银耳多糖对淀粉消化酶的抑制作用及其机理研究

目的:研究银耳多糖对胰α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用及机制。方法:以干银耳为原料,分别采用碱法提取、酶法脱蛋白和柱层析分离,得到总糖含量为92.45%的银耳多糖（Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide,TP）,采用可见光分光光度法分析了TP对胰α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用,采用荧光光谱法和圆二色谱法表征了TP对该两种酶结构的影响。结果:TP能抑制该两种酶的活性,其对胰α-淀粉酶的抑制作用明显高于α-葡萄糖苷酶,对该两种酶的半抑制浓度（IC₅₀）分别为7.6835和16.9306 mg/mL。TP通过与该两种淀粉消化酶发生相互作用抑制其活性。TP与胰α-淀粉酶相互作用明显,可静态猝灭此酶,改变其二级结构;TP与α-葡萄糖苷酶相互作用微弱,不能改变其二级结构。结论:TP通过与淀粉消化酶发生相互作用抑制其活性。     

黑豆皮多酚提取物体外对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖 苷酶活性的影响

目的以小麦粉、大米粉、小米粉、玉米粉4种常食用谷物和4-硝基酚-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(4-Nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside,p NPG)为底物,研究在不同底物下不同浓度黑豆皮多酚提取物对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶活性的影响,同时探明其对酶的抑制动力学。方法采用大孔树脂纯化黑豆皮提取物,Folin-Ciocalteu比色法测定多酚含量,分光光度法测其抑制率,多重比较分析不同底物及不同浓度提取物的差异。结果提取物溶液浓度与抑制作用呈量效关系:当抑制剂浓度为0.25、0.5、1、2 mg/mL时谷物类底物间抑制率存在显著差异(P0.05),4、6 mg/mL时差异不显著;经纯化后多酚含量(78.3%)较纯化之前(39.5%)显著提高,同时其对酶抑制作用较纯化之前显著增强;动力学分析结果表明黑豆皮多酚提取物对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶两种酶的抑制类型分别为竞争性抑制和非竞争性抑制类型。结论黑豆皮多酚提取物在体外对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶均具有较强的活性抑制作用。     

红松松球鳞片多酚对α淀粉酶和α葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用

本文研究了红松松球鳞片多酚对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用,并采用Lineweaver-Burk双倒数法分析了其动力学性质。结果表明,红松松球鳞片多酚对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用略弱于阳性对照阿卡波糖,二者的半数抑制浓度分别为713.94μg/m L和623.73μg/m L;对α-淀粉酶的抑制作用明显不及阳性对照阿卡波糖,二者的半数抑制浓度分别为1902.91μg/m L和865.96μg/m L。动力学分析结果显示红松松球鳞片多酚对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用均为非竞争性抑制类型。     

栀子黄对淀粉消化酶的抑制动力学及相互作用研究

淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶是淀粉消化关键酶,也是治疗Ⅱ型糖尿病的关键酶。利用酶抑制动力学和荧光光谱技术研究栀子黄对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制活性及其互作机制。结果表明,栀子黄以竞争性方式抑制α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶,其缔合常数Kic分别为1.47 mg/mL和0.58 mg/mL。荧光光谱表明:栀子黄对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶的内源荧光有较强的猝灭能力,通过Stern-Volmer方程得到栀子黄对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶的猝灭是以静态猝灭为主的混合型猝灭。焓和熵的变化表明:栀子黄与葡萄糖苷酶的结合主要由范德华力和疏水相互作用驱动,结合距离分别为4.77nm和5.19 nm。同步荧光表明,栀子黄与α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶的结合引起酶的重排和构象变化,从而引起酪氨酸残基或/和色氨酸残基的变化。     

芹菜素-8-C-葡萄糖苷对淀粉消化酶抑制作用机制

采用酶活动力学、荧光光谱、圆二色谱和分子对接等技术系统探究芹菜素-8-C-葡萄糖苷对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶活性调控效果及机制。结果显示,芹菜素-8-C-葡萄糖苷对α-葡萄糖苷酶有良好的抑制效果,IC50值为293.5 mg/L,抑制类型为非竞争性抑制。但对α-淀粉酶无显著抑制效果。荧光光谱结果表明芹菜素-8-C-葡萄糖苷可作为猝灭剂分子与α-葡萄糖苷酶结合,发生静态猝灭,改变酶蛋白氨基酸疏水环境。圆二色谱则显示芹菜素-8-C-葡萄糖苷和α-葡萄糖苷酶之间的相互作用使酶分子的二级结构变得松散,α-螺旋和β-转角下降。分子对接结果进一步证实芹菜素-8-C-葡萄糖苷和α-葡萄糖苷酶之间作用力主要为氢键,最低结合能为-7.2 kcal/mol。本研究揭示了芹菜素-8-C-葡萄糖苷对淀粉消化酶尤其是α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用机制,为未来将芹菜素-8-C-葡萄糖苷作为健康食品辅料或药物开发提供一定理论基础。     

水果酵素体外抗氧化及抑制α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶活性的研究

为明确水果酵素在自然发酵过程中体外抗氧化活性和对α-淀粉酶、α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用,以DPPH自由基清除能力和ABTS自由基清除能力为指标,研究酵素的抗氧化活性;以可溶性淀粉和4-硝基苯基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(PNPG)为底物测定酵素对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用。试验结果表明,酵素在发酵结束后DPPH自由基清除率和ABTS自由基清除率分别达到87.19%和100.00%;对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制率分别达到99.57%和81.67%。酵素对DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基的清除作用和对α-淀粉酶、α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用明显,表明具有较好的抗氧化活性和降血糖潜力。     

柚皮素对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用及其机制

为研究柚皮素对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用,本文采用酶动力学、荧光光谱和分子对接等方法研究了柚皮素对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制效果、抑制作用类型及其抑制作用的分子机制。柚皮素对α-葡萄糖苷酶的IC₅₀为0.174 mmol/L,显著低于阿卡波糖的0.721 mmol/L,为非竞争型抑制剂,K_i值为0.114 mmol/L;柚皮素和α-葡萄糖苷酶的结合导致了酶分子的内在荧光静态猝灭,猝灭常数为0.1598×104 L/mol,结合位点数n为1。分子对接结果显示,在氢键、离子键、疏水作用、π-π T型堆积、静电作用五种作用力的驱动下,柚皮素结合于α-葡萄糖苷酶分子的一个疏水口袋中,结合能为?7.6 kJ/mol。本文研究结果表明,柚皮素是一种较好的食源性α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂,在辅助治疗糖尿病功能食品中具有良好的应用前景。     

槐花多酚降糖作用的研究

文章研究了槐花多酚对α-淀粉酶及α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用。实验测定了槐花醇提取物中多酚含量,考察了槐花多酚对α-淀粉酶及α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用及抑制作用类型。结果显示,槐花醇提物中多酚含量为18.271μg/g,高于水提物;槐花多酚对这2种酶都具有一定的抑制作用,槐花多酚对α-淀粉酶活性最大抑制率仅为47.20%,槐花多酚对α-葡萄糖苷酶活性最大抑制率可达81.32%,其IC_(50)为9.16 mg/L。动力学分析结果显示,低浓度和高浓度的槐花多酚对α-淀粉酶及α-葡萄糖苷酶活性抑制均为混合性抑制。     

芫花素对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用

为研究芫花素对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用及其机理，本文以芫花素为研究对象，运用紫外光谱法和荧光光谱法测定了芫花素对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用，主要包括抑制活性、抑制类型和荧光猝灭特性。结果显示:芫花素对α-葡萄糖苷酶有显著的抑制作用，该抑制类型为竞争性抑制，芫花素与α-葡萄糖苷酶主要通过氢键和范德华力的作用自发地结合，其结合位点数在温度291和310 K时分别约为2.8和2.2。芫花素和α-葡萄糖苷酶复合物的形成使得α-葡萄糖苷酶的荧光产生静态猝灭，最终导致芫花素对α-葡萄糖苷酶产生抑制作用。     

芡种皮多酚提取物体外抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶活性研究

通过体外实验研究了芡种皮多酚提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶活性的影响,并考察了其对α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶的抑制动力学,研究结果显示:芡种皮多酚提取物在体外具有较强的抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶的作用(IC50分别相当于生药浓度0.08 mg/m L和0.30 mg/m L),其抑制作用与浓度之间存在量效关系,二者的抑制类型均为可逆性的竞争性抑制剂。因此,芡种皮具有开发成辅助降糖的保健食品或药品的潜力,有很大的利用价值。     

Biological activity of rice extract and the inhibition potential of rice extract,rice volatile compounds and their combination against α-glucosidase, α-amylase and tyrosinase

Rice is produced for consumption and traditional medicine. Rice is also used as an ingredient in cosmetic products. In this study, the author investigated the biological activity and inhibition potential against α-glucosidase, α-amylase and tyrosinase activity of rice extract (black rice [BR], red rice [RR] and white rice [WR]), rice volatile compounds, rice extract combined with volatile compounds, rice extract combined with standard inhibitors and volatile compounds combined with standard inhibitors. The results revealed that the free-radical scavenging capacity of rice extract is related to the phenolic content and flavonoids. BR showed the highest potential to inhibit α-glucosidase and α-amylase activity, whereas WR showed the highest potential to inhibit tyrosinase activity. Among rice volatile compounds, vanillin and vanillyl alcohol had the highest inhibition potential against α-glucosidase and α-amylase, respectively, whereas guaiacol had the highest inhibitory activity against tyrosinase. Molecular docking supported by the high binding efficiency was also obtained from vanillin and guaiacol when located at the active site of these enzymes. The combination of RR with acarbose (AB) had the highest inhibition potential and showed a synergic effect on both α-glucosidase and α-amylase. Interestingly, the combination of rice extract (BR, RR and WR) and vanillin and vanillyl alcohol had a synergic effect on α-amylase. Moreover, the combination of WR and vanillyl alcohol had the highest inhibition potential and showed a synergic effect on tyrosinase, whereas rice volatile compounds had a synergic effect on tyrosinase obtained from 2-pentylfuran/kojic acid (KA), vanillin/KA and vanillyl alcohol/KA.     

茶多酚对α-淀粉酶的抑制作用及分子机理

探究茶多酚对α-淀粉酶的抑制特性并分析其分子作用机制.采用抑制动力学的方法评价茶多酚对α-淀粉酶的抑制作用;通过荧光色谱法及圆二色谱法观察荼多酚对α-淀粉酶空间结构和稳定性的影响;利用分子对接技术,探究茶多酚与α-淀粉酶之间的分子相互作用.结果 表明,茶多酚对于α-淀粉酶的活性具有明显的抑制作用,竞争类型为非竞争性抑制...     

Inhibitory properties of polyphenols in Malus “Winter Red” crabapple fruit on α-glucosidase and α-amylase using improved methods

To explore the inhibitory activity of polyphenols on α-glucosidase and α-amylase, 16 polyphenols were isolated, identified, and quantified in an edible Malus “Winter Red” crabapple fruit. The limitations of two traditional methods for α-glucosidase and α-amylase activity assay in vitro were assayed. An improved method based on an HPLC assay for α-glucosidase and a colorimetric method coupled with a custom-made mini-column for α-amylase were established. Compared with positive controls, acarbose and miglito, most polyphenols, especially the four aglycones (cyanidin, quercetin, phloretin, and 3-hydroxyphloretin) showed higher inhibition rates on α-glucosidase. None of the polyphenols showed higher inhibition rates on α-amylase than acarbose, but most, especially the four aglycones, showed higher inhibition rates on α-amylase than miglito. The Malus Winter Red fruit has great potential for postprandial blood glucose management as a potential diet therapy for diabetic patients.     

Seasonal influence on phenolic-mediated antihyperglycemic properties of Canadian sugar and red maple leaves using in vitro assay models

Red and sugar maple leaves collected in the summer and fall from Canada, were evaluated for phenolic content, antioxidant, α-glucosidase, and α-amylase inhibitory activities variation. The phenolic contents of summer red maple leaves (RML-S) and summer sugar maple leaves (SML-S) were higher than red and sugar maple leaves collected in fall (RML-F and SML-F, respectively). HPLC analyses showed differences in phenolic compounds present in the SML samples compared to the RML samples. The extracts were assayed for yeast and rat α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Both results showed that SML-S extracts had the highest inhibitory activity which could possibly be attributed to the unique phenolics present therein. Milder effects were observed in terms of α-amylase inhibitory activity, with RML-F having the highest inhibitory activity. These results suggest that maple tree leaf extracts may have potential for phenolic-mediated α-glucosidase inhibition, relevant to type 2 diabetes management, with SML-S extract having the highest bioactivity.     

没食子酸及其衍生物对α-淀粉酶作用机制研究

实验采用碘-淀粉比色法研究没食子酸及其衍生物对α-淀粉酶的影响,结果显示:没食子酸和焦性没食子酸对α-淀粉酶具有明显的促进作用,而没食子酸酚羟基被甲基化后对α-淀粉酶的作用消失,说明酚羟基起到关键作用。当把没食子酸换成水杨酸后,对α-淀粉酶的作用由原来的促进变为抑制,说明没食子酸的三个酚羟基是缺一不可的。在探讨作用机制时发现,没食子酸的三个酚羟基可能是与α-淀粉酶三个催化所必需的酸性氨基酸残基形成稳定氢键、从而起到促进作用,而只有一个羟基的水杨酸与α-淀粉酶形成单键,可以旋转,不利于稳定α-淀粉酶的构象,从而起到抑制作用。根据本实验结果及大量文献资料可以得出以下结论:绝大多数具有酚羟基的化合物都能影响α-淀粉酶的活性,并且其作用机制都可能是通过与α-淀粉酶催化所必需的三个酸性氨基酸残基相结合来实现,其中只有一个酚羟基类的化合物可能只起到抑制作用。     

The α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory effects of Irish seaweed extracts

To date, numerous studies have reported on the antidiabetic properties of various plant extracts through inhibition of carbohydrate-hydrolysing enzymes. The objective of this research was to evaluate extracts of seaweeds for α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory effects. Cold water and ethanol extracts of 15 seaweeds were initially screened and from this, five brown seaweed species were chosen. The cold water and ethanol extracts of Ascophyllum nodosum had the strongest α-amylase inhibitory effect with IC₅₀ values of 53.6 and 44.7 μg/ml, respectively. Moreover, the extracts of Fucus vesiculosus Linnaeus were found to be potent inhibitors of α-glucosidase with IC₅₀ values of 0.32 and 0.49 μg/ml. The observed effects were associated with the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the extracts, and the concentrations used were below cytotoxic levels. Overall, our findings suggest that brown seaweed extracts may limit the release of simple sugars from the gut and thereby alleviate postprandial hyperglycaemia.     

Is There Consistency between the Binding Affinity and Inhibitory Potential of Natural Polyphenols as α-amylase Inhibitors?

The inhibitory potential of natural polyphenols for α-amylases has attracted great interests among researchers. The structure–affinity properties of natural polyphenols binding to α-amylase and the structure–activity relationship of dietary polyphenols inhibiting α-amylase were deeply investigated. There is a lack of consistency between the structure-affinity relationship and the structure-activity relationship of natural polyphenols as α-amylase inhibitors. Is it consistent between the binding affinity and inhibitory potential of natural polyphenols as with α-amylase inhibitors? It was found that the consistency between the binding affinity and inhibitory potential of natural polyphenols as with α-amylase inhibitors is not equivocal. For example, there is no consistency between the binding affinity and the inhibitory potential of quercetin and its glycosides as α-amylase inhibitors. However, catechins with higher α-amylase inhibitory potential exhibited higher affinity with α-amylase.     

花椒果皮多酚类成分鉴定及降血糖活性

以花椒果皮为研究对象,通过乙醇提取得到花椒果皮粗多酚,再采用分级萃取,依次得到二氯甲烷相（F1）、乙酸乙酯相（F2）、正丁醇相（F3）和水相（F4）,采用超高效液相色谱-电喷雾飞行时间串联质谱法分析其酚类物质组成,通过对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用以及II型糖尿病模型小鼠评价其降糖活性。结果从花椒果皮中共鉴定出20种多酚类化合物,包括9种酚酸及其衍生物和11种黄酮类化合物。各相中总酚、总黄酮及多酚类化合物含量的变化趋势为F2>F3>F4>F1,说明分级萃取对多酚类物质能起到良好的富集作用。花椒果皮多酚对α-葡萄糖苷酶活性有抑制作用,其中F3的抑制率最高可以达到85.86%,且是通过反竞争性抑制的方式抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性,F3中的主要活性成分绿原酸和芦丁与α-葡萄糖苷酶活性的抑制率显著正相关。F3能使糖尿病小鼠的空腹血糖降低64.2%,口服糖耐量降低21.42%,对小鼠的体质量和饮食异常也有一定改善作用。因此花椒果皮多酚有望成为具有预防和治疗糖尿病潜质的活性成分。     

苦荞中芦丁和槲皮素对淀粉消化酶的抑制能力

采用多种光谱技术手段研究苦荞中芦丁和槲皮素对淀粉消化酶的抑制效果和作用机制,及二者联合使用时的抑制效果。结果表明：芦丁和槲皮素对α-淀粉酶的抑制类型均为疏水相互作用力和以氢键为主要驱动力的竞争性抑制,半抑制浓度分别为0.36 mg/mL和0.22 mg/mL;对α-葡萄糖苷酶均为通过氢键结合的混合型抑制,半抑制浓度分别为1.30 mg/mL和0.362 mg/mL。同时,二者均能与α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶结合形成复合物从而抑制酶的活性,且只存在一个（或一类）作用位点;二者按照不同浓度比联合使用均可对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶产生协同抑制的作用,当二者浓度比为7∶1和3.6∶18时,对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶的联合指数分别达到0.20和0.22,苦荞中黄酮对两种消化酶达到最佳协同抑制效果。本研究为进一步阐明黄酮与淀粉消化酶相互作用机制提供一定理论基础,对指导富含黄酮食药同源植物的加工利用具有较高的指导价值,有利于促进苦荞产业的良性循环。