苦参碱缓释片、胶囊、注射液的药代动力学及生物利用度比较研究

目的:比较苦参碱缓释片、苦参碱普通胶囊和苦参碱注射液的药代动力学及生物利用度.方法:对杂种犬进行单剂量及多剂量试验,采用反相液相色谱法测定血药浓度,对苦参碱的三种剂型进行药物动力学及生物利用度研究.结果:苦参碱普通胶囊tmax为(85±12) min,cmax为(6.360±0.215) μg/ml,缓释片的tmax为300 min,cmax为(5.088±0.490) μg/ml,注射剂的tmax为10 min,cmax为(6.500±0.404) μg/ml.缓释片相对于普通胶囊之相对生物利用度为(153.7±9.4)%,相对于注射剂的绝对生物利用度为(73.5±14.2)%.体内外相关性显著(r=0.981 2,P<0.01).结论:苦参碱缓释片释药迟缓,达峰时间长,血药浓度变化平缓,达到设计要求.     

西嗪伪麻缓释胶囊中盐酸伪麻黄碱在犬血浆中LC-MS法测定及其药代动力学

目的:建立LC-MS法测定犬血浆中盐酸伪麻黄碱浓度,以缓释成分盐酸伪麻黄碱为指标,观察犬单剂量ig西嗪伪麻缓释胶囊后血药浓度经时过程,估算相应的药代动力学参数.方法:血浆中加入内标苯丙醇胺,碱化后用乙醚提取,采用选择性离子检测方法测定其血药浓度.色谱柱为Shim-pack ODS(5.0 μm,250 mm×2.0 mm ID),流动相为超纯水(内含0.2%醋酸 0.005 mmol/L 醋酸铵溶液)-乙腈 (80∶20,v/v),流速0.2 ml/min,柱温40 ℃.Beagle犬给药采用双交叉实验设计,剂量为120 mg.结果:盐酸伪麻黄碱线性范围:0.016～2.00 μg/ml;最低检测浓度为0.016 μg/ml,方法回收率大于90%,日内日间变异均小于10%.Beagle犬单剂量ig西嗪伪麻缓释胶囊后,测得盐酸伪麻黄碱cmax为(0.71±0.16) μg/ml,tmax为(2.3±0.8) h,t1/2为(7.15±1.08) h,MRT为(11.36±1.54) h,AUC0-τ为(5.86±0.93) μg·h/ml.以扑尔伪麻片为对照,西嗪伪麻缓释胶囊相对生物利用度为(96.3±10.9)%,两制剂经方差分析显示tmax和cmax有显著差异.西嗪伪麻缓释胶囊具有一定的缓释特征.结论:本方法专属性强,准确性好,可用于盐酸伪麻黄碱血药浓度测定和药代动力学研究.     

高效液相色谱法测定人血浆中氟康唑浓度及其应用

目的:建立测定人血浆中氟康唑浓度的RP-HPLC法,并应用于临床药代动力学研究.方法:采用二氯甲烷萃取,高效液相色谱法检测,以单硝酸异山梨酯为内标,Phenomenx C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,4 μm),流动相为乙腈-水-冰醋酸(25:75:0.2),流速为1.0 ml/min;检测波长为261 nm.结果:血浆中内源性物质不干扰氟康唑的检测,氟康唑的线性范围为0.125～8.000 μg/ml,批内、批间精密度均小于15%,低、中、高浓度的(0.25 μg/ml、1 μg/ml和4 μg/ml)平均提取回收率分别为100.0%、98.8%、86.7%.结论:该法操作快速、简单、准确,符合生物样品检测要求,可用于临床药代动力学研究中大批量血样的处理.     

克林沙星在大鼠体内的药代动力学和生物利用度

目的研究克林沙星在大鼠体内的药动学和生物利用度。方法 HPLC法测定大鼠ig和iv克林沙星后的血药浓度,计算药动学参数和生物利用度。色谱柱为C18柱(5 μm),流动相为乙腈-0.05 mo1/L,柠檬酸三乙胺液(pH 2.5)(20:80),流速为1.0 ml/min,检测波长300 nrm。结果克林沙星0.1～20 μg/ml呈良好线性关系,在大鼠体内的药动学过程符合一室模型,大鼠ig 50和100mg/kg后,cmax和AUC均与剂量呈正比,T1/2与剂量无关;绝对生物利用度(F)为42％。结论克林沙星50～100mg/kg的吸收和消除呈一级动力学特征,在大鼠体内的生物利用度低。 [全文刊登于药学学报2001,36(2):134]     

罗红霉素分散片人体相对生物利用度及其药代动力学研究

目的:通过人血清中罗红霉素的微生物测定法,考察丽珠集团丽珠制药厂研制的罗红霉素分散片丽珠星相对于法国罗素-优克福公司的罗红霉素普通片罗力得的生物等效性,并估算其药代动力学参数.方法:以藤黄八叠球菌为检定菌,通过抑菌圈直径测定血药浓度.临床实验方案采用交叉实验设计,10名受试者随机分两组服用罗红霉素分散片和普通片.结果:本方法日内、日间变异系数均小于15%,线性范围为0.25～10.0 μg/ml(r=0.9992),最低检测浓度为0.25 μg/ml.罗红霉素分散片和普通片的主要药动学参数为:AUC0→36分别为61.41±13.53 μg·h/ml和57.63±11.29 μg·h/ml;AUC0→∞分别为66.62±17.89 μg·h/ml和62.93±14.62 μg·h/ml;cmax分别为7.15±0.18 μg/ml和7.37±0.42 μg/ml;tmax分别为1.10±0.44 h和1.20±0.26 h;T1/2分别为8.21±2.92 h和8.28±2.46 h.方差分析表明两种制剂的药代动力学参数间均无显著性差异.双单侧t检验表明两制剂吸收程度相同.结论:本方法简便准确.分散片的相对生物利用度为(105.9±13.8)%,表明分散片与普通片吸收程度生物等效.     

醋氯芬酸缓释片在犬体内药代动力学及其相对生物利用度研究

目的:建立了测定犬血浆中醋氯芬酸浓度的HPLC方法,研究醋氯芬酸缓释片在犬体内药代动力学及其相对生物利用度.方法:样品采用正己烷提取,HPLC-UV法测定,紫外检测波长为276 nm.流动相:甲醇-三蒸水-冰醋酸(77:23:0.3)组成.流速1.5 ml/min.色谱柱为C18,10 μm,柱长300 mm×4.6 mm I.D..结果:血浆中杂质不干扰样品峰,方法的回收率大于90%,最低检测浓度醋氯芬酸为1.65 μg/ml;线性范围为1.65～100 μg/ml.犬单剂量ig 200 mg醋氯芬酸缓释片后,估算的末端相半衰期为6.03±1.95 h,峰时间和峰浓度分别为5.0±2.7 h和61.36±20.75 μg/ml,MRT 为9.79±1.71 h.其t1/2、tmax、MRT显著大于普通片(P<0.05),峰浓度显著低于普通片(P<0.05).结论:本文建立的HPLC-UV法适合用于醋氯芬酸的临床研究;缓释片具有缓释特征,与市售普通片吸收程度生物等效.     

抗高血压新药美林洛尔在大鼠体内的药代动力学和生物利用度

目的建立测定美林洛尔血药浓度的方法,探讨美林洛尔在大鼠体内的药代动力学及生物利用度。方法灌胃和静脉给予大鼠美林洛尔5 mg/kg,采用颈动脉取血并用高效液相-荧光法测定血浆中美林洛尔浓度,应用3P87药动学程序对血药浓度数据进行拟合,计算药代动力学参数,评价其绝对生物利用度。结果美林洛尔在0.02~3.00μg/ml浓度范围内与样品峰面积/内标峰面积呈良好线性关系,其相关系数r=0.9999。提取平均回收率大于80%,日内、日间RSD<10%。大鼠静脉注射美林洛尔后体内药动学符合开放双室模型,其分布相和消除相的半衰期分别为(4.22±5.58)min和(58.53±17.60)min。曲线下面积、中央室分布容积和血浆清除率分别为(133.40±9.27)(μg.min)/ml、(0.27±0.15)L/kg和(7.50±0.53)ml/(g.min)。灌胃给药符合开放单室模型,其达峰时间、最大血药浓度和药时曲线下面积分别为(14.29±3.28)min、(0.64±0.11)μg/ml和(54.35±9.34)(μg.min)/ml。结论建立的高效液相-荧光法专属性强、灵敏度高,可用于美林洛尔的体内定量分析。美林洛尔在大鼠体内的绝对生物利用度为40.74%。     

LC-MS法测定人血浆中吡嘧司特钾浓度及药代动力学

目的:建立LC-MS测定人血浆中吡嘧司特钾浓度的方法,测定志愿者口服吡嘧司特钾分散片后的血药浓度,估算其药代动力学参数并对试验制剂与参比制剂的生物等效性进行评价.方法:血浆中加入对乙酰氨基酚为内标,酸化后经二氯甲烷-乙酸乙酯(20∶80)提取,进行LC-MS测定.色谱柱为Shim-pack VP-ODS C18(250 mm×2.0 mm ID),流动相为CH3OH-20 mmol/L NH4Ac,pH 3.0(50∶50),流速0.2 ml/min;ESI选择性正离子检测.临床实验方案采用双交叉实验设计.结果:吡嘧司特钾血浆线性范围为10～1 000 ng/ml,检测限为5 ng/ml.方法回收率大于80%.测定了20名志愿者单剂量交叉口服试验制剂与参比制剂后的血药浓度经时过程,测得试验片与参比片的主要药代动力学参数无显著性差异,试验片的相对生利用度为(99.6±14.6)%.结论:本方法操作简单,专属性强,灵敏度高,准确性好.试验片和参比片生物等效.     

吴茱萸碱新型纳米乳在大鼠体内的药代动力学及生物等效性

目的 建立HPLC法测定吴茱萸碱新型纳米乳(evodiamine novel nano emulsion,ENNE)中吴茱萸碱(evodiamine,EVO)在大鼠体内的血药浓度,研究ENNE在大鼠体内的药代动力学行为,比较ENNE与EVO的生物等效性.方法 12只SD大鼠平均分为两组,分别灌胃给予ENNE(相当于EVO 100 mg/kg)与EVO(100mg/kg),采用HPLC法测定5 min、10 min、15 min、30 min、45min、1h、2h、5h、8h、12 h、24 h、48 h、72 h大鼠体内EVO的血药浓度.HPLC法色谱条件:流动相为甲醇-0.1％甲酸水溶液(66∶34,体积比),流速为1.0mL/rmin,进样体积为100 μL,检测波长为225nm.绘制血药浓度-时间曲线,用DAS 2.1.1软件计算主要药代动力学参数与生物等效性.结果 建立的HPLC法线性关系良好,准确度与精密度符合分析方法学要求.ENNE与EVO的AJC0-∞分别为(8 248.88±69.92)μg·h·L-1、(884.82±83.52) μg·h·L-1,半衰期分别为(1.70±0.60)h、(1.05±0.45)h.ENNE的相对生物利用度约为EVO的9倍,半衰期约为EVO的1.62倍,ENNE与EVO不具有生物等效性.结论 ENNE较EVO更能促进药物的吸收,提高生物利用度;ENNE与EVO不具生物等效性.     

赤芍胡椒复方中胡椒对芍药苷血药浓度的影响

目的:通过对小鼠口服赤芍和赤芍胡椒复方后血浆中芍药苷浓度的比较,探讨活血温里复方的药物配伍机理.方法:色谱条件:色谱柱Kromasil C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,7 μm),流动相:甲醇-水(38∶62),流速0.5 ml/min,检测波长230 nm.比较小鼠灌胃后不同时间时实验组(赤芍胡椒复方)与对照组(赤芍)血浆中芍药苷浓度的差异.结果:芍药苷与血浆中其他成分能很好分离,在5.0～250.0 μg/ml范围内线性关系良好,平均回收率为95.52%;最低检测浓度1.49 μg/ml.实验组小鼠平均血药浓度在60,90 min时明显高于对照组,实验组与对照组有显著差异(P<0.01,P<0.05).结论:在赤芍胡椒复方中,胡椒可提高赤芍主要有效成分芍药苷的血药浓度.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SERUM CYTOKINES IL-1β,sIL-2R,IL-6,TNF-α,AND IFN-v IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Objectives To explore serum cytokines levels (including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v) and their significance in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the subsequent follow-ups, with attempt to estimate the role of various serum inflammatory markers in the diagnosis and assessment of ACS.Methods The study population include 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 40 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 40 controls. Among the 80 patients, 60 patients attended a follow up 4 months later. Serum inflammatory markers including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results Serum IL- 1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α were significantly higher in AMI group or UAP group compared to the control group and became significantly lower 4 months later in the follow-up patients. Serum levels of IFN-v shows no significant difference between AMI group or UAP group and controls, also showing no significant change when measured in follow up patients. There was no correlation between serum creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels and serum inflammatory markers either in UAP or AMI group. Furthermore, when divided into two subgroups using Wagner's QRS scoring system in the AMI group, there is no difference of each serum inflammatory marker between ≤ 6 scores group and ＞ 6 scores group.Conclusion Serum levels of certain inflammatory markers may have some diagnostic value for ACS, and can be a useful marker reflecting disease stability.