一种基于Hypervolume指标的自适应邻域多目标进化算法

通过定义反映个体之间邻近程度的指标(个体的树邻域包含关系),在考虑个体间支配关系的基础上,利用个体与其周边个体的树邻域密度进行适应度赋值;提出了一种2,3维情况下个体独立支配区域的Hypervolume指标的计算方法,该方法用于评价个体对群体的贡献时只需要1次计算(同类方法需要2次计算);当外部种群中非支配个体数目超过规定规模时,根据个体独立支配区域的Hypervolume指标的大小对其进行修剪;在此基础上,提出了一种基于Hypervolume指标的自适应邻域多目标进化算法ANMOEA?HI.对比实验结果表明,ANMOEA?HI在保证了解集收敛性的同时亦拥有良好的分布性.     

一种求解约束多目标问题的协作进化算法

针对约束多目标进化算法求解约束多目标问题时难以平衡收敛性、多样性和可行性的问题,提出一种协作进化算法(ConMOEA).将自适应形状估计进化算法(AGE-MOEA)和非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-II)优势融合,采用Deb约束支配原则非支配排序组合种群实现个体优选,在临界层中根据最大拥挤距离或生存值选择所需个体,最终形成新种群,实现种群快速接近Pareto前沿并具有良好分布性.为验证所提出算法的性能,对近期提出的一组DOC基准函数进行仿真计算,采用反世代距离(IGD)和超体积(HV)两个通用评价指标,与NSGA-II-CDP、C-TAEA、PPS、ToP、A-NSGA-III、AGE-MOEA约束多目标算法进行比较分析,实验结果证明ConMOEA具有更优的收敛性和多样性.     

A multi-objective artificial physics optimization algorithm based on ranks of individuals

This paper proposes a multi-objective artificial physics optimization algorithm based on individuals’ ranks. Using a Pareto sorting based technique and incorporating the concept of neighborhood crowding degree, evolutionary individuals in the search space are evaluated at first. Then each individual is assigned a unique serial number in terms of its performance, which affects the mass of the individual. Thereby, the population evolves towards the direction of the Pareto-optimal front. Synchronously, the presented approach has good diversity, such that the population is spread evenly on the Pareto front. Results of simulation on a number of difficult test problems show that the proposed algorithm, with less evolutionary generations, is able to find a better spread of solutions and better convergence near the true Pareto-optimal front compared to classical multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (NSGA, SPEA, MOPSO) and to simple multi-objective artificial physics optimization algorithm.     

Tourism Route Recommendation Based on A Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm Using Two-Stage Decomposition and Pareto Layering

Tourism route planning is widely applied in the smart tourism field. The Pareto-optimal front obtained by the traditional multi-objective evolutionary algorithm exhibits long tails, sharp peaks and disconnected regions problems, which leads to uneven distribution and weak diversity of optimization solutions of tourism routes. Inspired by these limitations, we propose a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm for tourism route recommendation (MOTRR) with two-stage and Pareto layering based on decomposition. The method decomposes the multi-objective problem into several subproblems, and improves the distribution of solutions through a two-stage method. The crowding degree mechanism between extreme and intermediate populations is used in the two-stage method. The neighborhood is determined according to the weight of the subproblem for crossover mutation. Finally, Pareto layering is used to improve the updating efficiency and population diversity of the solution. The two-stage method is combined with the Pareto layering structure, which not only maintains the distribution and diversity of the algorithm, but also avoids the same solutions. Compared with several classical benchmark algorithms, the experimental results demonstrate competitive advantages on five test functions, hypervolume (HV) and inverted generational distance (IGD) metrics. Using the experimental results of real scenic spot datasets from two famous tourism social networking sites with vast amounts of users and large-scale online comments in Beijing, our proposed algorithm shows better distribution. It proves that the tourism routes recommended by our proposed algorithm have better distribution and diversity, so that the recommended routes can better meet the personalized needs of tourists.      

一种基于模拟退火的多目标Memetic算法

为了改善多目标进化算法的搜索效率，提出了基于模拟退火的多目标Memetic算法．此算法根据Pareto占优关系评价个体适应值，采用模拟退火进行局部搜索，并结合交叉算子和基于网格密度的选择机制改善算法的收敛速度和解的均衡分布．flowshop调度问题算例的仿真结果表明，基于模拟退火的多目标Memetic算法能够产生更接近Pareto前沿的近似集．     

一种基于邻域的多目标进化算法

种群维护是多目标进化算法的重要组成部分。针对维护方法和运行效率的矛盾,提出一种基于邻域的多目标进化算法（NMOEA）。定义了一个反映个体之间邻近程度的指标--邻域包含关系,利用此关系对个体进行分布适应度分级的赋值,并用动态方法快速地对种群进行维护。通过7个测试问题和3个方面的测试标准,结果表明新算法在较快速地接近真实的最优面的同时,拥有良好的分布性。     

基于R2指标和参考向量的高维多目标进化算法

在高维多目标优化中, 不同的优化问题存在不同形状的Pareto前沿(PF), 而研究表明大多数多目标进化算法(Multi-objective evolutionary algorithms, MOEAs) 在处理不同的优化问题时普适性较差. 为了解决这个问题, 本文提出了一个基于R2指标和参考向量的高维多目标进化算法(An R2 indicator and reference vector based many-objective optimization evolutionary algorithm, R2-RVEA). R2-RVEA基于Pareto支配选取非支配解来指导种群进化, 仅当非支配解的数量超过种群规模时, 算法进一步采用种群分解策略和R2指标选择策略进行多样性管理. 通过大量的实验证明, 本文提出的算法在处理不同形状的PF时具有良好的性能.     

Hypervolume-based multi-objective local search

This paper presents a multi-objective local search, where the selection is realized according to the hypervolume contribution of solutions. The HBMOLS algorithm proposed is inspired from the IBEA algorithm, an indicator-based multi-objective evolutionary algorithm proposed by Zitzler and Künzli in 2004, where the optimization goal is defined in terms of a binary indicator defining the selection operator. In this paper, we use the indicator optimization principle, and we apply it to an iterated local search algorithm, using hypervolume contribution indicator as selection mechanism. The methodology proposed here has been defined in order to be easily adaptable and to be as parameter-independent as possible. We carry out a range of experiments on the multi-objective flow shop problem and the multi-objective quadratic assignment problem, using the hypervolume contribution selection as well as two different binary indicators which were initially proposed in the IBEA algorithm. Experimental results indicate that the HBMOLS algorithm is highly effective in comparison with the algorithms based on binary indicators.     

An augmented multi-objective particle swarm optimizer for building cluster operation decisions

It is envisioned that other than the grid-building communication, the smart buildings could potentially treat connected neighborhood buildings as a local buffer thus forming a local area energy network through the smart grid. As the hardware technology is in place, what is needed is an intelligent algorithm that coordinates a cluster of buildings to obtain Pareto decisions on short time scale operations. Research has proposed a memetic algorithm (MA) based framework for building cluster operation decisions and it demonstrated the framework is capable of deriving the Pareto solutions on an 8-h operation horizon and reducing overall energy costs. While successful, the memetic algorithm is computational expensive which limits its application to building operation decisions on an hourly time scale. To address this challenge, we propose a particle swarm framework, termed augmented multi-objective particle swarm optimization (AMOPSO). The performance of the proposed AMOPSO in terms of solution quality and convergence speed is improved via the fusion of multiple search methods. Extensive experiments are conducted to compare the proposed AMOPSO with nine multi-objective PSO algorithms (MOPSOs) and multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) collected from the literature. Results demonstrate that AMOPSO outperforms the nine state-of-the-art MOPSOs and MOEAs in terms of epsilon, spread, and hypervolume indicator. A building cluster case is then studied to show that the AMOPSO based decision framework is able to make hourly based operation decisions which could significantly improve energy efficiency and achieve more energy cost savings for the smart buildings.     

混合分解和强度帕累托多目标进化算法

在多目标进化优化中,使用分解策略的基于分解的多目标进化算法(MOEA/D)时间复杂度低,使用〖BP(〗强度帕累托策略的〖BP)〗强度帕累托进化算法-2(SPEA2)能得到分布均匀的解集。结合这两种策略,提出一种新的多目标进化算法用于求解具有复杂、不连续的帕累托前沿的多目标优化问题(MOP)。首先,利用分解策略快速逼近帕累托前沿;然后,利用强度帕累托策略使解集均匀分布在帕累托前沿,利用解集重置分解策略中的权重向量集,使其适配于特定的帕累托前沿;最后,利用分解策略进一步逼近帕累托前沿。使用的反向世代距离(IGD)作为度量标准,将新算法与MOEA/D、SPEA2和paλ-MOEA/D在12个基准问题上进行性能对比。实验结果表明该算法性能在7个基准问题上最优,在5个基准问题上接近于最优,且无论MOP的帕累托前沿是简单或复杂、连续或不连续的,该算法均能生成分布均匀的解集。     

Multi-objective self-adaptive differential evolution with elitist archive and crowding entropy-based diversity measure

A self-adaptive differential evolution algorithm incorporate Pareto dominance to solve multi-objective optimization problems is presented. The proposed approach adopts an external elitist archive to retain non-dominated solutions found during the evolutionary process. In order to preserve the diversity of Pareto optimality, a crowding entropy diversity measure tactic is proposed. The crowding entropy strategy is able to measure the crowding degree of the solutions more accurately. The experiments were performed using eighteen benchmark test functions. The experiment results show that, compared with three other multi-objective optimization evolutionary algorithms, the proposed MOSADE is able to find better spread of solutions with better convergence to the Pareto front and preserve the diversity of Pareto optimal solutions more efficiently.     

基于在线感知Pareto前沿划分目标空间的多目标进化优化

多目标进化优化是求解多目标优化问题的可行方法.但是, 由于没有准确感知并充分利用问题的Pareto前沿, 已有方法难以高效求解复杂的多目标优化问题.本文提出一种基于在线感知Pareto前沿划分目标空间的多目标进化优化方法, 以利用感知的结果, 采用有针对性的进化优化方法求解多目标优化问题.首先, 根据个体之间的拥挤距离与给定阈值的关系感知优化问题的Pareto前沿上的间断点, 并基于此将目标空间划分为若干子空间; 然后, 在每一子空间中采用MOEA/D (Multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition)得到一个外部保存集; 最后, 基于所有外部保存集生成问题的Pareto解集.将提出的方法应用于15个基准数值函数优化问题, 并与NSGA-Ⅱ、RPEA、MOEA/D、MOEA/DPBI、MOEA/D-STM和MOEA/D-ACD等比较.结果表明, 提出的方法能够产生收敛和分布性更优的Pareto解集, 是一种非常有竞争力的方法.     

基于极大极小距离密度的多目标微分进化算法

微分进化(differential evolution)是一种新的简单而有效的直接全局优化算法,并在许多领域得到了成功应用.提出了基于极大极小距离密度的多目标微分进化算法.新算法定义了极大极小距离密度,给出了基于极大极小距离密度的Pareto候选解集的维护方法,保证了非劣解集的多样性.并根据个体间的Pareto.支配关系和极大极小距离密度改进了微分进化的选择操作,保证了算法的收敛性,实现了利用微分进化算法求解多目标优化问题.通过对5个ZDT测试函数、两个高维测试函数的实验及与其他多目标进化算法的对比和分析,验证了新算法的可行性和有效性.     

基于旋转基技术的多目标粒子群优化算法

为了解决多目标优化求解的问题,提出一种基于旋转基技术的多目标粒子群优化算法（rtMOPSO）。改进了旋转基可视化技术,并将Pareto前沿映射到改进的旋转基扇形平面上,采用差熵指标监测种群进化状态。为平衡归档集的收敛性和多样性,提出了角度支配和角度支配力度两种新的概念,并设计归档集新的排序方法。在融合了旋转基角度和距离的概念的基础上,提出了一种改进的全局引导粒子的选择策略。改进算法采用两个类别的测试函数,与五种多目标优化算法进行了对比实验。实验结果表明,改进算法在收敛性和多样性方面优势明显。     

一种改进的多目标粒子群优化算法

提出一种改进的多目标粒子群优化算法,该算法采用精英归档策略,由档案库中的非劣解提供粒子速度更新时的全局最优位置,根据Pareto支配关系来更新粒子的个体最优位置。使用非劣解目标的线密度度量非劣解前端的均匀性,通过删除小密度的非劣解提高非劣解前端的均匀性。针对多目标进化算法理论型指标的不足,设计了应用型评价指标。标准函数的仿真实验结果表明,所提算法能够获得大量的非劣解,快速地收敛于Pareto最优解前端,且分布比较均匀。     

Multi-objective mobile robot path planning problem through learnable evolution model

A new multi-objective non-Darwinian-type evolutionary computation approach based on learnable evolution model (LEM) is proposed for solving the robot path planning problem. The multi-objective property of this approach is governed by a robust strength Pareto evolutionary algorithm (SPEA) incorporated in the LEM algorithm presented here. Learnable evolution model includes a machine learning method, like the decision trees, that can detect the right directions of the evolution and leads to large improvements in the fitness of the individuals. Several new refiner operators are proposed to improve the objectives of the individuals in the evolutionary process. These objectives are: the path length, the path safety and the path smoothness. A modified integer coding path representation scheme is proposed where the edge-fixing and top-row fixing procedures are performed implicitly. This proposed robot path planning problem solving approach is assessed on eight realistic scenarios in order to verify the performance thereof. Computer simulations reveal that this proposed approach exhibits much higher hypervolume and set coverage in comparison with other similar approaches. The experimental results confirm that the proposed approach performs in the workspaces with a dense set of obstacles in a significant manner.     

Handling many-objective optimisation problems with R2 indicator and decomposition-based particle swarm optimiser

An R2 indicator-based multi-objective particle swarm optimiser (R2-MOPSO) can obtain well-convergence and well-distributed solutions while solving two and three objectives optimisation problems. However, R2-MOPSO faces difficulty to tackle many-objective optimisation problems because balancing convergence and diversity is a key issue in high-dimensional objective space. In order to address this issue, this paper proposes a novel algorithm, named R2-MaPSO, which combines the R2 indicator and decomposition-based archiving pruning strategy into particle swarm optimiser for many-objective optimisation problems. The innovations of the proposed algorithm mainly contains three crucial factors: (1) A bi-level archiving maintenance approach based on the R2 indicator and objective space decomposition strategy is designed to balance convergence and diversity. (2) The global-best leader selection is based on the R2 indicator and the personal-best leader selection is based on the Pareto dominance. Meanwhile, the objective space decomposition leader selection adopts the feedback information from the bi-level archive. (3) A new velocity updated method is modified to enhance the exploration and exploitation ability. In addition, an elitist learning strategy and a smart Gaussian learning strategy are embedded into R2-MaPSO to help the algorithm jump out of the local optimal front. The performance of the proposed algorithm is validated and compared with some algorithms on a number of unconstraint benchmark problems, i.e. DTLZ1-DTLZ4, WFG test suites from 3 to 15 objectives. Experimental results have demonstrated a better performance of the proposed algorithm compared with several multi-objective particle swarm optimisers and multi-objective evolutionary algorithms for many-objective optimisation problems.     

基于粒子记忆体的多目标微粒群算法*

针对多目标微粒群算法(MOPSO)解的多样性分布问题,提出一种基于粒子记忆体的多目标微粒群算法(dp-MOPSO)。dp-MOPSO算法为每个微粒分配一个记忆体,保存寻优过程中搜索到的非支配pbest集,以避免搜索信息的丢失。采用外部存档保存种群搜索到的所有Pareto解,并引入动态邻域的策略从外部存档中选择全局最优解。利用几个典型的多目标测试函数对dp-MOPSO算法的性能进行测试,并与两种著名的多目标进化算法m-DNPSO、SPEA2进行比较。实验结果表明,dp-MOPSO算法可以更好地逼近真实Pareto沿,同时所得Pareto解分布更均匀。     

一种基于膜系统理论的多目标演化算法

提出一种用于求解多目标优化问题的基于膜系统理论的演化算法. 受膜系统理论的功能和处理化合物方式的启发,设计了求解多目标优化问题的演化操作. 此外,在表层膜中,引入了非支配排序和拥挤距离两种机制改善算法的搜索效率. 采用ZDT（Zitzler-Deb-Thiele）和DTLZ（Deb-Thiele-Laumanns-Zitzler）多目标问题对所提算法进行测试,所提算法求得的候选解既能较好地逼近真实Pareto前沿,又能满足非支配解集多样性的要求. 仿真结果表明,所提方法求解多目标优化问题是可行和有效的.     

Estimation of the Pareto front in stochastic simulation through stochastic Kriging

Multi-objective optimization of simulated stochastic systems aims at estimating a representative set of Pareto optimal solutions and a common approach is to rely on metamodels to alleviate computational costs of the optimization process. In this article, both the objective and constraint functions are assumed to be smooth, highly non-linear and computationally expensive and are emulated by stochastic Kriging models. Then a novel global optimization algorithm, combing the expected hypervolume improvement of approximated Pareto front and the probability of feasibility of new points, is proposed to identify the Pareto front (set) with a minimal number of expensive simulations. The algorithm is suitable for the situations of having disconnected feasible regions and of having no feasible solution in initial design. Then, we also quantify the variability of estimated Pareto front caused by the intrinsic uncertainty of stochastic simulation using nonparametric bootstrapping method to better support decision making. One test function and an (s, S) inventory system experiment illustrate the potential and efficiency of the proposed sequential optimization algorithm for constrained multi-objective optimization problems in stochastic simulation, which is especially useful in Operations Research and Management Science.