急性呼吸窘迫综合征中肺损伤的研究进展

急性呼吸窘迫综合征(acute respiratory distress syndrome,ARDS)是指肺内、外严重疾病导致以肺毛细血管弥漫性损伤、通透性增强为基础,以肺水肿、透明膜形成和肺不张为主要病理变化,以进行性呼吸窘迫和难治性低氧血症为临床特征的急性呼     

急性呼吸窘迫综合征发病机制研究进展

急性呼吸窘迫综合征（acute respiratory distress syndrome,AKDS）是由多种原因引起的急性呼吸衰竭。主要病理特征是弥漫性肺泡毛细血管膜损伤，通透性增高，肺水肿．微肺不张和炎性细胞浸润，导致机体形成非心源性肺水肿，肺内分流增加．肺顺应性降低，肺换气功能严重下降，并出现呼吸窘迫和顽固的低氧血症。急性肺损伤（acute lung injury，ALI）是ARDS的早期阶段。ARDS的发病机制错综复杂，近年来强调炎症反应在ARDS中的重要性。     

俯卧位通气治疗急性呼吸窘迫综合征的研究进展

急性呼吸窘迫综合征（acute respiratory distress syndrome,ARDS）是指由多种肺内、外严重疾病导致以肺毛细血管弥漫性损伤、通透性增强为基础,以肺水肿、透明膜形成和肺不张为主要病理     

102例急性呼吸窘迫综合征治疗体会

急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)是指肺内、外严重疾病导致以肺毛细血管弥漫性损伤、通透性增强为基础,以肺水肿、透明膜形成和肺不张为主要病理变化,以进行性呼吸窘迫和难治性低氧血症为临床特征的急性呼吸衰竭综合征.ARDS是急性肺损伤发展到后期的典型表现,该病起病急骤,发展迅猛,预后极差,死亡率高达50%以上[1].     

2例胸壁挫伤致急性呼吸窘迫综合征行机械通气临床观察

成人呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)，是多种肺外或肺部严重疾病过程中发生的急性渗出性肺水肿和急性进行性缺氧性呼吸衰竭。严重胸壁挫伤，可使肺泡和肺泡壁小血管破裂、肺间质和肺内出血。肺微血管通透性增加，肺泡萎陷，导致肺内血液分流增加，通气与血流比例失调和呼吸功增加。临床表现呼吸频数和窘迫，心动过速，顽固性低氧血症。急性呼吸窘迫综合     

肺泡上皮细胞与急性肺损伤水肿液清除的研究进展

急性肺损伤（ALI）和急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）是临床常见的危重病症，是指非心源性的各种肺内外因素导致的急性进行性呼吸衰竭，临床上以呼吸窘迫，顽固性低氧血症和非心源性肺水肿为特征。急性呼吸窘迫综合征是急性肺损伤的严重阶段。肺微血管通透性增高而导致的肺泡渗出液中富含蛋白质的肺水肿及透明膜形成，     

促红细胞生成素对急性肺损伤保护作用机制的研究进展

正急性肺损伤(acute lung injury,ALI)/急性呼吸窘迫综合征(acute respiratory distress syndrome,ARDS)是各种肺内、肺外致病因素导致的急性弥漫性肺损伤。其主要病理特征为肺血管通透性增高,肺泡腔渗出富含蛋白质的液体,肺水肿及透明膜的形成;临床上表现为顽固性低氧血症和呼吸窘迫;影像学上表现为双肺渗出性病变。ALI/ARDS的发病率和死亡率逐年升高~([1]),发病机制尚未完全阐     

急性呼吸窘迫综合征的临床治疗方法

急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)是患者原心肺功能正常,由于肺外和肺内的严重疾病引起肺毛细血管炎症损伤,通透性增加,继发急性高通透性肺水肿和进行性缺氧性呼吸衰竭.是以多种发病因素为诱因,以急性,进行性低氧血症性呼吸窘迫为主要临床病原学诊断及药敏试验结果正确选用药物.经过治疗原发疾病得到控制,低氧血症得到纠正;病人的一般状况逐渐好转.     

急性呼吸窘迫综合征的机械通气策略新进展

急性肺损伤（acutelunginjury，ALI）／急性呼吸窘迫综合征（acuterespiratorydistresssyndrome，ARDS）是指心源性以外的各种肺内、外致病因素导致的急性、进行性呼吸衰竭。其主要病理特征为由于肺微血管通透性增高，肺泡渗出富含蛋白质的液体，进而导致肺水肿及透明膜形成，可伴有肺间质纤维化。病理生理改变以肺容积减少、肺顺应性降低和严重通气／血流比例失调为主。临床表现为呼吸窘迫和顽固性低氧血症，肺部影像学表现为非均一性的渗出性病变。     

血管紧张素转化酶与急性肺损伤/急性呼吸窘迫综合征关系的研究进展

急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）是急性肺损伤（ALI）严重阶段的表现。肺微血管内皮细胞（PMVEC）等肺内效应细胞以及炎性介质介导的肺微血管通透性增高、肺水肿是ALI／ARDS的主要病理基础。由于ALI发病机制复杂,迄今尚未完全解释清楚,其治疗与预后一直是临床危重急症中的难题之一。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.