烟酸处理血粉在猪肉肠制作工艺的应用

将自制的烟酸处理血粉应用于猪肉香肠制作.通过单因素试验考察烟酸处理血粉添加量、VE 添加量以及煮制温度与时间对色泽的影响;在此基础上,以猪肉香肠感官品质为考察指标、通过正交试验优化加工工艺条件.单因素试验表明烟酸处理血粉添加量、煮制温度均对肉肠制品色泽影响很大,而 VE 添加量与煮制时间对肉肠制品色泽影响较小;正交试验结果表明,对肉肠制品品质影响顺序依次是烟酸处理血粉添加量、煮制温度、VE 添加量、煮制时间.烟酸处理血粉添加量0.4%,VE 添加量0.25%,煮制温度90℃,煮制时间50min,产品感官评分最高达9.33分     

五香鸡肉松的研制

对传统的鸡肉松生产工艺及配方进行了改进,通过适量添加调味料和合理控制煮制时间、烘烤时间,可大幅度缩短鸡肉松加工制作过程,生产出香味浓郁、色泽金黄的优质鸡肉松。     

鸡肉松生产工艺的改进

对鸡肉松传统生产工艺中“收汁、炒松”等工艺进行了改进。结果表明,只要适量添加调味料和合理控制煮制时间,可以省去“收汁”工艺;选用适宜的温度和时间,置肉松坯在烘箱中先烘烤脱去部分水分,既不影响搓松,又能大幅度减少炒松时间。     

出口粤式肉松加工技术与质量控制体系研究

为了使传统粤式肉松实现现代工业化生产和满足出口市场的需求,研究了2种粤式传统肉松生产新工艺及其质量控制方法。研究表明“老汤卤煮”更易于控制肉松坯的煮制程度。肉松坯烘烤脱水率达到30%左右时粘性最大,此时搓松最为困难。烘烤脱水率达到50%左右时搓松效果最好。“分段-平衡”脱水等方法可以简化传统肉松生产工艺,提高肉松质量。同时还制定了肉松生产HACCP体系,但肉松的质量不仅取决于肉松的加工工艺、设备和合理科学的质量控制体系,更取决于质量控制体系在实际生产过程中的执行度。     

绿茶猪肉松的加工工艺

研发一种营养丰富、食用方便又具有特定功能的猪肉松产品。研究猪肉煮制时间、绿茶添加量和炒制时间对绿茶猪肉松感官品质的影响,并通过正交试验确定了主要工艺参数的最佳组合。结果表明,影响绿茶猪肉松品质的主次因素为:煮制时间绿茶添加量炒制时间;工艺参数的最佳组合为猪肉煮制时间为110min、绿茶添加量为0.7%、炒制时间为40min。     

新型鹅肉松加工工艺研究

本实验以鹅肉为原料,通过单因素试验及正交试验,探讨鹅肉松加工中主要工艺参数的最佳组合及辅料的最佳用量。结果表明,工艺参数的最佳组合为:煮制时间6h、烘烤温度70℃、烘烤时间90min、炒制时间40min。辅料添加量的最佳配比:白砂糖18%、酱油6%、食盐1.5%。制得的产品颜色金黄,呈松散的絮状,并且通过添加2%大豆蛋白使得出品率增加了16.3%,降低了生产成本。     

小龙虾调理食品加工工艺研究

本文对龙虾调理食品加工技术(煮制、腌制)进行研究,通过采用正交实验法优化盐水煮制、腌制技术参数,最终确定最佳煮制条件为:煮制温度75℃,煮制时间2 min,食盐浓度2%。最佳腌制条件为:腌制时间1 h,蔗糖添加量4%,食盐添加量2%。采用此工艺制备的龙虾调理食品色泽均匀、营养丰富、质地优良、口感细腻、风味独特。     

麻辣味金黄兔肉松加工工艺研究

在传统兔肉松制作方法的基础上,借助正交试验法对兔肉松的原辅料配方进行优化,通过水分含量测定及感官评分确定最佳煮制、收汁及炒松时间,以期获得高品质的兔肉松产品。试验结果表明:最佳的原辅料配方组合为辣椒含量1.0%,花椒含量0.6%,五香粉含量1.0%,黄酒含量2.0%;最佳煮制时间8h,收汁时间15min,炒松时间15min,该条件下获得的产品蛋白质含量为(22.11±1.13)%,并且口感较好,可为兔肉松的工业化生产提供一定参考。     

基于美拉德反应制备香酥肉松的研究

以鲜猪肉为原料,优化肉松加工中的煮制工艺,利用美拉德反应制备色、香、味俱佳的香酥肉松。通过单因素试验,研究糖、氨基酸、煮制反应温度、反应时间等对肉松品质的影响,并在此基础上设计正交试验,最终香酥肉松的美拉德煮制反应最佳工艺参数为:木糖15g、赖氨酸2g,煮制温度110℃,时间40min。反应完成后的肉经收汤,炒制后制备的香酥肉松品质最佳,感官评分达97分。     

鹰爪虾虾仁煮制工艺研究及残留微生物分析

研究了鹰爪虾虾仁在煮制过程中NaCl添加量及煮制时间对感官品质的影响,并对煮制残留微生物的种类进行了初步的分析.结果表明,虾仁经煮制加工后,残留的微生物主要为耐热的芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)和环丝菌属(Brochothrix).综合失重率、质构、色差等各项指标的测定及感官评定,确定鹰爪虾虾仁的最佳煮制工艺为:NaCl添加量2%;煮制时间5～7min,加工过程中应根据虾仁的大小规格对煮制时间进行适当调整,小规格的虾仁对应的煮制时间可适当减少.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Influence des ions sur le pouvoir hydratant de l'ure e: e tude sur peau de porc ex vivo

This study deals with the influence of ions (NaCl and MgSO4) in a W/O emulsion containing 10% urea. Moisturization kinetics are assessed by corneometry on pig skin ex vivo. The formula's influence on urea penetration is measured by infrared spectrometry with an ATR device and the stripping method. Corneometry and spectroscopy were chosen to record simultaneously the hydratation levels and urea localization into superficial cell layers. Urea crystallization after evaporation of emulsions and aqueous solutions is described. Results show that urea does not hydrate nor penetrate when applied to the skin through an aqueous gel. In a W/O emulsion, sodium chloride increases the ability of urea to moisturize without improving penetration. In vitro urea crystallization is disturbed by sodium chloride or magnesium sulphate for solutions and emulsions. This stabilization by ions is correlated with good moisturization values. The stabilization of urea in the solute state provided by ions increases its water epidermal binding capacity without enhancing penetration.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Analysis on Economic Indicators from 62 Enterprises in Printing Machinery Industry in Q1 2014

Operation of printing machine industry was still unsatisfactory in the first quarter of 2014.Analysis on operation of printing machine industry.a.Market demand was not strong;sales of product undulated and declined.According to the statistics,the total industrial output value fell by 19.28% in the first quarter of 2014 than the average quarter value in 2013; industrial added value decreased by 4.16%; sales revenue dropped by 22.83%. h. Business operation of enterprises was in poor condition. c. R＆D of new products is an important transformation guarantee for enterprises. d. To take self explore new ways upgrading advantages,and explore new ways.