Fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy of brain metastases from renal cell carcinoma

Purpose: To retrospectively evaluate the effectiveness of fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT) for brain metastases from renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Methods and Materials: From May 1983 to September 1998, 35 patients with brain metastases from RCC underwent radiotherapy at the National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo; 10 patients treated initially with FSRT (FSRT group); 11 with surgery followed by conventional radiotherapy (S/CR group); and 14 with conventional radiotherapy (CR group). Survival and local control rates were determined for patients who had an ECOG performance status of 0–2.

Results: Overall median survival rate was 18 months, and actuarial 1- and 2-year survival rates were 57.6% and 31.0%, respectively. Median survival rates were 25.6 months for the FSRT group, 18.7 months for the S/CR group, and 4.3 months for the CR group. Significant prognostic factors associated with survival were age less than 60 years and good performance status. In patients treated with FSRT, imaging studies revealed that 21 of 24 tumors (88%) were locally controlled during a median follow-up time of 5.2 months (range 0.5–68). Actuarial 1- and 2-year local control rates were 89.6% and 55.2%, respectively. No patient suffered from acute or late complications during and following FSRT.

Conclusions: FSRT offers better tumor control and prolonged survival over the S/CR or CR groups, and should be considered as primary treatment for brain metastases from RCC. Patients under 60-years-old and those with a good performance status at the beginning of radiotherapy had a better prognosis.     

Fractionated stereotactic radiation therapy for extracranial head and neck tumors

BACKGROUND: This study is to report the clinical experiences of fractionated stereotactic radiation therapy (FSRT) for extracranial head and neck tumors. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between the period of July 1995 and November 1998, 48 patients with extracranial head and neck tumors were given FSRT as a boost and sole modality. Individualized treatment planning was performed using XKnife-3 system with relocatable Gill-Thomas-Cosman frame. In 24 patients, FSRT was applied as a boost technique following the 2-dimensional conventional external radiation therapy (ERT); in 24 patients FSRT was the sole radiotherapy modality. The primary diseases in the boost group consisted of nasopharynx cancer (19), lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinoma (3), orbital lymphoma (1), and skull-base recurrence of maxillary sinus adenoid cystic carcinoma (1). The primary diseases in the sole modality group consisted of recurrent nasopharynx cancer (12), orbital pseudotumor (4), skull-base recurrence of maxillary sinus, submandibular gland, and hypopharynx cancers (3), orbital rhabdomyosarcoma (2), orbital lymphoma (1), orbital metastasis of neuroblastoma (1), and nasal cavity melanoma (1). The fractionation schedule was to give 5 treatments per one week and the fractional doses were 2.0-3 Gy depending on the treatment aim and the FSRT volume. The FSRT doses varied depending on the nature of the primary diseases. RESULTS: The local tumor response in nasopharynx cancer patients was excellent compared to retrospective data without occurrence of unexpectedly severe complication. FSRT to other regions was well tolerated by the patients and resulted in good to excellent local tumor responses with no unacceptable side effects as expected by the authors. CONCLUSION: Based on the current observations, FSRT is a very effective and safe modality in the treatment of extracranial head and neck tumors.     

Fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy for acoustic neuroma: single-institution experience at The Princess Margaret Hospital

BACKGROUND: The clinical outcome and toxicity of fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT) was assessed for acoustic neuroma in 60 patients treated in a single institution. METHODS: Between October 1996 and February 2005, 60 patients received FSRT for acoustic neuroma (AN). The mean total dose applied was 50 Gy in single daily 2-Gy fractions over 5 weeks. The median irradiated tumor volume was 4.9 cm(3) (range, 0.3-49.0 cm(3)). The median follow-up period was 31.9 months. RESULTS: FSRT was well tolerated in all patients. The 5-year actuarial local control rate was 96.2% (95% CI: 91.1%-100.0%). Five-year actuarial progression-free survival was 92.8% (95% CI: 84.8%-100.0%). The overall hearing preservation rate was 77.3%. Five of 6 patients with initial cranial nerve V (CNV) numbness remained stable post-FSRT. Two of 3 patients with baseline trigeminal neuralgia improved with the remaining patient stable. All 3 patients with nonsurgically related facial nerve weakness either improved or achieved stability in function. There were no cases of new cranial nerve toxicity post-FSRT. CONCLUSIONS: FSRT for the treatment of AN is safe, effective, and well tolerated. FSRT should thus be considered as an effective alternative treatment modality when compared with microsurgical resection or single fraction stereotactic radiosurgery.     

伽马刀FSRT颅内囊变型转移瘤的临床分析

目的 分析伽马刀FSRT在颅内囊变性转移瘤治疗中的作用。方法 对2013—2015年间治疗的 189例颅脑转移瘤373个病灶筛选出 40例伴有61个囊变性转移灶者。所有病灶均采用伽马刀FSRT,50%等剂量线定义为处方剂量线,处方剂量 40~48 Gy分 10~12次。Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率,Logrank法检验单因素分析。结果 中位随访21个月(6~39个月),中位生存期15.3个月,6个月、1、2年LC率分别为93%、82%,79%,1、2年生存率分别为63%、30%。单因素分析显示囊变体积、病灶体积与LC率均无关(P=0.17、0.48)。结论 采用伽玛刀治疗脑囊变性转移瘤具有与实体转移瘤相似的有效率,LC率与安全性值得临床借鉴与应用。     

Single dose versus fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy for recurrent high-grade gliomas

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) in patients with recurrent high-grade gliomas by comparing two different treatment regimens, single dose or fractionated radiotherapy.

Methods and Materials: Between April 1991 and January 1998, 71 patients with recurrent high-grade gliomas were treated with SRT. Forty-six patients (65%) were treated with single dose radiosurgery (SRS) and 25 patients (35%) with fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT). For the SRS group, the median radiosurgical dose of 17 Gy was delivered to the median of 50% isodose surface (IDS) encompassing the target. For the FSRT group, the median dose of 37.5 Gy in 15 fractions was delivered to the median of 85% IDS.

Results: Actuarial median survival time was 11 months for the SRS group and 12 months for the FSRT group (p = 0.3, log-rank test). Variables predicting longer survival were younger age (p = 0.006), lower grade (p = 0.0006), higher Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) (p = 0.0005), and smaller tumor volume (p = 0.02). Patients in the SRS group had more favorable prognostic factors, with median age of 48 years, KPS of 70, and tumor volume of 10 ml versus median age of 53 years, KPS of 60, and tumor volume of 25 ml in the FSRT group. Late complications developed in 14 patients in the SRS group and 2 patients in the FSRT group (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Given that FSRT patients had comparable survival to SRS patients, despite having poorer pretreatment prognostic factors and a lower risk of late complications, FSRT may be a better option for patients with larger tumors or tumors in eloquent structures. Since this is a nonrandomized study, further investigation is needed to confirm this and to determine an optimal dose/fractionation scheme.     

Charged particle radiotherapy of paraspinal tumors.

Between 1976 and 1987, 52 patients with tumors adjacent to and/or involving the cervical, thoracic, or lumbar spinal cord were treated with charged particles at the University of California Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory. The histologies included chordoma and chondrosarcoma (24 pts), other bone and soft tissue sarcoma (14 pts), and metastatic or unusual histology tumors (14 pts). Radiation doses ranged from 29 to 80 Gray-equivalent (GyE), with a median dose of 70 GyE. Twenty-one patients received a portion of their treatment with photons. Median followup was 28 months. For 36 previously untreated patients, local control was achieved in 21/36 patients and the 3-year actuarial survival was 61%. Of 16 patients treated for recurrent disease, 7/16 were locally controlled and the 3-year actuarial survival was 51%. For patients treated for chordoma and chondrosarcoma, probability of local control was influenced by tumor volume (less than 100 cc or greater than 150 cc) and whether disease was recurrent or previously untreated. Complications occurred in 6/52 patients, including one spinal cord injury, one cauda equina and one brachial plexus injury, and three instances of skin or subcutaneous fibrosis. Charged particle radiotherapy can safely deliver high tumor doses to paraspinal tumors with good local control.     

Fractionated stereotactic conformal radiotherapy in the management of large chemodectomas of the skull base

PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of fractionated stereotactic conformal radiotherapy (FSRT) as a noninvasive method in the management of large chemodectomas of the skull base. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Twenty-two patients with chemodectomas of the skull base were treated with FSRT at our institution. Ten patients received primary RT, and 12 patients were treated for recurrent or progressive disease after primary surgery (8 patients) or embolization (4 patients). The median total dose was 57.6 Gy, with a median of 1.8 Gy/fraction. The median target volume was 71.8 cm3 (range, 10.5-212.2 cm3). The most common symptoms at the initial diagnosis were pulsatile tinnitus (16 patients), hearing loss (14 patients), and balance disturbance (14 patients). Twelve patients had additional cranial nerve deficits. RESULTS: The median follow-up was 5.7 years (range, 19-177 months). The actuarial overall survival rate was 89.5% at 5 and 10 years. The actuarial local control rate was 90.4% at 5 and 10 years. Seven patients (32%) had a partial response and 13 (59%) had stable disease of the irradiated chemodectoma. Two symptomatic patients developed recurrence after 19 and 32 months. Neurologic dysfunction improved or completely resolved in 59% and stabilized in 32%; 9% of patients experienced impairment of preexisting neurologic dysfunction. No patient developed new neurologic deficits after FSRT. RT was interrupted in 1 patient because of a maxillary bone abscess. In all other patients, no acute or late adverse reactions greater than Common Toxicity Criteria Grade 2 were seen. CONCLUSION: Fractionated stereotactic conformal radiotherapy is an effective and well-tolerated noninvasive treatment for chemodectomas, with excellent tumor control rates and a low risk of morbidity. It is an option for patients at greater risk of microsurgical resection or with residual and recurrent tumors.     

Stereotactic radiotherapy for patients who initially presented with brain metastases from non-small cell carcinoma

The purpose of this study was retrospectively to evaluate the effectiveness of fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT) for patients who presented with intracranial metastases as the initial symptom of lung carcinoma. Fifteen patients with three or fewer brain metastases from lung carcinoma underwent FSRT receiving 42 Gy in 7 fractions or 40 Gy in 4 fractions from April 1999 to October 2002. Patients who developed new lesions were retreated with FSRT or whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT). Tumor control was obtained in 14 patients during a median period of 21.0 months (ranging from 11 to 34 months) with salvage radiotherapy whenever required. None died from brain metastasis. The median survival time was 7.0+/-3.0 months and 21.0+/-1.0 months for patients with or without extracranial metastases, respectively (p<0.01). Those who received treatment for the primary and mediastinal lymph nodes (22.0+/-1.4 months) survived longer than those who did not (8.0+/-2.5 months) (p<0.001). Overall high local control and high survival rates for the patients suggest that FSRT appears effective and safe in the treatment of patients who present with intracranial metastases as the initial symptom of lung carcinoma. After treatment of intracranial metastases, further therapy for the primary appears to improve survival rates.     

大于3 cm脑转移瘤分次立体定向放疗初探

目的 回顾分析>3 cm脑转移瘤分次立体定向放疗(FSRT)的初步疗效,评价其临床应用价值.方法 搜集2006年前10年间采用FSRT且资料完整的直径>3 cm的脑转移瘤患者47例,其中男34例,女13例,年龄31～87岁(中位值58岁).原发灶病理为腺癌19例,鳞癌7例,小细胞癌7例,腺鳞癌3例,黑色素瘤2例,低分化癌、透明细胞癌、移行细胞癌各1例,病理类型不明6例.初治组26例,复发组21例.脑转移瘤直径3.1～6.0 cm(中位值3.8 cm).计划靶体积2.5～33.8 cm3(中位值9.4 cm3).FSRT总剂量16～68 Gy(中位值31 Gy)分2～15次(中位值5次).原发灶治疗方法 :手术23例,放、化疗22例,未治2例.结果 随访截止2008年4月,随访率为100%,满5年随访的例数为28例.1、2、5年局部控制率分别为49%、44%、44%.中位生存期11.0个月(0.5～88.0个月,95%CI=8.1～13.8个月);1、2、5年总生存率分别为40%、17%、6%.在死亡的46例中,21例死于颅内病变进展,17例死于颅外病变进展,8例死于其他原因.结论 FSRT通过分次治疗、个体化给量、全脑放疗或一程FSRT后推量,能有效控制最大径>3 cm的脑转移瘤、延长生存并改善生活质量.     

大于3 cm脑转移瘤分次立体定向放疗初探

目的 回顾分析>3 cm脑转移瘤分次立体定向放疗(FSRT)的初步疗效,评价其临床应用价值.方法 搜集2006年前10年间采用FSRT且资料完整的直径>3 cm的脑转移瘤患者47例,其中男34例,女13例,年龄31～87岁(中位值58岁).原发灶病理为腺癌19例,鳞癌7例,小细胞癌7例,腺鳞癌3例,黑色素瘤2例,低分化癌、透明细胞癌、移行细胞癌各1例,病理类型不明6例.初治组26例,复发组21例.脑转移瘤直径3.1～6.0 cm(中位值3.8 cm).计划靶体积2.5～33.8 cm3(中位值9.4 cm3).FSRT总剂量16～68 Gy(中位值31 Gy)分2～15次(中位值5次).原发灶治疗方法 :手术23例,放、化疗22例,未治2例.结果 随访截止2008年4月,随访率为100%,满5年随访的例数为28例.1、2、5年局部控制率分别为49%、44%、44%.中位生存期11.0个月(0.5～88.0个月,95%CI=8.1～13.8个月);1、2、5年总生存率分别为40%、17%、6%.在死亡的46例中,21例死于颅内病变进展,17例死于颅外病变进展,8例死于其他原因.结论 FSRT通过分次治疗、个体化给量、全脑放疗或一程FSRT后推量,能有效控制最大径>3 cm的脑转移瘤、延长生存并改善生活质量.     

大于3 cm脑转移瘤分次立体定向放疗初探

目的 回顾分析>3 cm脑转移瘤分次立体定向放疗(FSRT)的初步疗效,评价其临床应用价值.方法 搜集2006年前10年间采用FSRT且资料完整的直径>3 cm的脑转移瘤患者47例,其中男34例,女13例,年龄31～87岁(中位值58岁).原发灶病理为腺癌19例,鳞癌7例,小细胞癌7例,腺鳞癌3例,黑色素瘤2例,低分化癌、透明细胞癌、移行细胞癌各1例,病理类型不明6例.初治组26例,复发组21例.脑转移瘤直径3.1～6.0 cm(中位值3.8 cm).计划靶体积2.5～33.8 cm3(中位值9.4 cm3).FSRT总剂量16～68 Gy(中位值31 Gy)分2～15次(中位值5次).原发灶治疗方法 :手术23例,放、化疗22例,未治2例.结果 随访截止2008年4月,随访率为100%,满5年随访的例数为28例.1、2、5年局部控制率分别为49%、44%、44%.中位生存期11.0个月(0.5～88.0个月,95%CI=8.1～13.8个月);1、2、5年总生存率分别为40%、17%、6%.在死亡的46例中,21例死于颅内病变进展,17例死于颅外病变进展,8例死于其他原因.结论 FSRT通过分次治疗、个体化给量、全脑放疗或一程FSRT后推量,能有效控制最大径>3 cm的脑转移瘤、延长生存并改善生活质量.     

大于3 cm脑转移瘤分次立体定向放疗初探

目的 回顾分析>3 cm脑转移瘤分次立体定向放疗(FSRT)的初步疗效,评价其临床应用价值.方法 搜集2006年前10年间采用FSRT且资料完整的直径>3 cm的脑转移瘤患者47例,其中男34例,女13例,年龄31～87岁(中位值58岁).原发灶病理为腺癌19例,鳞癌7例,小细胞癌7例,腺鳞癌3例,黑色素瘤2例,低分化癌、透明细胞癌、移行细胞癌各1例,病理类型不明6例.初治组26例,复发组21例.脑转移瘤直径3.1～6.0 cm(中位值3.8 cm).计划靶体积2.5～33.8 cm3(中位值9.4 cm3).FSRT总剂量16～68 Gy(中位值31 Gy)分2～15次(中位值5次).原发灶治疗方法 :手术23例,放、化疗22例,未治2例.结果 随访截止2008年4月,随访率为100%,满5年随访的例数为28例.1、2、5年局部控制率分别为49%、44%、44%.中位生存期11.0个月(0.5～88.0个月,95%CI=8.1～13.8个月);1、2、5年总生存率分别为40%、17%、6%.在死亡的46例中,21例死于颅内病变进展,17例死于颅外病变进展,8例死于其他原因.结论 FSRT通过分次治疗、个体化给量、全脑放疗或一程FSRT后推量,能有效控制最大径>3 cm的脑转移瘤、延长生存并改善生活质量.     

大于3 cm脑转移瘤分次立体定向放疗初探

目的 回顾分析>3 cm脑转移瘤分次立体定向放疗(FSRT)的初步疗效,评价其临床应用价值.方法 搜集2006年前10年间采用FSRT且资料完整的直径>3 cm的脑转移瘤患者47例,其中男34例,女13例,年龄31～87岁(中位值58岁).原发灶病理为腺癌19例,鳞癌7例,小细胞癌7例,腺鳞癌3例,黑色素瘤2例,低分化癌、透明细胞癌、移行细胞癌各1例,病理类型不明6例.初治组26例,复发组21例.脑转移瘤直径3.1～6.0 cm(中位值3.8 cm).计划靶体积2.5～33.8 cm3(中位值9.4 cm3).FSRT总剂量16～68 Gy(中位值31 Gy)分2～15次(中位值5次).原发灶治疗方法 :手术23例,放、化疗22例,未治2例.结果 随访截止2008年4月,随访率为100%,满5年随访的例数为28例.1、2、5年局部控制率分别为49%、44%、44%.中位生存期11.0个月(0.5～88.0个月,95%CI=8.1～13.8个月);1、2、5年总生存率分别为40%、17%、6%.在死亡的46例中,21例死于颅内病变进展,17例死于颅外病变进展,8例死于其他原因.结论 FSRT通过分次治疗、个体化给量、全脑放疗或一程FSRT后推量,能有效控制最大径>3 cm的脑转移瘤、延长生存并改善生活质量.     

大于3 cm脑转移瘤分次立体定向放疗初探

目的 回顾分析>3 cm脑转移瘤分次立体定向放疗(FSRT)的初步疗效,评价其临床应用价值.方法 搜集2006年前10年间采用FSRT且资料完整的直径>3 cm的脑转移瘤患者47例,其中男34例,女13例,年龄31～87岁(中位值58岁).原发灶病理为腺癌19例,鳞癌7例,小细胞癌7例,腺鳞癌3例,黑色素瘤2例,低分化癌、透明细胞癌、移行细胞癌各1例,病理类型不明6例.初治组26例,复发组21例.脑转移瘤直径3.1～6.0 cm(中位值3.8 cm).计划靶体积2.5～33.8 cm3(中位值9.4 cm3).FSRT总剂量16～68 Gy(中位值31 Gy)分2～15次(中位值5次).原发灶治疗方法 :手术23例,放、化疗22例,未治2例.结果 随访截止2008年4月,随访率为100%,满5年随访的例数为28例.1、2、5年局部控制率分别为49%、44%、44%.中位生存期11.0个月(0.5～88.0个月,95%CI=8.1～13.8个月);1、2、5年总生存率分别为40%、17%、6%.在死亡的46例中,21例死于颅内病变进展,17例死于颅外病变进展,8例死于其他原因.结论 FSRT通过分次治疗、个体化给量、全脑放疗或一程FSRT后推量,能有效控制最大径>3 cm的脑转移瘤、延长生存并改善生活质量.     

大于3 cm脑转移瘤分次立体定向放疗初探

目的 回顾分析>3 cm脑转移瘤分次立体定向放疗(FSRT)的初步疗效,评价其临床应用价值.方法 搜集2006年前10年间采用FSRT且资料完整的直径>3 cm的脑转移瘤患者47例,其中男34例,女13例,年龄31～87岁(中位值58岁).原发灶病理为腺癌19例,鳞癌7例,小细胞癌7例,腺鳞癌3例,黑色素瘤2例,低分化癌、透明细胞癌、移行细胞癌各1例,病理类型不明6例.初治组26例,复发组21例.脑转移瘤直径3.1～6.0 cm(中位值3.8 cm).计划靶体积2.5～33.8 cm3(中位值9.4 cm3).FSRT总剂量16～68 Gy(中位值31 Gy)分2～15次(中位值5次).原发灶治疗方法 :手术23例,放、化疗22例,未治2例.结果 随访截止2008年4月,随访率为100%,满5年随访的例数为28例.1、2、5年局部控制率分别为49%、44%、44%.中位生存期11.0个月(0.5～88.0个月,95%CI=8.1～13.8个月);1、2、5年总生存率分别为40%、17%、6%.在死亡的46例中,21例死于颅内病变进展,17例死于颅外病变进展,8例死于其他原因.结论 FSRT通过分次治疗、个体化给量、全脑放疗或一程FSRT后推量,能有效控制最大径>3 cm的脑转移瘤、延长生存并改善生活质量.     

大于3 cm脑转移瘤分次立体定向放疗初探

目的 回顾分析>3 cm脑转移瘤分次立体定向放疗(FSRT)的初步疗效,评价其临床应用价值.方法 搜集2006年前10年间采用FSRT且资料完整的直径>3 cm的脑转移瘤患者47例,其中男34例,女13例,年龄31～87岁(中位值58岁).原发灶病理为腺癌19例,鳞癌7例,小细胞癌7例,腺鳞癌3例,黑色素瘤2例,低分化癌、透明细胞癌、移行细胞癌各1例,病理类型不明6例.初治组26例,复发组21例.脑转移瘤直径3.1～6.0 cm(中位值3.8 cm).计划靶体积2.5～33.8 cm3(中位值9.4 cm3).FSRT总剂量16～68 Gy(中位值31 Gy)分2～15次(中位值5次).原发灶治疗方法 :手术23例,放、化疗22例,未治2例.结果 随访截止2008年4月,随访率为100%,满5年随访的例数为28例.1、2、5年局部控制率分别为49%、44%、44%.中位生存期11.0个月(0.5～88.0个月,95%CI=8.1～13.8个月);1、2、5年总生存率分别为40%、17%、6%.在死亡的46例中,21例死于颅内病变进展,17例死于颅外病变进展,8例死于其他原因.结论 FSRT通过分次治疗、个体化给量、全脑放疗或一程FSRT后推量,能有效控制最大径>3 cm的脑转移瘤、延长生存并改善生活质量.     

大于3 cm脑转移瘤分次立体定向放疗初探

目的 回顾分析>3 cm脑转移瘤分次立体定向放疗(FSRT)的初步疗效,评价其临床应用价值.方法 搜集2006年前10年间采用FSRT且资料完整的直径>3 cm的脑转移瘤患者47例,其中男34例,女13例,年龄31～87岁(中位值58岁).原发灶病理为腺癌19例,鳞癌7例,小细胞癌7例,腺鳞癌3例,黑色素瘤2例,低分化癌、透明细胞癌、移行细胞癌各1例,病理类型不明6例.初治组26例,复发组21例.脑转移瘤直径3.1～6.0 cm(中位值3.8 cm).计划靶体积2.5～33.8 cm3(中位值9.4 cm3).FSRT总剂量16～68 Gy(中位值31 Gy)分2～15次(中位值5次).原发灶治疗方法 :手术23例,放、化疗22例,未治2例.结果 随访截止2008年4月,随访率为100%,满5年随访的例数为28例.1、2、5年局部控制率分别为49%、44%、44%.中位生存期11.0个月(0.5～88.0个月,95%CI=8.1～13.8个月);1、2、5年总生存率分别为40%、17%、6%.在死亡的46例中,21例死于颅内病变进展,17例死于颅外病变进展,8例死于其他原因.结论 FSRT通过分次治疗、个体化给量、全脑放疗或一程FSRT后推量,能有效控制最大径>3 cm的脑转移瘤、延长生存并改善生活质量.     

Achievement of long-term local control in patients with craniopharyngiomas using high precision stereotactic radiotherapy

BACKGROUND: The long-term outcome in patients with craniopharyngiomas treated with fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT) was evaluated. METHODS: A total of 40 patients with craniopharyngiomas were treated between May 1989 and July 2006 with FSRT. Most patients were treated for tumor progression after surgery. A median target dose of 52.2 grays (Gy) (range, 50.4-56 Gy) was applied in a median conventional fractionation of 5 x 1.8 Gy per week. Follow-up examinations included thorough clinical assessment as well as contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging scans. RESULTS: After a median follow-up of 98 months (range, 3-326 months), local control was 100% at both 5 years and 10 years. Overall survival rates at 5 years and 10 years were 97% and 89%, respectively. A complete response was observed in 4 patients and partial responses were noted in 25 patients. Eleven patients presented with stable disease during follow-up. Acute toxicity was mild in all patients. Long-term toxicity included enlargement of cysts requiring drainage 3 months after FSRT. No visual impairment, radionecrosis, or development of secondary malignancies were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The long-term outcome of FSRT for craniopharyngiomas is excellent with regard to local control as well as treatment-related side effects.     

大于3 cm脑转移瘤分次立体定向放疗初探

目的 回顾分析>3 cm脑转移瘤分次立体定向放疗(FSRT)的初步疗效,评价其临床应用价值.方法 搜集2006年前10年间采用FSRT且资料完整的直径>3 cm的脑转移瘤患者47例,其中男34例,女13例,年龄31～87岁(中位值58岁).原发灶病理为腺癌19例,鳞癌7例,小细胞癌7例,腺鳞癌3例,黑色素瘤2例,低分化癌、透明细胞癌、移行细胞癌各1例,病理类型不明6例.初治组26例,复发组21例.脑转移瘤直径3.1～6.0 cm(中位值3.8 cm).计划靶体积2.5～33.8 cm3(中位值9.4 cm3).FSRT总剂量16～68 Gy(中位值31 Gy)分2～15次(中位值5次).原发灶治疗方法 :手术23例,放、化疗22例,未治2例.结果 随访截止2008年4月,随访率为100%,满5年随访的例数为28例.1、2、5年局部控制率分别为49%、44%、44%.中位生存期11.0个月(0.5～88.0个月,95%CI=8.1～13.8个月);1、2、5年总生存率分别为40%、17%、6%.在死亡的46例中,21例死于颅内病变进展,17例死于颅外病变进展,8例死于其他原因.结论 FSRT通过分次治疗、个体化给量、全脑放疗或一程FSRT后推量,能有效控制最大径>3 cm的脑转移瘤、延长生存并改善生活质量.     

大于3 cm脑转移瘤分次立体定向放疗初探

目的 回顾分析>3 cm脑转移瘤分次立体定向放疗(FSRT)的初步疗效,评价其临床应用价值.方法 搜集2006年前10年间采用FSRT且资料完整的直径>3 cm的脑转移瘤患者47例,其中男34例,女13例,年龄31～87岁(中位值58岁).原发灶病理为腺癌19例,鳞癌7例,小细胞癌7例,腺鳞癌3例,黑色素瘤2例,低分化癌、透明细胞癌、移行细胞癌各1例,病理类型不明6例.初治组26例,复发组21例.脑转移瘤直径3.1～6.0 cm(中位值3.8 cm).计划靶体积2.5～33.8 cm3(中位值9.4 cm3).FSRT总剂量16～68 Gy(中位值31 Gy)分2～15次(中位值5次).原发灶治疗方法 :手术23例,放、化疗22例,未治2例.结果 随访截止2008年4月,随访率为100%,满5年随访的例数为28例.1、2、5年局部控制率分别为49%、44%、44%.中位生存期11.0个月(0.5～88.0个月,95%CI=8.1～13.8个月);1、2、5年总生存率分别为40%、17%、6%.在死亡的46例中,21例死于颅内病变进展,17例死于颅外病变进展,8例死于其他原因.结论 FSRT通过分次治疗、个体化给量、全脑放疗或一程FSRT后推量,能有效控制最大径>3 cm的脑转移瘤、延长生存并改善生活质量.