一类新的基于信赖域技术的非单调共轭梯度算法

为有效求解大规模无约束优化问题,本文基于信赖域技术和修正拟牛顿方程,同时结合Zhang H. C.策略和Gu N. Z.策略,设计了一种新的非单调共轭梯度算法,应用信赖域技术保证了算法的稳健性和收敛性,并给出了算法的全局收敛性分析．在适当条件下,证明了该算法具有线性收敛性．数值实验表明新算法能够有效求解病态和大规模问题．与单独结合其中一种非单调策略的算法相比,新算法需要较少的迭代次数和运行时间,利用其得到的函数值与最优值更接近．     

基于稀疏对角拟牛顿方向的非单调超记忆梯度算法

超记忆梯度算法由于其迭代简单和较小的存储需求,在求解大规模无约束优化问题中起着特殊的作用.本文基于稀疏对角拟牛顿技术,结合修正Gu和Mo非单调线搜索步长规则,建立了求解大规模无约束最优化问题的非单调超记忆梯度新算法,给出了算法的全局收敛性分析.新算法具有算法稳定、计算简单的特点可用于求解病态和大规模问题.数值例子表明算法有效稳定.     

一类修正Zhang H.C.非单调共轭梯度算法

为有效求解大规模无约束优化问题,本文基于RMFI共轭梯度法,结合Zhang H.C.非单调线搜索步长规则,提出了一类新的共轭梯度算法.在适当的条件下,证明了新算法的全局收敛性.数值算例表明,新算法比Zhang H.C.非单调规则下的标准RMFI方法收敛速度更快,更有效.同时,本文进一步研究了Zhang H.C.非单调线搜索步长规则的一个基于强迫函数的拓展模型,并从理论上证明了基于此拓展模型的新算法的全局收敛性.     

一类锥模型非单调信赖域算法

对无约束优化问题提出一类基于锥模型的非单调自动确定信赖域半径的信赖域算法。在适当的条件下,证明算法的全局收敛性。     

求解无约束优化问题的多维滤子信赖域方法

无约束优化问题广泛存在于工程、科学计算等领域.本文提出了修正的多维滤子信赖域算法,将信赖域子问题中柯西步的求解独立出来,一旦发现二次模型非凸,便直接采用柯西点作为下一步迭代点.新算法无需考虑迭代产生的非凸点,编程以及全局收敛性的证明过程较为简洁.最终,数值计算结果表明算法的可行性和有效性.     

Wolfe线搜索下一个新的全局收敛共轭梯度法

共轭梯度法是求解大规模无约束优化问题的有效方法之一,其研究十分活跃.本文给出了一个新的共轭梯度法公式,新公式在精确线搜索下与DY公式等价.基于新公式,采用Wolfe非精确线搜索确定步长,本文设计了一个新的共轭梯度算法,并证明了新算法的下降性和全局收敛性.数值试验结果表明所设计新算法是有效的.     

结合广义Armijo步长搜索的一类新的共轭度算法及其收敛特征

对求解无约束规划的共轭梯度算法中共轭梯度方向中的参数给了一个假设条件。从而确定它的一个取值范围，使其在此范围内取值均能保证共轭梯度方向是目标函数的充分下降方向。提出了一类新的共轭梯度算法，在去掉迭代点列有界和广义Armijo步长搜索下讨论了算法的全局收敛性。同时给出了具有好的收敛性质和较快收敛速度的FR，PR，HS共轭梯度法的修正形式。数值例子表明新算法比Armijo搜索下的FR，PR，HS共轭梯算法更稳定更有效。算法需要较小的存储。特别适于求解大规模无约束最优化问题。     

一个新的谱共轭梯度法

谱共轭梯度法含有两个方向调控参数,是求解无约束优化问题的一类有效方法.本文给出一对参数公式以构建新的谱共轭梯度法,该方法在精确线搜索下与标准FR方法等价,在Wolfe线搜索下具有类似标准DY方法的内在性质.我们证明了采用Wolfe线搜索的新算法在每一次迭代中均产生下降方向,并且具有全局收敛性.数值实验结果表明,新算法数值稳定、有效,适合于求解大规模无约束优化问题.     

带回溯线搜索步的双子问题信赖域算法

无约束非线性优化问题广泛存在于工程、科学计算等实际应用领域。本文在信赖域算法的框架下提出无约束子问题,将它与信赖子问题相结合,构造了求解无约束优化问题的双子问题信赖域算法。同时利用信赖域子问题得到的试探步一定是目标函数充分下降方向的性质使得每次求解信赖域子问题之后均能得到使目标函数下降的步。在标准假设下证明了该算法具有全局收敛性和局部二次收敛速度。数值结果表明该算法比传统的信赖域算法速度更快更有效。     

带有线搜索的新的非单调自适应信赖域算法

本文给出了一种新的信赖域算法。该算法以变化的速率来调整信赖域半径的大小。在由信赖域子问题产生的试探步不被接受的情况下,新算法采用线搜索的方法得到下一个迭代点。同时算法采用非单调的技术来加速算法的收敛效果。文中给出了新算法的全局收敛性分析和数值试验的结果。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.