毛细管气相色谱法测定韭菜中拟除虫菊酯类农药残留

应用柱层析净化技术和毛细管气相色谱法,并采取程序升温模式和不分流进样方式在μ-ECD检测器上同时测定韭菜样品中五种拟除虫菊酯类农药的残留组分.测定结果表明:五种拟除虫菊酯类农药分离效果较好,其线性范围较宽,并在此浓度范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系;同时方法的最小检测限低于1.00 ug/L(0.214 ug/L～0.904 ug/L),相对标准偏差均小于10%(2.48%～8.05%),其加标回收率在86.26%～102.64%之间.研究建立的方法简便、快速、经济,具有良好的灵敏度、精密度和准确度,可以满足韭菜样品中拟除虫菊酯类农药的残留检测要求,同时对其他蔬菜中拟除虫菊酯类农药的残留分析具有一定的参考价值.     

牛奶中有机氯农药及拟除虫菊酯农药多残留的HS-SPME-GC-MS分析方法研究

目的 建立牛奶中有机氯农药和拟除虫菊酯类农药的快速多残留测定方法.方法 以顶空固相微萃取作为前处理手段,采用气相色谱-质谱联用方法测定牛奶样品中31种农药组分（其中有机氯农药23种,拟除虫菊酯类农药8种）,并以13C6-六氯苯和13C10-灭蚁灵作为稳定的同位素内标物,采用内标法定量.结果 方法的最低检测限在0.002～0.2μg/L之间,回收率在85%～110%之间.相对标准差在3%～12%之间.结论 该方法快速、简单、准确、可靠、环保.适用于批量牛奶样品中农药残留的筛查.     

GC-MS法测定罗汉果中拟除虫菊酯农药残留量

建立气质联用(Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)测定罗汉果中6种拟除虫菊酯类农药的残留量方法。样品用石油醚-丙酮混合溶剂超声提后过固相萃取小柱净化,经HP-5MS色谱柱分离,以气相色谱质谱法进行检测,用外标法计算含量。结果表明:6种拟除虫菊酯类农药在0.1μg/mL~1.0μg/mL范围内呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.999 1~0.999 9,检出限为0.139μg/kg~5.262μg/kg。样品中3个加标水平的回收率为83.5%~106.1%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.9%~6.5%。本试验所建立的方法操作简便,具有良好的回收率,精密度和灵敏度,符合检测要求,可用于罗汉果中6种拟除虫菊酯类农药残留的测定。     

微波辅助萃取-气相色谱法测定茶叶中多种有机氯和拟除虫菊酯农药残留

建立了茶叶中18种有机氯和9种拟除虫菊酯农药残留微波辅助萃取．气相色谱分析方法。运用正交设计法对微波萃取条件进行了优化,茶叶样品用正己烷-二氯甲烷混合溶N（1：2,V／V）进行萃取,萃取液用弗罗里硅土和中性氧化铝混合层析柱净化,采用J＆WDB-1701毛细管柱分离,GC．ECD法同时测定。在0．4、0．2、0．1ml（0．5μg／m1有机氯农药＋1．0μg／ml拟除虫菊酯农药）三个水平添加时的平均回收率（n=5）分别为80．9％～118．5％、88．4％～120．7％、80．9％～116．3％;相对标准偏差分别为2．09％～6．70％、1．89％～6．49％、1．98％～11．87％。该方法的检出限为：有机氯农药0．0004～0．0048mg／kg,拟除虫菊酯农药0．0033～0．0400mg／kg。     

固相萃取结合气相色谱法测定茶叶中三氯杀螨醇和拟除虫菊酯类农药残留

目的建立茶叶中三氯杀螨醇和7种拟除虫菊酯类农药的检测方法。方法以丙酮作为提取溶剂,提取液经石墨碳黑/氨基(Carbon/NH2)固相萃取小柱净化后,用DB-5毛细管柱分离,采用气相色谱-电子捕获检测器(GC-ECD)进行测定。结果三氯杀螨醇和拟除虫菊酯类农药在20～800μg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数(r)均在0.998以上,最低检出限为0.23～1.38μg/kg,样品的加标回收率在88.5%～106.4%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)在2.5%～10.7%之间。结论本方法净化效果好、灵敏度高、重现性好,可用于茶叶样品中三氯杀螨醇和拟除虫菊酯类农药残留量的检测。     

葡萄酒中17种残留农药的固相萃取-气相色谱/负化学离子源质谱测定方法研究

建立了葡萄酒中17种残留杀虫剂和杀菌剂的气相色谱～负化学离子源质谱（GC—NCI／MS）测定方法。采用C18。固相萃取小柱对葡萄酒中的残留农药进行富集,进一步完成萃取和净化,农药经乙酸乙酯洗脱后供GC—NCI／MS测定,采用基质匹配标准溶液外标法定量。验证实验表明,各农药在10-200μg／L浓度范围内线性关系良好,该方法定量检测限（S／N〉10）为5-20μg/L,在20μg,L和50μg／L处的加标回收率为70．1％-119．0％,相对标准偏差为3．5％-9．4％。该方法前处理简便快速,所采用的检测技术选择性和灵敏度高,适合葡萄酒中残留农药的测定．应用前景广阔。     

气相色谱法测定茶叶中菊酯类农药残留量

为了建立一种气相色谱法测定茶叶中拟除虫菊酯类农药残留的分析方法。采用气相色谱法-电子捕获检测器对6种拟除虫菊酯类农药残留量进行检测。发现6种拟除虫菊酯类农药分离效果较好,峰高与浓度呈良好的线性关系(R≥0.9948),该法检出限为0.005~0.02mg/kg,样品加标回收率为79.6%~118.5%。证明其方法简单,净化效果好,精密度好、回收率高,能够满足茶叶中拟除虫菊酯类农药测定的要求。     

UPLC-MS／MS法测定大米中9种硫代氨基甲酸酯类农药残留

本文建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱（UPLC-MS/MS）检测大米中9种硫玳禽基甲酸酯类农药残留的方法。9种硫代氨基甲酸酯类农药在1．0-100岭／L范围内线性良好,相关系数为0．9966-0．9993,定量限小于0．5μg／L;9种目标物的回收率为76．0％-120．0％,相对标准偏差为2．2％19．6％。该方法准确、灵敏、快速,可满足大米中9种氨基甲酸酯类农药残留量的检测需要,该研究对食品安全及风险预警具有一定参考意义。     

气相色谱-质谱联用法测定糙米中9种拟除虫菊酯的残留

目的建立气相色谱-质谱联用法测定糙米中9种拟除虫菊酯类农药多残留分析方法。方法样品经乙腈提取,C18固相萃取柱净化,采用气相色谱-质谱串联法进行测定。结果 9种农药均在18 min之内流出,相关系数r在0.99以上,回收率均为79.9%~122.8%之间,重现性良好,相对标准偏差在11%以内。结论本方法可以简便快捷地一次性检测出糙米中9种拟除虫菊酯类农药残留,较实用于日常大批量样品的检测。     

固相萃取-毛细管气相色谱法同时测定黄瓜中23种有机氯和拟除虫菊酯类农药残留量

目的：建立了蔬菜中23种有机氯类和拟除虫菊酯类的固相萃取·毛细管气相色谱（SPE-CGC）分析方法。方法：样品以正己烷为提取剂，采用超声波提取黄瓜样品，然后用Florisil固相萃取小柱净化提取物a采用DB35MS弹性石英毛细管气相色谱柱分离样品，电子捕获检测器检测。结果：23种农药在25min内很好地分离；样品加标回收率（n=3）为76．0％-110．1％，相对标准偏差0．81％-3．28％。最低检出限范围为0．03-2．06μg／kg。结论：该方法的涮审结果满足名砖留农砖的柃涮兽求。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Influence des ions sur le pouvoir hydratant de l'ure e: e tude sur peau de porc ex vivo

This study deals with the influence of ions (NaCl and MgSO4) in a W/O emulsion containing 10% urea. Moisturization kinetics are assessed by corneometry on pig skin ex vivo. The formula's influence on urea penetration is measured by infrared spectrometry with an ATR device and the stripping method. Corneometry and spectroscopy were chosen to record simultaneously the hydratation levels and urea localization into superficial cell layers. Urea crystallization after evaporation of emulsions and aqueous solutions is described. Results show that urea does not hydrate nor penetrate when applied to the skin through an aqueous gel. In a W/O emulsion, sodium chloride increases the ability of urea to moisturize without improving penetration. In vitro urea crystallization is disturbed by sodium chloride or magnesium sulphate for solutions and emulsions. This stabilization by ions is correlated with good moisturization values. The stabilization of urea in the solute state provided by ions increases its water epidermal binding capacity without enhancing penetration.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.