近红外光谱分析技术进展及其在烟草行业中的应用

对国内外近红外光谱的发展现状、分析技术特点、分析仪器、近红外光谱中常使用的化学计量学方法以及近年来近红外光谱在烟草行业中的应用等几个方面进行了较详细的综述,认为近红外光谱与其他方法相比具有简便、快速、无污染、样品无需处理、适合在线分析等独特优点,值得在烟草行业中推广应用.     

红外光谱技术在葡萄及葡萄酒分析中的应用

红外光谱技术可以减化葡萄与葡萄酒的分析步骤,减少分析时间,其与化学计量学结合还具有同时测定几种成分和分类鉴别的能力.红外光谱技术在葡萄酒中的应用包括近红外和中红外区域.文中综述了近红外和中红外技术结合化学计量学分析葡萄与葡萄酒的质量,讨论了葡萄原料监测、葡萄酒成分、分类鉴别、红葡萄酒发酵过程酚类化合物的监测等方面的应用.     

近红外光谱技术在乳制品快速检测中的应用研究进展

近红外光谱（NIR）技术作为一种高效、快速、便捷、低成本、无污染的检测方法,在乳制品快速检测中具有广泛的应用。该文首先阐述了近红外光谱技术的原理,并探讨了其优缺点,列举了常用的化学计量学方法,综述了近红外光谱技术应用于乳制品中掺假识别、微生物快速检测、化学成分快速检测、快速鉴定牛奶品牌等方面的最新研究进展和成果,为近红外光谱技术在乳制品快速检测中的应用推广提供参考。     

近红外光谱技术在稻米品质分析中的应用

介绍了近红外光谱分析技术的原理、特点和分析程序,综述了近红外光谱分析技术在稻米品质分析中的应用,对近红外光谱分析技术的应用前景进行了展望.     

近红外光谱技术及其在液态食品上应用的研究进展

近年来,近红外光谱技术在生产及生活的各个方面都得到了广泛运用,在运用各种科学的化学计量方法的基础上,在对于各种液态产品进行检测的过程中发挥了巨大的作用。因为近红外光谱技术所具有的快速检测等优点,近年来在食品安全检测方面实现了广泛的应用与推广。在掌握近红外光谱技术相关理论的基础之上,将会实现对于各种液态产品的有效检测,对于解决众多的食品安全问题具有极大的现实意义。     

近红外光谱结合化学计量学方法在油脂检测中的应用

近红外光谱结合化学计量学技术由其独特的技术优势在油脂掺假分析领域已取得广泛应用。本文主要对近红外光谱结合化学计量学技术的原理及特点进行论述,并综述了近年来在油脂定性及定量分析方法中应用较为广泛、实用性较强的化学计量学方法,即聚类分析、主成分分析、支持向量机、人工神经网络、主成分回归以及偏最小二乘法结合近红外光谱在油脂掺假分析中的应用,并展望了该技术的发展前景。     

近红外光谱技术在食品成分检测中的研究进展

近红外光谱技术作为一种快速、高精度、无损、无污染的分析技术,已被广泛应用于食品成分检测领域。近红外光谱技术结合化学计量学方法,可对食品中的蛋白质、糖类、脂肪等成分进行快速检测,对食品质量控制有着重要意义。文章综述了近红外光谱技术在食品成分检测中的应用现状,并对其今后的发展进行了展望。     

近红外光谱分析技术在粮油品质评价中的研究应用进展

近红外光谱分析技术于20世纪60年代率先应用于美国农业领域,随着计算机技术的普及和化学计量学的发展,近年来国内也广泛应用到各个领域,在粮油收购过程中对质量的检控就应用了近红外光谱分析技术。简述近红外光谱分析技术的基本原理和操作流程,重点综述近年来近红外光谱分析技术在粮油品质评价方面的具体应用,分析其存在的不足,并展望其在粮油领域中的应用前景。     

中/近红外光谱技术结合化学计量学在蜂蜜快速检测中的应用研究进展

综述近10年来国内外中/近红外光谱技术结合化学计量学方法在蜂蜜品质、品种、掺假、产地和品牌快速检测中的应用研究进展,指出蜂蜜中/近红外光谱快速检测中存在的问题,并提出今后的研究方向.     

近红外光谱技术在食品掺伪检测应用中的研究进展

近年来,我国食品掺伪现象严重。目前一些常用的食品掺伪检测方法费时费力,需要消耗大量的化学试剂。近红外光谱技术能够实现快速、无损、在线的食品掺伪检测。本文综述近红外光谱技术在食用油、牛奶、蜂蜜、饮料等液态食品和肉制品、奶粉、茶叶、小麦粉等固态食品掺伪检测应用中的研究进展,同时分析近红外光谱技术在掺伪检测中的局限性以及存在问题,并对今后的进一步研究提出展望。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.