国外植物源杀虫剂研究进展

综述了近几年国外植物源杀虫活性天然产物的研究进展.主要介绍了生物碱类、萜烯类、酯类、酮和醌类以及其它种类的植物源杀虫剂对各种害虫的效果.特别介绍了一些新颖化学结构的生物活性化合物及其构效关系,并探讨了害虫化学防治的新途径以及植物源杀虫剂的应用前景.     

植物源除草活性物质研究进展

综述了植物源除草活性物质研究进展，介绍了具有除草活性的植物源天然产物、植物源除草剂及其作用机理。     

天然产物抗植物病毒剂国内外研究进展

综述了国内外天然产物抗植物病毒剂的研究进展，包括天然产物来源，分类，制备，化学，性质，生物活性和防治效果。     

具有生物活性不饱和酸及其衍生物研究进展

源自天然产物不饱和酸衍生物具有新颖的化学结构和多种生物活性。综述了近年来天然不饱和酸衍生物及仿生合成不饱和酸衍生物的研究进展，初步总结了它们的生物活性。     

海洋天然产物喹啉类生物碱的生物活性研究进展

海洋天然产物喹啉类生物碱是从海洋生物中提取的次级代谢产物,具有新颖的化学结构和广谱的生物活性,是多种新药开发研制的先导化合物。对海洋天然产物喹啉类生物碱的来源及生物活性进行了综述,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

天然产物酶抑制活性研究进展

自然界存在的天然产物具有丰富的多样性和复杂的化学结构,是筛选具有不同生物学活性的新颖化合物最丰富的资源,受到国内外研究者的广泛关注,国内外的研究者们已经从从植物中,动物中,微生物中分离到具有较强生物活性的物质,根据相关文献报道,天然产物具有抗菌,抗病毒,抗炎,酶抑制等丰富的生物活性,因此人们越来越关注这些次生代谢产物在医药,农业,工业领域的应用。其中各种不同的酶是许多生化反应的限速酶,在反应机理研究,疾病治疗,疾病分析等方面具有重大的作用,因此成为近年来研究的热点。酶抑制剂主要来源于植物,微生物。微生物产生的酶抑制剂是来源于微生物的初级代谢产物和次级代谢产物,研究最多的是放线菌,其中最重要的是链霉菌属(streptomyces);细菌、真菌也是产生酶抑制剂的重要微生物。除了传统的药源菌筛选分离外,研究人员的注意力更集中到了各种新的微生物类群中,如海洋微生物、极端微生物。自然界植物种类丰富,但仅有不到10%被测定过某种生物活性,从植物中筛选酶抑制剂存在巨大的潜力。本文对微生物来源的,植物来源的酶抑制剂进行了综述,旨在为今后酶抑制剂的研究提供一些依据,并且指出研究中出现的问题,提出相应的解决方案,同时对今后的研究进行展望。     

高等植物源农药

百年来,人们为保护农作物免遭害虫,微生物病原和其他危害而努力奋斗。最早的农药有不少是从植物中提取,并常常用来保护田间和收获后的农作物。随着发展,有些植物已广泛开拓成了商业杀虫剂的资源,但自20世纪40年代以来,化学合成农药纷纷替代植物源农药而雄据市场,这使植物衍生的农用天然产物的研究一度陷入低谷,但现今这种趋向有所改观,人们越来越认识到植物天然产物对现代农药的研究有着巨大的激励和推进作     

天然产物样品的高通量制备技术

自动化制备高质量和足够数量的样品是进行高通量筛选天然产物的前提 ,是发现新生物活性分子的关键步骤之一。通过基于固相萃取或高效液相 /固相萃取联用的自动化方法制备天然产物样品 ,制得的样品质量和数量能够满足高通量筛选天然产物的需要。     

短密青霉代谢类似物的合成及生物评价

生物活性天然代谢物通常分离量极小，所以合成就成为进一步研究其构效关系的强力手段，故一系列化学相关天然生物潜在活性合成中间体应运而生，这样，活性天然产物就能用于制成具有普通结构和官能的不同类似物，与参照化合物相比活性往往都有所提高。     

我国植物源害虫控制剂的研究与开发

本文回顾了我国植物源害虫控制剂研究和开发方向的成就，然后针对存在问题提出今后这一领域的四个研究方向，以活性追踪指引有效成分的研究，利用天然产物本身进行构效关系的研究，以“生物合理设计”为目标进行药剂毒理学的研究及综合开发合理利用杀虫剂植物资源。     

The Improvement of Hypertension by Probiotics: Effects on Cholesterol, Diabetes, Renin, and Phytoestrogens

Probiotics are live organisms that are primarily used to improve gastrointestinal disorders such as diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome, constipation, lactose intolerance, and to inhibit the excessive proliferation of pathogenic intestinal bacteria. However, recent studies have suggested that probiotics could have beneficial effects beyond gastrointestinal health, as they were found to improve certain metabolic disorders such as hypertension. Hypertension is caused by various factors and the predominant causes include an increase in cholesterol levels, incidence of diabetes, inconsistent modulation of renin and imbalanced sexual hormones. This review discusses the antihypertensive roles of probiotics via the improvement and/or treatment of lipid profiles, modulation of insulin resistance and sensitivity, the modulation of renin levels and also the conversion of bioactive phytoestrogens as an alternative replacement of sexual hormones such as estrogen and progesterone.     

生物活性天然产物分离技术的研究进展(英文)

Bioactive natural products are a main source of new drugs, functional foods and food additives. The separation of bioactive natural products plays an important role in transformation and use of biomass. The isolation and purification of bioactive_principle from a complex matrix is often inherent bottleneck for the utilization of natural products, so a series of extraction and separation techniques have been developed. This review covers recent advances in the separation of bioactive natural products with an emphasis on their solubility and diffusion coefficients, recent extraction techniques and isolation techniques. This overview of recent technological advances, dis- cussion of pertinent problems and prospect of current methodologies in the separation of bioactive natural products may provide a driving force for development of novel separation techniques.     

S-腺苷甲硫氨酸制备方法的研究进展

S-腺苷甲硫氨酸(SAM)是生物体内重要的生理活性物质,参与多种生化反应,临床上被广泛用于治疗抑郁症、神经紊乱、肝病、关节炎等.综述了SAM制备方法的研究进展,述及的SAM制备方法包括化学合成法、微生物发酵法、体外酶促合成法以及全细胞催化法.     

粘土矿物的药理作用及其医药应用

粘土矿物因有大的比表面积,丰富的孔隙率,良好的吸附性能,较高的吸附容量和离子交换能力等,已作为很多药物的活性成分和药物辅料,被广泛用于胃、肠道疾病,急慢性腹泻,皮肤病及风湿病的治疗。随着人们对粘土矿物性能和治病机理研究的深入,粘土矿物作为天然无毒副作用药物材料的研究越来越受到重视。通过近年来国内外粘土药物研究报道及实验室的研究成果,综合介绍粘土矿物的特点、性能、药理作用及其临床应用,预测粘土矿物在医药、化妆品领域中的应用前景。     

Bioactive compounds and advanced processing technology: Phaleria macrocarpa (sheff.) Boerl,a review

Recent technological advances and the development of new methods has provided an opportunity to obtain highly purified natural bioactive compound extracts with potential for the treatment and prevention of human diseases. The use of hazardous and toxic solvents for the extraction and processing of bioactive compounds from plant materials is considered a problem for health, safety and environmental pollution. Advanced technology aims to increase production of the desired compounds and find an alternative to using toxic solvents in the extraction of bioactive compounds from plant materials. The ever growing interest in plant bioactive compounds and today's concerns about environment issues have led to an increased need for an efficient and green extraction method. This review is focused on the extraction of bioactive compounds from plants using advanced and environment‐friendly methods such as supercritical fluid extraction, microwave‐assisted extraction, ultrasound‐assisted extraction and similar techniques that can extract rapidly and free from organic residues. An updated overview of the bioactive compounds present in the plant Phaleria macrocarpa and its extraction, fractionation, purification and isolation is provided. The advantages and disadvantages of both conventional and non‐conventional extraction methods are also discussed in this review. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry     

Hydrolysate from Eggshell Membrane Ameliorates Intestinal Inflammation in Mice

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) comprises of ulcerative colitis (UC) and Cohn’s disease (CD) as two main idiopathic pathologies resulting in immunologically mediated chronic inflammatory conditions. Several bioactive peptides and hydro lysates from natural sources have now been tested in animal models of human diseases for potential anti-inflammatory effects. Eggshell membrane (ESM) is a well-known natural bioactive material. In this study, we aim to study the anti-inflammatory activity of ESM hydro lysate (AL-PS) in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, AL-PS was shown to inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-8 secretion. In vivo treatment with AL-PS was shown to reduce dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced weight loss, clinical signs of colitis and secretion of interleukin (IL)-6 (p < 0.05). In addition, treatment with AL-PS also attenuated the severity of intestinal inflammation via down-regulation of IL-10 an anti-inflammatory cytokine. This validates potential benefits of AL-PS as a novel preventative target molecule for treatment of IBD.     

Bioengineering of Anti-Inflammatory Natural Products

Inflammatory processes occur as a generic response of the immune system and can be triggered by various factors, such as infection with pathogenic microorganisms or damaged tissue. Due to the complexity of the inflammation process and its role in common diseases like asthma, cancer, skin disorders or Alzheimer's disease, anti-inflammatory drugs are of high pharmaceutical interest. Nature is a rich source for compounds with anti-inflammatory properties. Several studies have focused on the structural optimization of natural products to improve their pharmacological properties. As derivatization through total synthesis is often laborious with low yields and limited stereoselectivity, the use of biosynthetic, enzyme-driven reactions is an attractive alternative for synthesizing and modifying complex bioactive molecules. In this minireview, we present an outline of the biotechnological methods used to derivatize anti-inflammatory natural products, including precursor-directed biosynthesis, mutasynthesis, combinatorial biosynthesis, as well as whole-cell and in vitro biotransformation.     

Microstructural Development of Natural Hydroxyapatite Originated from Fish-Bone Waste through Heat Treatment

The morphologic and microstructural development of natural fish bone through heat treatment is examined in view of fish-waste management and as a possible route for hydroxyapatite ceramics. Fish bone heated at temperatures ≤1300°C maintains a porous structure, with a sintered wall and a major crystalline phase of hydroxyapatite. Fish-originated ceramics are potentially useful as bioactive media as well as for environmentally compatible materials.     

Accessing the hidden majority of marine natural products through metagenomics

Tiny marine animals represent an untapped reservoir for undiscovered, bioactive natural products. However, their small size and extreme chemical variability preclude traditional chemical approaches to discovering new bioactive compounds. Here, we use a metagenomic method to directly discover and rapidly access cyanobactin class natural products from these variable samples, and provide proof-of-concept for genome-based discovery and supply of marine natural products. We also address practical optimization of complex, multistep ribosomal peptide pathways in heterologous hosts, which is still very challenging. The resulting methods and concepts will be applicable to ribosomal peptide and other biosynthetic pathways.