慢性应激所致大鼠海马长时程增强和氨基酸类神经递质的改变及苯妥英钠的效应

目的探讨慢性应激对大鼠海马长时程增强(LTP)和氨基酸类神经递质的影响及苯妥英钠对它们的效应.方法将24只SD雄性大鼠随机分为对照组、应激+生理盐水组和应激+苯妥英钠组,每组8只.采用离体海马脑片结合电生理的方法观测海马CA1区LTP的变化.以群体峰电位(PS)的幅值和场兴奋性突触后电位(fEPSP)的斜率作为观察LTP变化的指标.应用高效液相色谱紫外检测法检测海马氨基酸类神经递质的含量.结果(1)应激+生理盐水组PS幅值和fEPSP斜率在高频串刺激后增大的幅度低于对照组和应激+苯妥英钠组(P<0.05).(2)应激+生理盐水组和应激+苯妥英钠组的天冬氨酸含量[分别为(4.746±0.609)μmol/g和(4.948±0.751)μmol/g]高于对照组[(2.425±0.211)μmol/g,P<0.01];应激+生理盐水组的谷氨酸含量[(8.094±1.035)μmol/g]高于对照组[(6.016±0.677)μmol/g]和应激+苯妥英钠组[(6.970±0.647)μmol/g];P<0.05;应激+苯妥英钠组的GABA含量[(5.142±0.662)μmol/g]高于对照组[(4.229±0.449)μmol/g]和应激+生理盐水组[(4.249±0.463)μmol/g],P<0.01.结论慢性应激使大鼠海马CA1区LTP的形成受抑制,天冬氨酸和谷氨酸水平升高,GABA含量无明显改变;而苯妥英钠使慢性应激大鼠海马CA1区LTP维持正常.     

双脉冲低频刺激诱导成年大鼠海马CA1区NMDA受体依赖性长时程压抑

目的：研究诱导成年大鼠海马CA1区长时程压抑（long-term depression,LTD）的有效刺激参数及其受体机制.方法：成年雄性SD大鼠断头取脑制作海马脑薄片,采用细胞外场电位记录技术,用不同刺激参数刺激海马CA1区Schaffer传入纤维,记录海马CA1区LTD,寻找有效探讨诱导成年大鼠海马CA1区LTD的刺激参数及其受体机制.结果：双脉冲间隔（paired-pulse interval,PPI）为200 ms,频率1 Hz,900对双脉冲为1组,共2组,组间隔10 min的双脉冲低频刺激（paired-pulse low frequency stimulation,PP-LFS）能够有效诱导海马CA1区LTD,60 min和120 min测定其细胞外场兴奋性突触后电位（fEPSP）斜率,结果分别为前对照的（72.33±3.19）％和（69.11±2.80）％;与PP-LFS相同、仅仅刺激强度增加1倍的高强度的双脉冲低频刺激（high-intensity paired-pulse low frequency stimulation,HI-PP-LFS）也能有效诱导海马CA1区LTD,60 min和120m in测定其细胞外场兴奋性突角后电位（fEPSP）斜率,结果分别为前对照的（50.75±2.10）％和（50.90±5.52）％;NMDA受体拮抗剂APV能有效阻断PP-LFS和HI-PP-LFS诱导的LTD.结论：PP-LFS可有效诱导成年大鼠海马CAI区LTD,HI-PP-LFS可诱导产生更大幅度的LTD,且这种LTD是NMDAR依赖性的.     

咪唑安定或丙泊酚拮抗戊四氮对突触传递的影响

目的：观察咪唑安定或丙泊酚复合戊四氮对突触传递的影响。方法：分离大鼠海马半脑,切出400μm厚度的海马脑片,全细胞膜片钳记录戊四氮 咪唑安定组,戊四氮 脂肪乳剂组,戊四氮 丙泊酚组海马CA1区神经元兴奋性突触后电流(EPSC)变化。结果：各组加入10mmol／L戊四氮均使EPSC降至基线值的35．0％左右;10μmol／L咪唑安定使EPSC幅值上升至基线值的86．2％,脂肪乳剂不改变EPSC,100μmol／L丙泊酚使EPSC值上升至基线值的71．7％。结论：戊四氮对正常突触传递具有抑制作用,咪唑安定或丙泊酚拮抗戊四氮抑制突触传递的作用,使已减小的EPSC有所升高。     

Neuregulin-1温度依赖性抑制小鼠海马脑片CA1区的长时程增强

目的 研究不同温度条件下Neuregulin-1(NRG1)对小鼠海马脑片CA1区突触传递和突触可塑性的影响.方法 制作成年小鼠离体海马脑片标本,采用细胞外微电极记录技术,记录小鼠海马脑片CA1区Schaffer侧枝诱发场兴奋性突触后电位(fEPSP),以及施高频强直刺激(HFS)诱导长时程增强(LTP).分别在室温(26±1)℃和生理温度(32±1)℃条件下,观察NRG1对fEPSP和LTP的影响.结果 (1)无论在室温或生理温度条件下,灌流NRG1前后fEPSP斜率的平均值无明显变化(P>0.05).(2)室温灌流NRG1组与室温正常对照组相比,强直刺激后fEPSP斜率的平均值无明显变化(p>0.05);与生理温度正常对照组相比,生理温度灌流NRG1组强直刺激后fEPSP斜率平均值降低有显著性意义(P<0.01).结论 NRG1温度依赖性抑制小鼠海马脑片CA1区的长时程增强.     

CB1介导Δ9 THC抑制CA1区LTD的作用

目的探讨大麻素受体1(CB1)在四氢大麻酚(Δ9 THC)抑制CA1区长时程抑制(LTD)中的作用。方法在小鼠腹腔注射Δ9 THC(10?mg/kg)或CB1受体的选择性抑制剂SR141716(SR,5?mg/kg)24?h后切片,在海马CA1区记录场电位EPSP。结果①给予低频电刺激(1?Hz 15?min)诱导CA1区LTD,Δ9 THC可显著降低LTD(P<0.01);②Δ9 THC显著降低LTD的效应可被CB1的选择性抑制剂SR所翻转;③在CB1基因敲除的小鼠,Δ9 THC对LTD的效应与溶剂对照组相比无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论CB1受体介导Δ9 THC抑制离体海马CA1区LTD的作用。     

慢性应激所致大鼠海马长时程增强和氨基酸类神经递质的改变及苯妥英钠的效应

目的探讨慢性应激对大鼠海马长时程增强(LTP)和氨基酸类神经递质的影响及苯妥英钠对它们的效应.方法将24只SD雄性大鼠随机分为对照组、应激+生理盐水组和应激+苯妥英钠组,每组8只.采用离体海马脑片结合电生理的方法观测海马CA1区LTP的变化.以群体峰电位(PS)的幅值和场兴奋性突触后电位(fEPSP)的斜率作为观察LTP变化的指标.应用高效液相色谱紫外检测法检测海马氨基酸类神经递质的含量.结果(1)应激+生理盐水组PS幅值和fEPSP斜率在高频串刺激后增大的幅度低于对照组和应激+苯妥英钠组(P<0.05).(2)应激+生理盐水组和应激+苯妥英钠组的天冬氨酸含量[分别为(4.746±0.609)μmol/g和(4.948±0.751)μmol/g]高于对照组[(2.425±0.211)μmol/g,P<0.01];应激+生理盐水组的谷氨酸含量[(8.094±1.035)μmol/g]高于对照组[(6.016±0.677)μmol/g]和应激+苯妥英钠组[(6.970±0.647)μmol/g];P<0.05;应激+苯妥英钠组的GABA含量[(5.142±0.662)μmol/g]高于对照组[(4.229±0.449)μmol/g]和应激+生理盐水组[(4.249±0.463)μmol/g],P<0.01.结论慢性应激使大鼠海马CA1区LTP的形成受抑制,天冬氨酸和谷氨酸水平升高,GABA含量无明显改变;而苯妥英钠使慢性应激大鼠海马CA1区LTP维持正常.     

托吡酯对癫痫大鼠海马神经细胞凋亡的保护作用

目的 :探讨托吡酯 (TPM)对癫痫发作大鼠海马神经元凋亡的影响及其可能的机制。方法 :采用戊四氮致痫模型 ,大鼠癫痫发作后连续给予托吡酯 (80 mg· kg- 1 · d- 1 和 4 0 mg· kg- 1 · d- 1 ) ,共 14 d。以 TU NEL方法标记 DNA片段 ,原位检测海马 CA1和 CA3区的神经细胞凋亡。结果 :各组大鼠海马 CA1、CA3区均出现 TU NEL阳性细胞。对照组海马 CA1、CA3区 TUNEL阳性细胞数分别为 (35 .83± 4 .5 8)个和 (36 .83± 3.87)个 ;4 0 mg· kg- 1 · d- 1 托吡酯组分别为 (31.5 2± 3.4 3)个和 (32 .35± 4 .6 9)个 ;80 mg· kg- 1 · d- 1 托吡酯组为 (2 1.17± 3.0 6 )个和 (2 1.16± 3.87)个。 80 mg· kg- 1 · d- 1 托吡酯组与对照组比较存在极显著差异 (P<0 .0 0 1) ,4 0 mg· kg- 1 · d- 1 托吡酯组与对照组相比无显著差异 (P>0 .0 5 )。结论 :TPM对癫痫发作后神经元凋亡具有一定的保护作用。     

Saclofen对铝抑制大鼠海马CA3区诱发电位的影响

目的 通过应用GABAe受体阻断剂Saclofen探讨金属铝对海马CA3区诱发电位的抑制作用是否与GAB-Ae受体有关。方法 应用单个电脉冲（波宽0．15ms，强度30V）刺激穿通纤维（PP），在海马CA3区记录诱发的群体峰电位（PS）。在CA3区微量注射AlCl3和Saclofen，观察它们对PS幅值的影响。结果 ①0．5mol／L AlCl3注入CA3区后，PS幅值较注药前显著减小（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）。②25μmol／L的Saclofen易化CA3区PS的幅值（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）。③50μmol／LSaclofen显著抑制CA3区PS的幅值（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）。④25μmol／L的Saclofen（P〈0．05）和50μmol／L的Saclofen（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）均加强AlCl3的抑制效应。结论 GABAB受体可能部分介导了铝对海马CA3区PS的抑制作用。     

依托咪酯对大鼠海马CA1区长时程抑制的影响

目的 观察依托咪酯对大鼠海马CA1区锥体神经元产生的长时程抑制（LTD）的影响。方法 断头法分离Wistar大鼠海马半脑，用切片机切出400μm厚度的海马脑片。脑片分别以30出脂肪乳剂（A组）、30μl依托咪酯（相当于5μmol／L）（B组）、50μmol／L D-APV＋30μl脂肪乳剂（C组）、50μmol／L D-APV＋5μmol／L依托咪酯（D组）预孵60min，记录基础兴奋性突触后电流（EPSC）10min，然后给予低频刺激（LFS），记录LTD的表达情况。结果 给予NMDA受体特异性拮抗剂D-APV后，大鼠海马CA1区LFS不能诱发LTD；A组给予LFS后，产生LTD；B组给予LFS后的EPSC值为基础值明显低于A组。结论 本实验条件所诱发的LTD是NMDA受体依赖型的，5μmol／L依托咪酯使大鼠海马CA1区锥体神经元LTD表达增强。     

益智健脑颗粒对AD模型大鼠学习记忆能力及海马神经元、BDNF表达的影响

目的探讨益智健脑颗粒对Aβ1-40诱导的AD模型大鼠学习记忆能力及海马CA1区神经元BDNF表达的影响。方法右侧海马微量注射Aβ1-40建立AD动物模型,并用益智健脑颗粒对其进行干预,Y迷宫检测各组大鼠学习和记忆能力,免疫组织化学方法检测海马CA1区神经元BDNF表达。结果Aβ1-40能够导致大鼠学会躲避电击所需的尝试次数明显增加[(25.36±3.48)次vs(15.41±2.89)次],海马CA1区BDNF灰度值较对照组明显增大[(139.13±7.55)次vs(128.36±8.45)次],差异有显著性。应用益智健脑颗粒后,尝试次数明显减少[(17.12±3.51)次vs(25.36±3.48)次]、海马CA1区BDNF灰度值明显减小[(129.98±7.86)次vs(139.13±7.55)次]。结论益智健脑颗粒可以改善AD模型鼠的学习记忆能力,可以作为临床治疗AD的试验用药。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.