溶血磷脂酸对心脏成纤维细胞增殖和胶原合成的影响

目的：观察溶血磷脂酸（LPA）对体外培养心脏成纤维细胞（CF）的细胞增殖和胶原合成的影响。方法：用消化法培养新生SD大鼠的CF，实验分为四组。对照组（加含5％小牛血清的DMEM培养液），实验组根据不同浓度的LPA又分为10^-6μmol／L组、10^-7μmol／L组和10^-8μmol／L组。用单四唑（MTT）比色法测定细胞增殖，羟脯氨酸碱水解法测定胶原合成，分别观察不同浓度LPA对CF增殖和胶原合成的影响。结果：①随着LPA浓度的升高，MTT比色法吸光度（A490）值呈上升趋势。在药物作用48h后，仅有10^-6μmol／L组A。值较对照组有显著升高（P〈0．05）；作用至72h后，10^-8μmol／L组、10^-7μmol／L组、10^-6μmol／L组A490值均较对照组显著升高（P〈0．05）；作用至96h后，各实验组A。值较对照组均有显著升高（P〈0．05和P〈0．01）。②随着LPA浓度和作用时间的增加，CF分泌的胶原呈递增趋势。LPA作用48h仅10^-6μmol／L组胶原浓度较对照组显著升高（P〈0．01）；作用至72h后，10^-7μmol／L组、10^-8μmol／L组胶原含量较对照组有显著升高（P〈0．05和P〈0．01）；作用至96h，各实验组胶原含量均较对照组有显著升高，10^-6μmol／L组与10^-7μmol／L组、10^-8μmol／L组之间差异亦有显著性意义（P〈0．05）。结论：LPA具有促进SD新生大鼠CF增殖和胶原合成的作用。     

硫化氢下调大鼠血小板L-精氨酸/一氧化氮合酶/一氧化氮通路

目的观察硫化氢（hydrogen sulfide，H2S）对血小板L-精氨酸／一氧化氮合酶／一氧化氮（L-Arg／NOS／NO）通路的影响以探讨H2S和NO这两种气体信号分子间的相互作用。方法离体孵育大鼠血小板，加入H2S气体溶液（10^-6～10^-3mol／L）孵育2h，采用Greiss法测定血小板孵育液亚硝酸盐（NO2^-）含量；同位素示踪法检测血小板NOS活性及L-Arg转运。结果一次性给予H2S（10^-3～10^-3mol／L）孵育2h，呈浓度依赖的抑制了L-Arg／NO通路，血小板孵育液中NO2^-含量比对照组分别降低6％、11％（均P〉0.05）、24％、36％和52％（均P〈0．01）；NOS活性分别下降1％、14％（P〉0.05）、25％、37％和42％（P〈0.01）；L-Arg转运分别减少12％（P〉0．05）到72％（P〈0.01）；IC50分别为53、02、41．63及21、53μmol／L（P〈0.01）。结论H2S通过抑制血小板L-Arg转运和NOS活性，下调L-Arg／NOS／NO通路，从而减少血小板NO生成。     

束缚应激抑制大鼠血小板L-精氨酸转运

目的观察束缚应激7h对大鼠血小板L-精氨酸／一氧化氮（L—Arg／NO）通路的影响，并探讨其影响机制。方法制备大鼠束缚-浸水（water immersion restraint，WIR）应激7h模型，采用Greiss法测定血小板孵育液中亚硝酸盐（NO2^-）含量；同位素示踪法检测血小板一氧化氮合酶（NOS）活性及L—Arg转运。结果WIR应激组较对照组血小板NOS活性降低45％；L—Arg最大转运速率（Vmax）减少30％，Km增加38％（P〈0．01），转运效率（Vmax／Km）减少50％（P〈0．05）；孵育液N02^-含量减少53％（P〈0．01）；胃溃疡出现。结论WIR应激损伤血小板L—Arg／NO通路，抑制血小板L—Arg转运和NOS活性，减少血小板NO生成。     

丁酸钠对甲基硝基亚硝基胍所致胃粘膜上皮细胞非程序DNA合成、脂质过氧化和ras p21表达的影响

目的 观察丁酸钠（sodium butyrate,SB）对甲基硝基亚硝基胍（N-methyl-N’-nitro-N-nitrocoguanidine,MNNG）所致胃粘膜上皮细胞非程序DNA合成、脂质过氧化和ras p21表达的影响。方法 分4组：MNNG、10^-5mol／LSB＋MNNG、10^-6mol／LSB＋MNNG、10^-7mol／LSB＋MNNG,各组测定UDS、LPO和ras p21蛋白。结果 胃粘膜细胞先用10^-5mol／L、10^-6mol／L丁酸钠预处理4h,再给MNNG,细胞非程序DNA合成水平、脂质过氧化和ras p21蛋白含量均显著低于MNNG组（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）。结论 一定剂量丁酸钠对MNNG诱导的胃粘膜细胞损伤有保护作用。     

脓毒症大鼠脑线粒体功能损伤与氧化应激的关系

目的：探索脓毒症脑组织线粒体功能及可能损伤机制．方法：选取40只清洁级雄性SD大鼠（180～220g）,以抽签方式随机分为4组：正常对照组,3h脓毒症组（3LPS组）,6h脓毒症组（6LPS组）和24h脓毒症组（24LPS组）,每组10只．腹腔注射革兰阴性菌脂多糖（LPS）溶液建立脓毒症大鼠动物模型,各脓毒症组大鼠在相应时点处死后分离获得线粒体．测定各组大鼠脑线粒体膜电位、线粒体丙二醛（mtMDA）含量、线粒体一氧化氮合酶（mtNOS）活性以及线粒体一氧化氮（mtNO）浓度．结果：3LPS组大鼠脑线粒体膜电位较正常对照组明显降低[（0．5±0．5）vs（1．2±0．6）,P〈0．05];6LPS组和24LPS组大鼠脑线粒体膜电位与正常对照组无明显差异[（1．4±0．7）vs（1．2±0．6）,（1．6±0．7）vs（1．2±0．6）]．3LPS组和6LPS组大鼠脑mtMDA含量较正常对照组明显升高[（12．0±2．1）μmol／L vs（5．7±0．8）μmol／L,（8．7±0．8）μmol／L vs（5．7±0．8）μmol／L,P〈0．01];24LPS组大鼠脑mtMDA含量较正常对照组无明显差别[（6．5±1．6）μmol／L vs（5．7±0．8）μmol／L]．3LPS组和6LPS组大鼠脑mtNOS活性较正常对照组明显升高[（74±24）μkat／g vs （16±13）μkat／g,P〈0．01;（32±10）μkat／g vs（16±13）μkat／g,P〈0．05];24LPS组大鼠脑mtNOS活性较正常对照组无明显差别[（28±12）μkat／g vs（16±13）μkat／g]．3LPS组、6LPS组和24LPS组大鼠脑mtNO浓度均较正常对照组明显升高[（15．4±4．8）μmol／g vs（1．2±2．6）μmol／g,（6．5±3．8）μmol／g vs（1．2±2．6）μmol／g,（3．6±2．1）μmol／g vs（1．2±2．6）μmol／g,P〈0．01]．脓毒症大鼠脑mtMDA含量、mtNOS活性和mtNO浓度与脑线粒体膜电位存在明显负相关性（r=-0．677,P〈0．01;r=-0．738,P〈0．01;r=-0．715,P〈0．01）．结论：大鼠脓毒症病程中存在可逆?     

蛋白激酶C抑制剂对精氨酸升压素调控心脏成纤维细胞增殖及p27蛋白表达的影响

目的　观察蛋白激酶C(PKC)抑制剂白屈菜红 (chelerythrine)对精氨酸升压素 (AVP)介导的心脏成纤维细胞 (CF)增殖及p2 7蛋白表达的影响 ,探讨AVP促CF增殖的细胞内信号传导机制。方法　以培养的新生SD大鼠CF为实验模型 ,实验分 3组基础状态组 ;10 -7mol/LAVP组 ;10 -7mol/LAVP +10 -6mol/L白屈菜红组。每组 4只SD大鼠。采用胰酶消化、差速贴壁法培养CF ,四氮唑盐(MTT)比色法检测细胞增殖 ,碘化丙啶标记细胞DNA、p2 7蛋白的单抗和标记了FITC的二抗标记细胞内的p2 7蛋白 ,采用流式细胞分析仪 (FCM)技术测定细胞周期及p2 7蛋白表达的阳性率。结果　 ( 1)10 -7mol/LAVP和 10 -6mol/L白屈菜红共同作用 48h ,MTT比色法测定的CF的A值 ( 0 32± 0 0 1)明显低于 10 -7mol/LAVP组 ( 0 39± 0 0 1,P <0 0 1) ;( 2 )AVP与白屈菜红共同作用组CF的S期细胞百分率 ( 4 4%± 1 7% )和细胞增殖指数 ( 2 0 9%± 1 2 % )分别明显低于AVP组 ( 15 5 %± 1 4%和31 4%± 1 5 % ) ,而G0 /G1期细胞百分率 ( 79 1%± 1 2 % )明显高于AVP组 ( 6 8 6 %± 1 5 % ) ,两组间比较差异有非常显著意义 (P <0 0 1) ;( 3)AVP与白屈菜红共同作用组CF的p2 7蛋白表达阳性率( 91 7%± 2 2 % )明显高于AVP单独作用组 ( 6 3 3%± 1 9% ) ,二     

大黄酸-雌酮对大鼠成骨细胞增殖和分化的作用

【目的】研究大黄酸-雌酮（LC-1）对原代培养大鼠成骨细胞增殖和分化的作用。【方法】酶消化法分离培养SD乳鼠颅盖骨成骨细胞；采取MTT法测定细胞增殖，磷酸苯二钠法（pNPP）测定细胞内外碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活性，研究不同浓度LC-1对成骨细胞增殖和分化能力的影响，并与雌酚酮和大黄酸的作用进行比较。【结果】给药3d后，与空白对照组相比：10^-6mol／L LC-1组、10^-7mol／L LC-1组和10^-7mol／L雌酚酮组明显促进成骨细胞增殖和增加细胞内外ALP活性（P〈0．05）；大黄酸抑制成骨细胞增殖，其中10^-6mol／L组有明显差异（P〈0．05），同时有增加细胞ALP活性的趋势，但无统计学差异。【结论】大黄酸-雌酮在体外可以促进成骨细胞增殖和分化。     

阿托伐他汀对骨髓基质细胞增殖及向成骨细胞分化的影响

目的比较不同浓度的阿托伐他汀对小鼠骨髓基质细胞向成骨细胞分化、矿化成骨的影响。方法分别将10^-8、10^-7、10^-6mol／L的阿托伐他汀和空白药物加入传代培养的小鼠骨髓基质细胞，通过细胞形态学观察、细胞增殖率检测、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）检测和钙结节染色，比较药物在成骨细胞分化过程中对细胞增殖和分化的影响。结果阿托伐他汀可以剂量依赖性方式抑制骨髓基质细胞的增殖，10^-7mol／L组和10^-6mol／L组较明显（均P〈0．05）。阿托伐他汀可以提高骨髓基质细胞ALP活性，培养10～22d，10^-7mol／L组和10^-6mol／L组ALP活性高于对照组和10^-8mol／L组（均P〈0．05）。矿化成骨染色显示在培养26d后，10^-6mol／L组染色明显深于其它各组。结论阿托伐他汀可促进骨髓基质细胞来源的成骨细胞的分化，抑制了细胞增殖，促进骨结节钙化。     

缬沙坦对巨噬细胞增殖、炎症因子表达及活性氧生成的抑制作用

目的探讨血管紧张素Ⅱ（AngⅡ）受体拮抗剂缬沙坦对巨噬细胞炎症因子表达、活性氧（ROS）生成及其细胞增殖的影响,初步探讨缬沙坦的抗炎作用机制。方法体外培养小鼠巨噬细胞系RAW264．7并随机分为对照组（10umol／LAngII）和缬沙坦干预组（10^-6mol／LAngII＋不同浓度缬沙坦）。Real—timePCR检测肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF—α）、干扰素诱导蛋白-10（IP-10）、白介素-6（IL-6）和巨噬细胞炎性蛋白-2（MIP-2）等炎症因子的表达;荧光探针法检测ROS含量;CCK-8法检测巨噬细胞增殖活性。结果缬沙坦干预组TNF-α、IP-10、IL-6、MIP-2mRNA表达均显著低于对照组（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）;不同浓度缬沙坦均能降低细胞ROS含量,其中以10^-5mol／L缬沙坦效果最明显（P〈0．05）;不同浓度缬沙坦均能降低巨噬细胞的增殖活性（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）,其抑制作用随缬沙坦浓度的上升而更加明显。结论缬沙坦可能通过抑制巨噬细胞炎症因子表达、ROS生成及细胞增殖而发挥抗炎作用。     

雷米普利预适应对大鼠心脏延迟性的保护作用

目的探讨雷米普利预适应对大鼠离体心脏缺血-再灌注损伤的延迟性保护作用及机制。方法离体大鼠心脏采用Langendoff灌流法建立心肌缺血再灌注损伤模型。35只大鼠随机分为5组：（1）对照组；（2）缺血-再灌组（I／R组）；（3）雷米普利预处理组（Ramipril 0．05mg／kg）；（4）雷米普利预处理组（Ramipril 0．1mg／kg）：（5）HOE140＋雷米普利预处理组（HOE1400．1mg／kg＋Ramipril 0．1mg／kg）。每组7只。记录左室内压（LVP）、左室内压最大上升速率（＋dp／dtmax）、左室舒张末压（LVEDP）、心率（HR），定时收集冠脉流出液测量冠脉流量（CF）和肌酸激酶（CK）活性。再灌注结束后采用分光光度法测定心肌组织中丙二醛（MDA）含量。结果（1）与对照组比较，I／R组缺血-再灌注后10、20、30min可显著降低LVP和＋dp／dt max（P〈0.01），升高LVEDP（P〈0．01），降低CF（P〈0．01），缺血-再灌注后10、20min显著降低HR（P〈0．01）；（2）与I／R组比较，Ramipril 0．05mg／kg组缺血-再灌注后20、30min可显著升高LVP（P〈0．01）及增加CF（P〈0．05）；缺血-再灌注后10、20、30min可显著升高＋dp／dtmax（P〈0.01），降低LVEDP（P〈0.01）；（3）与I／R组比较，Ramipril 0．1mg／kg组缺血-再灌注后10、20、30min可显著升高LVP（P〈0．01），升高＋dp／dtmax（P〈0.01），降低LVEDP（P〈0.01）；增加CF（P〈0.05）；（4）与Ramipril 0．1mg／kg组比较，HOE1400．1mg／kg＋Ramipril 0．1mg／kg组缺血-再灌注后10、20、30min可显著降低LVP（P〈0.05）；降低＋dp／dtmax（P〈0．05）；升高LVEDP（P〈0.05）；降低CF（P〈0．05）；（5）I／R组缺血-再灌注后10、20、30minCK与对照组比较，均有显著性差异（P均〈0.01）；Ramipril 0．05mg／kg组及Ramipril 0．1mg／kg组缺血-再灌注后10、20、30minCK与I／R组比较，均有显著性差异（P均〈0.01）；HOE1400．1mg／kg＋Ramipril 0．1mg／kg组缺血-再灌注后10、20、30minCK与Ramipril 0．05mg／kg组及Ramipril 0．1mg／kg组比较，均有显著性差异（P均〈0.01）；（6）实验前24h舌下静脉注射雷米普利0．05mg／kg或0．1mg／kg均可显著降低缺血-再灌注心肌组织中MDA含量。结论雷米普利对缺血再灌注诱导离体大鼠心肌损伤具有延迟性保护作用，其机制可能是与激活缓激肽B2受体，减少缓激肽降解有关。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.