性和ACE抑制活性产物,为乳清酶解物在功能食品或保健品领域的运用提供科学参考。     

玉米肽、大豆肽及其复配肽的降血压活性比较

为了得到高降血压活性、具有良好营养且便于工业化生产的生物活性肽,本实验以碱性蛋白酶A lcalase水解玉米大豆复配蛋白,通过正交试验,用试剂盒测定了酶解肽抑制血管紧张素Ⅰ转化酶(ACE)的活性,结果表明:最佳酶解条件为pH=8.0,温度55℃,[E]/[S]=0.5%,料液比1∶15,时间4h。比较了高降血压活性大豆肽、玉米肽、复配肽ACE的抑制活性,其抑制率分别为63.05%,82.59%,84.02%。复配肽不仅ACE抑制率最高,且营养价值高,与玉米肽相比,水解时间可减少14h,节省能源。结论:玉米大豆复配肽是优于玉米肽、大豆肽的降血压肽。     

大豆降压肽酶解制备工艺的优化研究

以大豆分离蛋白(SPI)为原料,分别采用碱性蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、风味蛋白酶对SPI进行酶解,测定水解度及ACE抑制率,结果表明碱性蛋白酶酶解液效果较好。采用响应曲面法对碱性蛋白酶酶解工艺参数进行优化,在此基础上采用双酶协同酶解和三酶联合酶解,然后对酶解液进行超滤分离和真空冷冻干燥,采用FA-Phe-Gly-Gly为底物的酶活力检测法对不同大豆降压肽组分进行活性检测。结果表明三酶联合酶解效果最好,水解度(DH)及ACE抑制率高达32.24%和84.44%。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Influence des ions sur le pouvoir hydratant de l'ure e: e tude sur peau de porc ex vivo

This study deals with the influence of ions (NaCl and MgSO4) in a W/O emulsion containing 10% urea. Moisturization kinetics are assessed by corneometry on pig skin ex vivo. The formula's influence on urea penetration is measured by infrared spectrometry with an ATR device and the stripping method. Corneometry and spectroscopy were chosen to record simultaneously the hydratation levels and urea localization into superficial cell layers. Urea crystallization after evaporation of emulsions and aqueous solutions is described. Results show that urea does not hydrate nor penetrate when applied to the skin through an aqueous gel. In a W/O emulsion, sodium chloride increases the ability of urea to moisturize without improving penetration. In vitro urea crystallization is disturbed by sodium chloride or magnesium sulphate for solutions and emulsions. This stabilization by ions is correlated with good moisturization values. The stabilization of urea in the solute state provided by ions increases its water epidermal binding capacity without enhancing penetration.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Analysis on Economic Indicators from 62 Enterprises in Printing Machinery Industry in Q1 2014

Operation of printing machine industry was still unsatisfactory in the first quarter of 2014.Analysis on operation of printing machine industry.a.Market demand was not strong;sales of product undulated and declined.According to the statistics,the total industrial output value fell by 19.28% in the first quarter of 2014 than the average quarter value in 2013; industrial added value decreased by 4.16%; sales revenue dropped by 22.83%. h. Business operation of enterprises was in poor condition. c. R＆D of new products is an important transformation guarantee for enterprises. d. To take self explore new ways upgrading advantages,and explore new ways.