大鼠肝缺血再灌注损伤时肾功不全发生机制探讨

目的:观察大鼠肝脏缺血/再灌注(I/R)损伤时肝、肾组织肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)的变化和髓过氧化物酶(MPO)、丙二醛(MDA)在肾组织含量的动态变化,测定能量代谢的指标琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、乳酸(LD)及观察肾形态学改变,探讨肝I/R损伤时肾功能不全机制。方法:健康的Wistar大鼠48只,建立肝脏缺血/再灌注损伤动物模型。共分为6组:对照组(假手术组,CTL)、缺血30min组(I)、缺血30min再灌注组(I/R)、缺血30min再灌注2、4、6h组(I/R2h、I/R4h、I/R6h)。肝、肾组织TNF-α的测定用放射免疫法,测定肾组织MPO、MDA、SDH、LDH、LD。同时观察肾脏HE染色的变化。结果:肝组织和肾组织TNF-α在I/R、I/R2h、I/R4h、I/R6h组与CTL、I组比较有统计学差异(P<0.05)。肾组织MPO在I/R2h、I/R4h、I/R6h组与对照组比较有统计学差异(P<0.05)。肾组织MDA在I/R4h、I/R6h组开始明显增高与对照组比较有统计学差异(P<0.05)。肾组织SDH活性在I、I/R、I/R2h、I/R4h、I/R6h组与对照组...     

硫酸锌对肠缺血—再灌注损伤的防治作用

目的：探讨硫酸锌对肠缺血－再灌注（ischemia-reperfusion,I/R)损伤的防治作用及其机制。（2）方法：复制家兔肠I／R损伤模型，观察硫酸锌对超氧化物歧化酶（SOD），黄嘌呤氧化酶（XO）及丙二醛（MDA）含量的影响，实验分为I／R损伤组，硫酸锌＋I／R组和假手术组（Sham)对照组，并进行比较。（3）结果：缺血前3组动物红细胞SOD、红细胞膜及血浆MDA，血浆XO值均无统计学差异，I／R组再灌注后2h与缺血前及Sham组相比，SOD活性显下降，XO活性及MDA含量明显增加（P＜0．01），此外，肠、肺、肝等组织MDA含量亦明显高于Sham组（P＜0．01），静脉给予硫酸锌，可使XO及MDA含量降低，且可防止SOD减少。结论：肠I／R过程中伴有多器官脂质过氧化损伤，硫酸锌通过抗脂质过氧化能减轻或在一定程度上避免再灌注损伤的进一步加剧。     

大鼠肝缺血再灌注损伤时卵巢机能代谢指标的变化及其意义

目的探讨大鼠肝缺血再灌注(I/R)损伤过程中卵巢组织能量代谢的变化及可能的发生机制.方法健康雌性Wistar大鼠48只随机分为对照组、缺血30 min组(Ⅰ组)及缺血30 min再灌注即刻组、2 h、4 h、6 h组(I/R及I/R 2、4、6 h组),每组8只,检测各组卵巢组织匀浆中髓过氧化物酶(MPO)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的活性及丙二醛(MDA)、乳酸(LD)的含量,采用放射免疫法检测血清中雌二醇、孕酮含量.结果肝I/R损伤中,I/R、I/R 2 h组卵巢组织MPO的活性明显低于I、I/R 6 h组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),I/R、I/R 2 h组卵巢组织中MDA及血清雌二醇、孕酮含量与I/R 4 h、I/R 6 h组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),卵巢组织中MPO与MDA呈正相关(r=0.814,P＜0.05),I/R、I/R 2 h组LDH活性明显高于对照组、I组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),I/R 2、4、6 h组卵巢组织中LD的含量明显高于I/R组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05). 结论肝I/R损伤初期卵巢分泌雌、孕激素代偿性升高可能对机体产生一定保护作用,但随着再灌注时间的延长仍可引起卵巢组织明显的能量代谢障碍.肝I/R损伤过程中,卵巢组织中MPO介导的氧化应激反应可能参与了卵巢组织损伤的发生.     

大鼠肢体缺血再灌注致心肌损伤中过氧化物酶及肿瘤坏死因子-α的动态变化及意义

目的研究血浆及心肌局部炎细胞髓过氧化物酶（MPO）及炎性细胞因子肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）在大鼠肢体缺血再灌注
后心血管系统损害中的动态变化及意义。方法应用止血带结扎构建大鼠双下肢缺血再灌注模型,按照缺血及再灌注不同时间
点随机分为9组：① 正常对照组(C);②缺血2、4 h组(I2,I4);③缺血4 h再灌注0.5、2、4、6、12、24 h组（R0.5,R2,R4,R6,R12,R24）。观察
各组大鼠血浆及心肌MPO、TNF-α水平的变化,以免疫组化法观察心肌组织TNF-α的表达。结果与C组比较,I2组血浆及心肌
MPO、TNF-α即开始明显上升;与I4组比较,血浆及心肌MPO分别于再灌注R0.5、R2组明显升高;R4组血浆TNF-α明显上升,R12组
心肌TNF-α明显下降;R24组血浆MPO、TNF-α明显下降（P<0.05）。R4血浆MPO、TNF-α及心肌TNF-α达到峰值;R6组心肌MPO
达到峰值。TNF-α免疫组化提示I4组大鼠心肌胞浆即可见较多棕色染色颗粒,R4组浆棕色染色颗粒继续增多,R24组明显减少。
结论炎细胞在心肌组织的聚集活化、全身及心肌局部炎性细胞因子的激活是肢体缺血期及再灌注期心肌损伤的重要病理学基
础,其中再灌注期心肌损伤与全身性炎性细胞因子激活关系更大。
     

Maresin1对肝缺血再灌注损伤的影响及机制研究

目的探讨Maresin1（MaR1）对肝缺血再灌注损伤的影响及机制。方法将24只Wistar大鼠采用随机数字表法分为假手术组（Sham组）、肝缺血再灌注损伤组（I/R组）、MaR1治疗组（I/R+MaR1组）、抗磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶（PI3K）抑制剂LY294002组（I/R+MaR1+LY294002组）,每组6只。I/R组、I/R+MaR1组及I/R+MaR1+LY294002组大鼠通过阻断肝左叶及中叶血流60min,再灌注6h建立肝缺血再灌注损伤模型。Sham组仅开腹和关腹,不阻断血流,I/R+MaR1组在肝缺血再灌注前1h腹腔注射4mg/kgMaR1,I/R+MaR1+LY294002组在肝缺血再灌注前30min腹腔注射LY2940020.5mg/kg,其余处理同I/R+MAR1组。检测各组小鼠肝组织病理学改变,血肝功能、炎性反应和氧化应激反应的指标。Westernblot法检测肝组织磷酸化磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶（p-PI3K）、磷酸化蛋白激酶B（p-Akt）、转录因子NF-E2相关因子2（Nrf2）、血红素氧合酶-1（HO-1）蛋白表达。结果与Sham组比较,I/R组肝损伤明显,而I/R+MaR1组肝损伤明显减轻。与Sham组比较,I/R组血清中ALT、AST、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、IL-10水平均升高,肝组织中丙二醛（MDA）水平升高,而超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、谷胱甘肽（GSH）水平均降低（均P＜0.05）。与I/R组比较,I/R+MaR1组血清中ALT、AST、LDH、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6水平均降低（均P＜0.05）,肝组织MDA水平均降低,而IL-10、SOD、CAT、GSH水平升高（均P＜0.05）。与Sham组比较,I/R组p-PI3K、p-Akt、Nrf2、HO-1蛋白表达均升高（均P＜0.05）,而I/R+MaR1组p-PI3K、p-Akt、Nrf2、HO-1蛋白表达进一步增加（均P＜0.05）。然而,上述MaR1的治疗作用被PI3K抑制剂LY294002逆转。结论MaR1通过上调PI3K/Akt/Nrf2/HO-1通路抑制炎性反应及氧化应激反应,进而减轻肝缺血再灌注损伤。     

利多卡因对幼鼠小肠缺血-再灌注致肾损伤的保护作用

目的：探讨利多卡因对幼龄 SD 大鼠肠缺血-再灌注（I/R）肾脏的影响。方法：将80只4周龄 SD 大鼠随机分为假手术组（10只）,肠缺血组（10只）,肠缺血-再灌注组（30只）和利多卡因干预组（30只）,后两组再灌注后0．5h 、1h 、2h 每个时间点分别处死10只动物。分别测定各组血 Scr 值,肾组织 MDA 含量和 MPO 活性,ICAM-1和 TNF-α表达。结果：利多卡因可降低肠缺血-再灌注幼龄 SD 大鼠 Scr 浓度和肾组织中 MDA 含量及 MPO 活性,下调肾组织中 ICAM-1和 TNF-α的表达（P＜0．05或0．01）。结论：利多卡因可减轻幼龄 SD 大鼠小肠 I/R 后肾损伤,其作用机制有待进一步研究。     

三七总皂甙对大鼠肝缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的探讨三七总皂苷（panaxnonginsengsaponins,PNS）对大鼠肝缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用,并研究其对氧化应激及炎症反应相关因子的影响。方法 30只健康雄性SD大鼠,体质量250～300g,随机分为假手术组（Sham组）、肝缺血再灌注组（HIR组）和三七总皂苷治疗组（PNS组）,各10只。HIR组和PNS组构建肝缺血再灌注模型,PNS组术前1h予50mg/kg PNS生理盐水溶液（5mg/mL）腹腔注射,Sham组及HIR组于术前1h给予相同剂量的生理盐水腹腔注射。预处理3h后处死大鼠,检测并比较三组肝组织丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、髓过氧化物酶（MPO）、细胞间黏附因子-1（ICAM-1）及血清肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白介素-1β（IL-1β）水平。结果 PNS组肝缺血再灌注损伤后肝组织中MDA水平、MPO活性、ICAM-1含量及血清TNF-α、IL-1β低于HIR组（P〈0.05）,SOD活性则高于HIR组（P〈0.05）。结论三七总皂苷可通过减少氧化应激水平和炎症因子表达,减轻肝缺血再灌注损伤,达到肝脏保护作用。     

大鼠肝缺血/再灌注损伤时TNF-α和ICAM-1在心肌组织中的表达及意义

目的:观察大鼠肝缺血/再灌注损伤(ischemia/reperfusioninjury,I/RI)过程中肝组织TNF-α和心肌组织TNF-α、ICAM-1的表达;探讨肝脏缺血/再灌注过程对心脏的影响以及其机制。方法:选健康雄性Wistar大鼠48只,建立肝脏缺血/再灌注动物模型,每组8只,共分6组。应用免疫组织化学方法测定肝组织TNF-α和心肌组织中TNF-α、ICAM-1的表达。结果:在肝缺血/再灌注过程中,TNF-α在肝脏中的表达在I/R组就有升高(P<0.05),在I/R1h组增高明显,I/R2h、I/R4h组虽然略有波动,但I/R2h组与I/R1h组,I/R4h组与I/R2h组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。TNF-α在心肌组织中的表达随着再灌注时间的延长逐渐升高,I/R1h组与I/R组、I/R4h组与I/R1h组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但I/R2h组与I/R1h组、I/R4h组与I/R2h组差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。心肌组织ICAM1的表达随着再灌注时间的延长逐渐升高,I/R1h组与I/R组相比、I/R4h组与I/R2h组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。肝组织TNF-α和心肌组织TNF-α的表达呈正相关(r=0.844,P<0.01),心肌组织TNF-α与ICAM-1的表达呈正相关(r=0.7544,P<0.01)。肝HE染色切片见I/R导致肝明显的损伤,随着再灌注时间的延长,肝细胞水肿,炎性细胞浸润,甚至肝细胞坏死。心肌HE染色见心肌部分横纹不清楚,有炎     

七叶皂苷钠对肠缺血再灌注损伤大鼠p38MAPK信号通路的影响及其保护作用机制

目的:观察七叶皂苷钠(SA)对肠缺血再灌注(I/R)损伤大鼠p38MAPK信号通路的影响,阐明其对肠I/R损伤保护作用的机制。方法:采用夹闭肠系膜上动脉(SMA)方法建立大鼠肠I/R损伤模型。24只SD大鼠随机分为对照组(只分离出SMA,不行夹闭)、I/R组(分离出SMA,在其根部用无创伤血管夹夹闭阻断该动脉血运1h后松夹,实现再灌注)和SA组(手术过程同I/R组)。分别于夹闭前、松夹前、松夹后30min 3个时间点对各组每只大鼠给予如下处理,对照组和I/R组大鼠尾静脉推注生理盐水5 mL·kg-1;SA组大鼠尾静脉推注SA 0.9mg·Kg-1。再灌注后1h测定各组大鼠血浆肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)水平以及血浆和小肠组织中髓过氧化物酶(MPO)、二胺氧化酶(DAO)活性和丙二醛(MDA)水平;同时免疫组织化学法检测各组大鼠小肠组织中p38MAPK和Bax蛋白的表达水平。结果:与对照组比较,I/R组大鼠血浆MPO、DAO活性及MDA、TNF-α、IL-6水平升高,小肠组织MPO活性及MDA水平升高,DAO活性降低(P<0.01);与I/R组比较,SA组大鼠血浆MPO、DAO的活性以及MDA、TNF-α和IL-6水平降低,小肠组织MPO活性及MDA水平降低,DAO活性升高(P<0.01)。免疫组织化学检测,与对照组比较,I/R组和SA组大鼠小肠组织p38MAPK和Bax的蛋白表达明显增强(P<0.01);与I/R组比较,SA组大鼠小肠组织p38MAPK和Bax的蛋白表达下降(P<0.01)。相关分析显示,大鼠小肠组织MPO、MDA、Bax蛋白表达水平以及血浆TNF-α、IL-6水平与肠组织细胞p38MAPK蛋白表达水平呈正相关关系(r分别为0.797、0.702、0.712、0.695和0.715,P<0.01)。结论:SA可能通过抑制氧自由基、炎性细胞因子的产生以及中性粒细胞的活化,下调肠组织p38MAPK的表达,从而抑制肠组织细胞凋亡,减轻肠I/R时的肠损伤。     

胃泌素释放肽受体拮抗剂RC-3095通过抑制TLR4途径减轻小鼠肝缺血再灌注损伤的研究

目的 本文观察胃泌素释放肽(GRP)受体(R)在肝缺血再灌注损伤模型中的表达情况,并探讨GRP及GRPR拮抗剂RC-3095对小鼠肝缺血再灌注损伤是否具有保护作用。方法构建小鼠肝缺血再灌注损伤模型,将小鼠随机分为假手术组(sham组)、I/R再灌注后3 h组(3 h)、I/R再灌注后6 h组(6 h)、I/R再灌注后12 h组(12h),观察GRP及GRPR在缺血再灌注引起的肝损伤中的表达情况;然后将小鼠随机分为假手术组(sham组)、I/R组(I/R)、RC-3095干预组(RC-3095),HE染色观察小鼠肝组织坏死程度,检测各组小鼠外周血谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)水平,ELISA法检测小鼠外周血及肝脏组织中细胞因子TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β的表达水平,RT-PCR法检测肝脏组织TLR4水平。结果小鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤GRP及GRPR表达增加,6 h达到高峰,随后表达降低;RC-3095能明显减轻肝缺血再灌注损伤模型小鼠肝脏坏死程度,抑制炎症因子(TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β)的释放,抑制TLR4的表达。结论RC-3095可以通过抑制炎症因子的释放起到保护肝缺血再灌注损伤,其可能的机制是抑制TLR4的表达。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.