动力学在振动给料机中的应用

本文介绍了带有摩擦阻尼的振动给料机的结构特点,建立了振动给料机在既有粘性阻尼又有摩擦阻尼的情况下受简谐激励振动时的力学模型。通过将运动微分方程中的理想干摩擦阻尼力展开为Fourier级数,取级数展开的第一项作为近似,求出了振幅及相位差角的一般表达式。最后应用Matlab语言实现了振幅、相位的参数计算,绘制出不同粘性阻尼和摩擦阻尼时幅频特性曲线和相频特性曲线。并与之结合,分析讨论了理想干摩擦阻尼对幅频特性和相频特性的影响,指出了摩擦阻尼与粘性阻尼结合可以有效降低共振时的振幅,且共振时,若摩擦力按线性增加则振幅按线性衰减;而粘性阻尼较小时,理想干摩擦阻尼力对相频特性的影响极为明显。     

带凸肩叶片的稳态响应计算及其阻尼减振分析

研究干摩擦理论在航空发动机叶片组振动控制方面的应用，着重分析带凸肩叶片的动力特性及凸肩干摩擦副的阻尼减振规律。在引入凸肩干摩擦非线性连接元概念的基础上，将固定界面模态综合法推广应用于带凸肩叶片组动力有限元模型降阶；提出用阻尼因子解决凸肩干摩擦阻尼大小的度量问题；在稳态特性数值计算中构造了两步迭代算法，改善了Ｐｉｃａｒｄ单步迭代法收敛性差的缺点。编制了相应的计算程序，完成两叶片系统计算模型的数值分析。     

电磁-碰撞复合阻尼系统减振性能研究

提出了一种新型电磁-碰撞复合阻尼减振方法,通过理论推导,建立振动系统在复合阻尼作用下的振动力学模型。通过实验,分别测得相同初始位移激励下振动系统的自由振动、加碰撞阻尼的振动以及加电磁-碰撞复合阻尼的振动曲线。实验验证了复合阻尼系统减振效果和理论计算的正确性。实验结果表明:与自由振动相比较,加碰撞阻尼和加电磁-碰撞复合阻尼能够加快减小振动系统振动的振幅,其中电磁-碰撞复合阻尼的减振效果最明显。最后利用理论模型得到了不同结构参数对复合阻尼系统减振效果的影响规律,并对复合阻尼系统进行了参数优化设计。     

颗粒阻尼的动态特性研究

颗粒阻尼技术已经成功的应用于多个领域抑制振动。然而,由于颗粒阻尼复杂的碰撞和摩擦减振机理,很难预测其减振特性。本文建立了颗粒阻尼的粉体力学模型,并用于研究颗粒阻尼容器的截面形状及尺寸关系对其减振特性的影响。通过试验研究,揭示了颗粒阻尼的非线性阻尼特性,并应用等效阻尼的原理提出了合理的颗粒阻尼的等效数学模型。     

干摩擦阻尼及其应用

采用干摩擦阻尼可以有效的限制构件的振动应力水平，从干摩擦阻尼特必的理论分析，干摩擦阻尼器的数学模型的建立以及在结构减振设计上的应用先进方面进行了论述，总结了国内外的研究方法及存在的问题，对我国开展该方面的研究工作具有一定的借鉴。     

胶质阻尼隔振器的力学模型及隔振性能研究

胶质阻尼(Colloidal damper)是由水和布满纳米微孔的疏水材料混合而成的新型隔振材料,以胶质阻尼为工作介质即可形成胶质阻尼隔振器。该文通过准静态和动态加载试验研究了胶质阻尼的迟滞特性,分析了加载频率、振幅对迟滞曲线的影响;之后建立了包含三次非线性刚度、粘性阻尼特性和干摩擦阻尼特性的胶质阻尼隔振器力学模型,以实测动态加载迟滞曲线为基础开展了模型参数识别;最后完成了胶质阻尼隔振器的隔振性能评估。研究表明,胶质阻尼隔振器具有良好的低频隔振性能和大阻尼特性,在设备减振领域具有良好的应用前景。     

NOPD板减振特性的理论及实验研究

NOPD（Non-Obstructive Particla Damping)又称粉体阻尼技术是90年代发展起来的一种新的被动减振技术。本文以四边自由的等截面板为研究对象,从微小颗粒的摩擦和冲击两个方面建立其减振理论模型,实现对振动响应的数值仿真并进行了实验验证,对NOPD的减振特性进行了较深入的研究。     

非线性隔振器阻尼特性研究

对一类迟滞非线性隔振器进行研究,提出了动力模型的建模方法,用此方法建立了钢丝绳隔振器的动态模型,由所建模型重构恢复力－位移回线并与试验回线比较,结果表明：理论回线与试验回线吻合好,用此模型研究这类隔振器的非线性阻尼特性,研究表明：这类隔振器的阻尼随振幅和频率变化,阻尼成分丰富,既有粘性阻尼,又有干摩擦阻尼和“高阶”阻尼。该模型能很好地描述这类非线性隔振器的阻尼特性,这为设计多个宽频工作区来兼顾缓冲、隔振奠定了动力学基础。文中提出的建模方法适用于有非线性特性的隔振、减振器材的建模和刚度及阻尼特性的研究。     

基于磁流变液阻尼减振器的建筑结构半主动控制研究

基于相似理论，制作了某3层建筑结构的相似结构，建立了一个4自由度的振动系统；根据结构的振动特性对磁流变液阻尼减振器进行了优化设计，求得了磁流变液阻尼减振器的质量、阻尼系数及刚度；设计一套用于建筑结构的半主动振动控制测试系统，对磁流变液阻尼减振器的减振效果进行了试验研究，在同时考虑结构固有频率以及外界磁场强度的情况下，安装磁流变液阻尼减振器能使结构的振幅明显减小，整个振动过程较为稳定，验证了磁流变液阻尼减振器的减振效果。     

基于微滑移模型的B-G型叶片干摩擦缘板阻尼器减振特性研究

在干摩擦接触面间引入弹性剪切层来模拟干摩擦接触,考虑摩擦接触界面在振动过程中可能经历完全粘滞、局部滑移、完全滑移三个阶段,提出一种改良的微滑移摩擦阻尼模型。在该阻尼模型基础上对摩擦力-位移迟滞曲线进行了仿真,得到了符合工程实际的迟滞曲线;分析了不同外力下接触面上的摩擦分布,揭示了微滑移模型的本质;利用一次谐波平衡与等效线性化相结合,研究多种参数对阻尼器等效刚度和等效阻尼及减振特性的影响,得到的减振规律为工程中该类阻尼器设计提供了指导。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.