高效液相色谱法测定双黄连口服液中黄芩甙含量

目的 建立RP－HPLC测定双黄连口服液中黄芩甙含量的方法。方法 利用P－HPLC测定双黄连口服液中黄芩甙含量,固定相为Novea-Pak C18反相柱,流动相为甲醇－水－磷酸（50：50：0．2）,检测波长为276nm,并与中国药典（一部,95年版增补本）收载的薄层扫描法相比较。结果 该方法的线性范围为0．36－1．79μg(r=0.9996),平均回收率为102．62％,RSD＝1．56％（n=5)。结论 本法简便、准确,灵敏度高,重视性好,与薄层扫描法结果基本一致,但更为准确。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定虚寒胃痛颗粒中芍药甙含量

目的：利用HPLC法测定虚寒胃痛颗粒中芍药甙的含量。方法：采用C18柱，甲醇－水（25：75）为流动相，检测波长230nm，进样量10μl。结果：芍药甙的线性范围是0．2068－1.0340μg，r＝0．9993，平均回收率为97．9％，RSD＝1．18％。结论：方法简便，准确，可作为该成药的质量控制方法。     

三种水制黄芩品中黄芩甙含量的比较

目的：为了更好地为临床提供优良黄芩炮制品,充分发挥黄芩的临床治疗作用。方法：采用紫外分光光度法测定黄芩甙含量来对黄芩的不同炮制品进行定量分析。结果：水蒸炮制品中黄芩甙含量最高,达16．01％（RSD＝0．16％,n=5),比水浸炮制品中黄芩甙含量高出4．96％。结论：建议临床选择黄芩的炮制品入药时以水蒸品为佳。     

野黄芩甙的解热作用研究

目的：野黄芩甙是半枝莲的主要成分，半枝莲水煎剂对大鼠发热有明显的解热作用。为了证实野黄芩甙是否是半枝莲解热的主要成分，对野黄芩甙的解热作用进行实验研究。方法：Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠背部皮下注射１０％干酵母混悬液制备大鼠发热模型。选取体温上升１℃以上的大鼠７０只，随机分为野黄芩甙１２．５ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１、２５ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１、５０ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１组，阿斯匹林１００ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１、黄芩甙２５ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１、５０ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１和盐水对照组。均腹腔注射给药。药后每小时测量体温１次，连续６次。结果：野黄芩甙ｉｐ给药，对正常大鼠的体温无明显影响，用药前后体温变化差异无显著性（Ｐ＞０．０５）。但对发热大鼠有明显的解热作用，用药前后体温变化差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０１），并有明显的剂量依赖关系。野黄芩甙的解热作用持续４ｈ。野黄芩甙的解热作用强于阿斯匹林。结论：野黄芩甙是半枝莲的主要成分，其解热作用与半枝莲相似，表明野黄芩甙是半枝莲解热作用的主要成分。     

三波长分光光度法测定愈风Ⅱ号合剂中黄芩苷的含量

目的：对愈风Ⅱ号合剂中黄芩苷进行定量控制。方法：三波长分光光度法。结果：黄芩苷在3．968－49．60μg/ml范围内含量与吸收值有良好的线性关系，r=0.9983,RSD=1.07%。结论：不同批次愈风Ⅱ号合剂中黄芩苷含量为0．333－0．351mg/ml.     

HPLC法测定清开灵颗粒中黄芩苷的含量

目的建立以内标法测定清开灵颗粒中黄芩苷含量的高效液相色谱法。方法采用Liehrospher C18色谱柱（250mm×4．6mm,5μm）;流动相为甲醇：0．2％磷酸（55：45）,流速1．0ml·min^-1;柱温：室温;检测波长：278nm。结果黄芩苷在0．024～0．384μg范围内线性良好,r=0．9975;重复性试验RSD为0．62％,稳定性试验RSD为0．96％,高、中、低浓度加样回收率分别为97．75％、99．06％、101．08％。结论本方法简便快速,重现性好,结果准确,可用于清开灵颗粒的质量控制。     

好黄芩甙对发热家兔下丘脑及脑脊液中环磷腺芳含量的影响

目的：从中枢发热介质的角度探讨野黄芩甙的解热机制。方法：本实验用内毒素(ET)复制家兔发热模型，观察野黄芩甙的解热作用及对家兔下丘脑和脑脊液中环磷腺甙(cAMP)含量的影响。结果：静脉注射ET后80min，野黄芩甙 ET组家兔的体温明显低于ET组(P＜0.01)，表明野黄芩甙具有明显的解热作用；并且野黄芩甙能抑制ET所致的下丘脑中cAMP含量的升高(P＜0．01)和脑存液中cAMP含量的升高(P＜0．01)；相关分析显示，下丘脑和脑脊液中cAMP的含量变化与体温变化之间至明显的正相关(P＜0．01)。结论：野黄芩甙可能是通过抑制下丘脑和脑脊液中cAMP含量升高而发挥其解热作用的。     

湿疹清颗粒质量控制标准研究

目的：鉴别湿疹清颗粒中的连翘、地黄、茯苓皮和甘草、测定方中黄芩甙的含量。建立湿疹清颗粒的质量标准。方法：采用薄层色谱法（TLC）鉴别方中四味药物,用HPLC法测定黄芩甙的含量。结果：TLC色谱可明显鉴别方中连翘、生地黄、茯苓皮,但不能检出甘草。HPLC法测定黄芩甙含量的方法简便迅速,重现性良好。结论：所建立的实验方法能有效地控制制剂的质量。     

黄芩甙对脑细胞老化作用的实验研究

目的本文以抗坏血酸和硫酸亚铁为诱导脑细胞老化的实验模型。研究黄芩甙对其脑细胞损伤的作用。方法采用分光光度法检测脑细胞脂质过氧化物和线粒体膨胀，氧电极法测定脑细胞耗氧量。结果实验结果显示：脑细胞和线粒体分别在抗坏血酸和硫酸亚铁的作用下，脂质过氧化物升高，线粒体膨胀。黄芩甙具有明显的降低其脑细胞脂质过氧化的生成和线粒体膨胀。不同浓度的黄芩甙与脂质过氧化物生成量具有较高的相关性（r=0．78），直线回归方程y=4，885±2．951X，X=1．089±0．301Y黄芩甙降低线粒体膨胀以反应60min为例，由诱导组的光密度（0．214±0、023）分别增加到（0．244±0．041），（0．281±0．019）和（0．371±0．019）。黄芩甙降低脑细胞耗氧量也具有显著的统计学差异。结论黄芩甙具有防止抗坏血酸和硫酸亚铁诱导脑细胞结构和功能的老化作用。     

黄芩甙对流感病毒神经氨酸酶的抑制作用

目的：观察黄芩提取物黄芩甙对甲型流感病毒神经氨酸酶的抑制作用。方法：应用荧光测定法进行体外酶活性测定。结果：黄芩甙对我国分离的甲型流感病毒粤防72-243的神经氨酸酶有抑制作用,其半数有效抑制浓度（IC50）为（49.60±1.07）μg/mL。结论：黄芩甙对我国分离的甲型流感病毒神经氨酸酶具有抑制活性的作用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.